array:21 [
  "pii" => "X2013251411052134"
  "issn" => "20132514"
  "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Apr.10824"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2011;31:495-6"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 4616
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 338
      "HTML" => 3634
      "PDF" => 644
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:17 [
      "pii" => "X0211699511052137"
      "issn" => "02116995"
      "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Apr.10824"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
      "documento" => "article"
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2011;31:495-6"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 8041
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 288
          "HTML" => 7171
          "PDF" => 582
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "Intoxicación por setas: síndrome orellánico"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => "es"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "495"
            "paginaFinal" => "496"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "S. Álvarez Tundidor, A. González López, A. Nava Rebollo, B. Andrés Martín, J.V. Diego Martín, H. Santana Zapatero, C. Escaja Muga, H. Díiaz Molina, J. Grande Viloria"
            "autores" => array:9 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "S."
                "apellidos" => "Álvarez Tundidor"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "A."
                "apellidos" => "González López"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "A."
                "apellidos" => "Nava Rebollo"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "B."
                "apellidos" => "Andrés Martín"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "J.V."
                "apellidos" => "Diego Martín"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "H."
                "apellidos" => "Santana Zapatero"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "C."
                "apellidos" => "Escaja Muga"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "H."
                "apellidos" => "Díiaz Molina"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "J."
                "apellidos" => "Grande Viloria"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X2013251411052134"
          "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Apr.10824"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411052134?idApp=UINPBA000064"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699511052137?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      "url" => "/02116995/0000003100000004/v0_201502091411/X0211699511052137/v0_201502091412/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251411052126"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.May.10917"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2011;31:496-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5594
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 292
        "HTML" => 4575
        "PDF" => 727
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Hepatotoxicity following cyclophosphamide treatment in a patient with MPO-ANCA vasculitis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "496"
          "paginaFinal" => "498"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Hepatotoxicidad tras tratamiento con ciclofosfamida en un paciente con vasculitis MPO-ANCA"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10917_108_19860_en_10917_f1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 282
              "Ancho" => 600
              "Tamanyo" => 80309
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Evolution of GOT, GPT and GGT during cyclophosphamide treatment"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M. Martínez-Gabarrón, R. Enríquez, A.E. Sirvent, M. García-Sepulcre, I. Millán, F. Amorós"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Martínez-Gabarrón"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "R."
              "apellidos" => "Enríquez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A.E."
              "apellidos" => "Sirvent"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "García-Sepulcre"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "I."
              "apellidos" => "Millán"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Amorós"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699511052129"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.May.10917"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699511052129?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411052126?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003100000004/v0_201502091636/X2013251411052126/v0_201502091637/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251411052142"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Apr.10841"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2011;31:494-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4778
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 297
        "HTML" => 3875
        "PDF" => 606
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Chronic pulmonary bleeding as the first sign of microscopic polyangiitis associated with autoimmune thyroiditis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "494"
          "paginaFinal" => "495"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Hemorragia pulmonar crónica como primera manifestación de una poliangeítis microscópica asociada a tiroiditis autoinmune"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10841_108_19857_en_10841_f1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 427
              "Ancho" => 600
              "Tamanyo" => 255973
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Optical microscope. Glomerule with fibrinoid necrosis. HE stain, x20."
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M. Martínez-Gabarrón, R. Enríquez, A.E. Sirvent, E. Andrada, I. Millán, F. Amorós"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Martínez-Gabarrón"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "R."
              "apellidos" => "Enríquez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A.E."
              "apellidos" => "Sirvent"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "E."
              "apellidos" => "Andrada"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "I."
              "apellidos" => "Millán"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Amorós"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699511052145"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Apr.10841"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699511052145?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411052142?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003100000004/v0_201502091636/X2013251411052142/v0_201502091637/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:10 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Mushroom poisoning: Orellanus syndrome"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "495"
        "paginaFinal" => "496"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "S. Álvarez Tundidor, A. González López, A. Nava Rebollo, B. Andrés Martín, J.V. Diego Martín, H. Santana Zapatero, C. Escaja Muga, H. Díiaz Molina, J. Grande Viloria"
        "autores" => array:9 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "Iniciales" => "S."
            "apellidos" => "Álvarez Tundidor"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "salvtund@hotmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "A."
            "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez L&#243;pez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "A."
            "apellidos" => "Nava Rebollo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "B."
            "apellidos" => "Andr&#233;s Mart&#237;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "J.V."
            "apellidos" => "Diego Mart&#237;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "H."
            "apellidos" => "Santana Zapatero"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "C."
            "apellidos" => "Escaja Muga"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "H."
            "apellidos" => "D&#237;iaz Molina"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "J."
            "apellidos" => "Grande Viloria"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Zamora,   "
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Intoxicaci&#243;n por setas&#58; s&#237;ndrome orell&#225;nico"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">To the Editor&#44; </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Around 42 million kilograms of wild mushrooms are eaten in Spain each year&#46; Mushroom poisoning is an increasingly common medical emergency&#46; Annually&#44; 400 people are hospitalised with this diagnosis&#46; Depending on the latent period &#40;around six hours&#41;&#44; clinical symptoms can be classified as short- or long-incubation syndrome&#46; The latter are the most severe&#44; and include gyromitra&#44; orellanus and phalloides syndrome&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The orellanus syndrome is produced by several species from the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cortinarius</span> that contains toxins&#44; orellanines&#44; with a marked renal tropism&#46; After a long period without any symptoms &#40;3-17 days&#41;&#44; the patient presents with polyuria and severe renal failure&#44; which is often irreversible&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2-4</span> We present a case of mushroom poisoning with signs of orrellanus syndrome&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We present the case of an 83-year-old male patient with history of arterial hypertension &#40;AHT&#41;&#44; dyslipidaemia and a haemorrhagic stroke in 2006&#46; He underwent surgery for rectal neoplasia in 2000&#44; and received chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy&#46; The patient came to the emergency department due to vomiting and liquid bowel movements&#44; with no other symptoms&#46; The only event that the patient referred was having eaten wild mushrooms that he had picked 4 days before&#46; The biochemistry found&#58; glucose&#58; 130 mg&#47;dl&#59; urea&#58; 240 mg&#47;dl&#59; creatinine&#58; 4&#46;62 mg&#47;dl&#59; glutamate-pyruvate transaminase &#40;GPT&#41;&#58; 3903IU&#47;l&#59; glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase &#40;GOT&#41;&#58; 868IU&#47;l&#59; bilirubin&#58; 0&#46;80mg&#47;dl&#59; amylase&#58; 86IU&#47;l&#44; CK&#58; 86IU&#47;l&#59; sodium&#58; 134mEq&#47;l&#59; potassium&#58; 5&#46;1mEq&#47;l&#59; ionic calcium&#58; 1&#46;12mmol&#47;l&#59; and lactate&#58; 1&#46;3mmol&#47;l&#46; The blood gases showed a pH of 7392 and HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#160;of 15&#46;1mEq&#47;l&#46; The haemogram showed thrombocytopenia with 69x10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#181;l of platelets&#59; the rest of the haemogram and coagulation were normal&#46; The abdominal ultrasound did not show any changes&#46; Given that it was suspected that the patient had mushroom poisoning&#44; he was admitted to the intensive care unit &#40;ICU&#41;&#46; Intensive fluid therapy was started&#44; with sibilin and penicillin G&#46; The patient was haemodynamically stable throughout his hospital stay&#44; with good diuresis forced with mannitol during the first few hours&#44; and then spontaneously&#46; After 48 hours in the ICU he was transferred to the medical ward&#44; where his hepatic function continued to improve&#44; but he had polyuria and gradual deterioration of kidney function &#40;reaching creatinine levels of 10&#46;6mg&#47;dl 13 days after admission&#41;&#46; He was therefore indicated renal replacement therapy&#46; Kidney biopsy was not performed given that he was considered a high-risk patient&#46; Complementary examinations were also performed&#44; with the following results&#58; negative antinuclear antibodies &#40;ANA&#41;&#44; anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies &#40;ANCA&#41;&#44; anti-DNA and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies&#46; The serology tests for hepatitis B virus &#40;HBV&#41;&#44; hepatitis C &#40;HCV&#41;&#44; and human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; were negative&#46; The C3 and C4 proteinogram and Ig assessment were within normal limits&#46; Basic urine test&#58; normal&#46; Microalbuminuria&#58; 36&#181;g&#47;min&#46; Negative Bence-Jones proteinuria&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Although the orellanus toxin is not common in our area&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> the clinical symptoms described for delayed polyuric renal failure after wild mushroom consumption&#44; with interstitial failure data&#44; match with orellanus syndrome&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span> The patient was indicated continuous treatment with regular haemodialysis every 48 hours&#46; No improvement in renal function was observed in the long term&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In summary&#44; when a patient presents with clinical symptoms of liver and kidney involvement&#44; mushroom poisoning must be considered&#44; including orellanus syndrome&#44; especially in regional areas with a tradition of wild mushroom picking&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "P1-E523-S3023-A10824-EN.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:9 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Humayor Yáñez J, Rementería Radigales J. Intoxicación por setas. En: Manual de intoxicaciones en pediatría. Madrid: Ediciones Ergón, 2003;21:209-23."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "2.\u{A0}Wörnle M, Matthias WA, Angstwurm MD,\u{A0}Sitter T. Treatment of intoxication with Cortinarius speciosissimus using an antioxidant therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(4):E3-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15042564" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Martínez J, Losada P, Morey A, Alarcón A, Munar MA, Marco J. Fracaso renal agudo secundario a intoxicación por setas. Nefrologia 1999;19(6):560-3."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Saviuc P, Garon D, Danel V, Richard JM. Cortinarius poisoning. Analysis of cases in the literature. Nephrologie 2001;22:167-73. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11488171" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Soto Bermejo E, Piqueras Carrasco J, Elizalde Fernández J. Fracaso renal agudo tras ingestión de setas: síndrome orellánico. Nefrologia 2009;29(3):273. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19554066" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "\u{A0}"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "\u{A0}"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "\u{A0}"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "\u{A0}"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/20132514/0000003100000004/v0_201502091636/X2013251411052134/v0_201502091637/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "35437"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor - Brief Case Reports"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003100000004/v0_201502091636/X2013251411052134/v0_201502091637/en/P1-E523-S3023-A10824-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411052134?idApp=UINPBA000064"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 31. Issue. 4.July 2011
Pages 379-504
Full text access
Mushroom poisoning: Orellanus syndrome
Intoxicación por setas: síndrome orellánico
Visits
10667
S.. Álvarez Tundidora, A.. González Lópeza, A.. Nava Rebolloa, B.. Andrés Martína, J.V.. Diego Martína, H.. Santana Zapateroa, C.. Escaja Mugaa, H.. Díiaz Molinaa, J.. Grande Viloriaa
a Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Zamora,
This item has received
Article information
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Full Text

To the Editor,

Around 42 million kilograms of wild mushrooms are eaten in Spain each year. Mushroom poisoning is an increasingly common medical emergency. Annually, 400 people are hospitalised with this diagnosis. Depending on the latent period (around six hours), clinical symptoms can be classified as short- or long-incubation syndrome. The latter are the most severe, and include gyromitra, orellanus and phalloides syndrome.1

The orellanus syndrome is produced by several species from the genus Cortinarius that contains toxins, orellanines, with a marked renal tropism. After a long period without any symptoms (3-17 days), the patient presents with polyuria and severe renal failure, which is often irreversible.2-4 We present a case of mushroom poisoning with signs of orrellanus syndrome.

We present the case of an 83-year-old male patient with history of arterial hypertension (AHT), dyslipidaemia and a haemorrhagic stroke in 2006. He underwent surgery for rectal neoplasia in 2000, and received chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient came to the emergency department due to vomiting and liquid bowel movements, with no other symptoms. The only event that the patient referred was having eaten wild mushrooms that he had picked 4 days before. The biochemistry found: glucose: 130 mg/dl; urea: 240 mg/dl; creatinine: 4.62 mg/dl; glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT): 3903IU/l; glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT): 868IU/l; bilirubin: 0.80mg/dl; amylase: 86IU/l, CK: 86IU/l; sodium: 134mEq/l; potassium: 5.1mEq/l; ionic calcium: 1.12mmol/l; and lactate: 1.3mmol/l. The blood gases showed a pH of 7392 and HCO3 of 15.1mEq/l. The haemogram showed thrombocytopenia with 69x103/µl of platelets; the rest of the haemogram and coagulation were normal. The abdominal ultrasound did not show any changes. Given that it was suspected that the patient had mushroom poisoning, he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Intensive fluid therapy was started, with sibilin and penicillin G. The patient was haemodynamically stable throughout his hospital stay, with good diuresis forced with mannitol during the first few hours, and then spontaneously. After 48 hours in the ICU he was transferred to the medical ward, where his hepatic function continued to improve, but he had polyuria and gradual deterioration of kidney function (reaching creatinine levels of 10.6mg/dl 13 days after admission). He was therefore indicated renal replacement therapy. Kidney biopsy was not performed given that he was considered a high-risk patient. Complementary examinations were also performed, with the following results: negative antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-DNA and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. The serology tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were negative. The C3 and C4 proteinogram and Ig assessment were within normal limits. Basic urine test: normal. Microalbuminuria: 36µg/min. Negative Bence-Jones proteinuria.

Although the orellanus toxin is not common in our area,5 the clinical symptoms described for delayed polyuric renal failure after wild mushroom consumption, with interstitial failure data, match with orellanus syndrome.2,4 The patient was indicated continuous treatment with regular haemodialysis every 48 hours. No improvement in renal function was observed in the long term.

In summary, when a patient presents with clinical symptoms of liver and kidney involvement, mushroom poisoning must be considered, including orellanus syndrome, especially in regional areas with a tradition of wild mushroom picking.3

Bibliography
[1]
Humayor Yáñez J, Rementería Radigales J. Intoxicación por setas. En: Manual de intoxicaciones en pediatría. Madrid: Ediciones Ergón, 2003;21:209-23.
[2]
2. Wörnle M, Matthias WA, Angstwurm MD, Sitter T. Treatment of intoxication with Cortinarius speciosissimus using an antioxidant therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(4):E3-6. [Pubmed]
[3]
Martínez J, Losada P, Morey A, Alarcón A, Munar MA, Marco J. Fracaso renal agudo secundario a intoxicación por setas. Nefrologia 1999;19(6):560-3.
[4]
Saviuc P, Garon D, Danel V, Richard JM. Cortinarius poisoning. Analysis of cases in the literature. Nephrologie 2001;22:167-73. [Pubmed]
[5]
Soto Bermejo E, Piqueras Carrasco J, Elizalde Fernández J. Fracaso renal agudo tras ingestión de setas: síndrome orellánico. Nefrologia 2009;29(3):273. [Pubmed]
[6]
 
[7]
 
[8]
 
[9]
 
Download PDF
Idiomas
Nefrología (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?