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"resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introducción: </span>La insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) constituye un factor de riesgo cardiovascular independiente. El conocimiento de su prevalencia en la población general puede contribuir a la detección precoz de esta enfermedad y de prevenir o retrasar su evolución. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Métodos: </span>Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de población general española, con edad igual o superior a 20 años, distribuida por todo el territorio nacional y estratificada por hábitat, edad y sexo conforme al censo de 2001 (n = 2.746). Se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, y se evaluó la prevalencia de IRC mediante determinación centralizada de creatinina sérica y aplicación de la ecuación MDRD. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariantes y multivariantes para evaluar la asociación entre la IRC y diversos factores de riesgo. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados: </span>La edad media fue de 49,5 años. La prevalencia global de IRC en estadios 3-5, según la Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, fue del 6,8%, con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC) de 5,4 a 8,2 (3,3% para edades 40-64 años y 21,4% para edades >64 años). Las prevalencias estimadas para cada uno de los estadios de IRC fueron: 0,99% para estadio 1 (tasa de filtrado glomerular [TFG] >_90 ml/min por 1,73 m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"> </span>con proteinuria); 1,3% para estadio 2 (TFG 60-89); 5,4% para estadio 3a (TFG 45-59); 1,1% para estadio 3b (TFG 30-44); 0,27% para estadio 4 (TFG 15-29), y 0,03% para estadio 5 (TFG <15). Se apreció una prevalencia considerable de factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos: dislipemia (29,3%), obesidad (26,1%), hipertensión (24,1%), diabetes (9,2%) y tabaquismo activo (25,5%). Los factores predictores independientes de IRC fueron la edad, la obesidad y la hipertensión previamente diagnosticada. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusiones: </span>La prevalencia de IRC (en cualquier estadio) en la población general española es relativamente elevada, en especial en los individuos de edad avanzada, y similar a la de otros países del mismo entorno geográfico. Además de la edad, dos factores de riesgo modificables, la hipertensión y la obesidad, se asociaron con una mayor prevalencia de IRC.</p>"
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