Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) symbolizes a common histologic pattern of glomerular injury associated with numerous disease mechanisms. Ulcerative colitis (UC) represents one of the types of inflammatory bowel disease, which occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. The coexistence of these two diseases is an unexpected condition. Lately, case reports have been published documenting the development of nephropathy after treatment of ulcerative colitis with mesalamine or sulphasalazine. In cases in the literature, this coexistence has been identified as associated with 5-ASA therapy.1–5 In this case, we report the ulcerative colitis occurring in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis not affiliated with 5-ASA therapy.
A 66-year-old man, with a 3-year history of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, was admitted with bloody and mucoid diarrhea which had been for lasting for 10 days. There was no fever, nausea, vomiting or infection. There was no feature in the patient's history except diarrhea. Physical examination also was normal. Laboratory investigation demonstrated impaired renal function and proteinuria due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Renal function test which is similar to the old values showed serum creatinine level of 3.15mg/dl (0.8–1.3), BUN level of 89mg/dl (17–43) and 24-h urine protein level of 1876mg/day (<200). In addition, his erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 79mm/h (<20) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was 6.66mg/dl (<0.4). A large amount of leukocytes and erythrocytes was seen in the stool microscopy. Stool cultures were detected negative twice. Colonoscopy revealed that there were to exudates of millimetric ulcers descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. The colon biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis.
The patient was started on mesalamine. His symptoms showed marked improvements after starting mesalamine treatment. After treatment, laboratory investigation demonstrated; creatinine level of 3.7mg/dl (0.8–1.3), BUN level of 116mg/dl (17–43), ESR level of 38mm/h (<20), CRP level of 0.319mg/dl (<0.4), and 24-h urine protein level of 2099mg/day (<200). There were no abnormalities suggestive of nephrotoxicity in patients due to mesalamine, while acute phase reactants declined. The decline in ESR and CRP levels is thought to be in favor of improving ulcerative colitis activation.
A focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after ulcerative colitis treatment with mesalamine and sulfasalazine has been reported in the literature.1 Additionally in the literature, there have been several minimal changes in the disease following the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with mesalamine or sulfasalazine.2–6 A case report has been published of nephrotic syndrome due to Crohn's disease with mesalamine treatment.7
In this case, we discuss about the developed ulcerative colitis in a patient who was followed for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Unlike previously reported cases, mesalamine and sulfasalazine have no effect on the togetherness of the two diseases. Although primary and secondary FSGS forms are defined based on the underlying cause, the podocyte damage is a common result eventually. Some genetic factors affect the inflammation which is the main cause of development of the ulcerative colitis. An unknown cause such as genetic, environmental or infections except drugs may be factors in the etiology of these two diseases. Furthermore, an unknown cause can facilitate the development of nephrotoxicity after mesalamine and/or sulfasalazine treatment. In our case, the patient's renal function did not change significantly after mesalamine treatment.
The coexistence of ulcerative colitis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a rare condition. Mesalamine and/or sulfasalazine which have been used in ulcerative colitis treatment may be nephrotoxic. In our case, we have detected togetherness between ulcerative colitis and non-drug-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. It should be kept in mind that the two diseases may be caused by an unknown factor such as genetic, environmental or infections except drugs.
