Riesgo cardiovascular en diálisis peritoneal - Un estudio multicéntrico portugués

Grupo Multicéntrico Portugués de Diálisis Peritoneal; Grupo Multicentrico Portugues de Diálisis Peritoneal; Neves, Marta; Machado, Susana; Rodrigues, Luís; Borges, Andreia; Maia, Pedro; Campos, Mário

doi:10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Dec.12131

Información del artículo

Antecedentes: La enfermedad cardiovascular (CV) es la principal causa de mortalidad en pacientes en terapéutica de reemplazo renal. El principal objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el perfil de riesgo CV y prevalencia de enfermedad CV en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (DP) en Portugal. El segundo fue determinar los parámetros más relacionados con enfermedad CV. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico, de los adultos en DP. Se incluyeron seiscientos pacientes (56,7 % varones, edad media 53,5 ± 15,3 años), en DP por 25,6 ± 21,9 meses. Los pacientes se dividieron: grupo 1 (n = 166) con enfermedad CV y grupo 2 (n = 434) sin enfermedad CV. Las comparaciones se hicieron con los factores tradicionales de riesgo CV y los asociados a uremia y a propia DP; en el análisis multivariante se determinaron las variables asociadas de forma independiente a enfermedad CV. Resultados: Al final del estudio, la prevalencia de enfermedad CV fue del 28 %. En el análisis univariante, el grupo 1 presentó mayor frecuencia de varones (p < 0,01), pacientes de más edad (p < 0,01), diabéticos (p < 0,01), presencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) (p < 0,01), mayor proteína C-reactiva (PCR) (p = 0,04), menor nivel medio de parathormona (p = 0,014), menor fósforo sérico (p = 0,02), menor diuresis diaria (p = 0,04), menor Kt/V semanal (p = 0,008), un mayor uso de icodextrina y soluciones a base de glucosa hipertónica (p < 0,001 y p = 0,006, respectivamente), con más enfermos sometidos a DP continua ambulatoria (DPCA) (p = 0,014) y tenían un transporte peritoneal alto (p = 0,02). El análisis multivariante demostró la influencia independiente de edad > 50 años, PCR > 0,6 mg/dl, sexo masculino, diabetes, HVI, DPCA y anuria. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo más relacionados con el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular en la DP en Portugal son edad > 50 años, PCR > 0,6 mg/dl, sexo masculino, diabetes, HVI, DPCA y anuria.

Palabras clave:

Diálisis peritoneal

Palabras clave:

Multicéntrico

Palabras clave:

Riesgo cardiovascular

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the major cause of mortality in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the CV risk profile and prevalence of CV disease in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Portugal. The secondary goal was to establish parameters most associated with CV disease. Methods: Retrospective, multicenter study of the prevalent adult population on PD. Six hundred patients were included (56.7% male; mean age 53.5±15.3 years), on PD for 25.6±21.9 months. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=166) with CV disease and group 2 (n=434) without CV disease. Comparisons were made regarding traditional CV risk factors and those associated with uremia and PD itself, and a multivariate analysis was performed to determine variables independently associated with CV disease. Results: At the end of the study, the prevalence of CV disease was 28%. At univariate analysis, group 1 presented a higher frequency of males (p<.01), older patients (p<.01), diabetics (p<.01), occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (p<.01), mean C–reactive protein (CRP) (p=.04), lower mean parathormone level (p=.014), lower serum phosphorus (p=.02), lower daily urine output (p=.04), lower weekly Kt/V (p=.008), increased use of icodextrin and hypertonic glucose-based PD solutions (p<.001 and p=.006, respectively) and more were under continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) (p=.014) and had a high peritoneal transport status (p=.02). Multivariate analysis provided a significant discriminatory influence pertaining to age >50 years, CRP>0.6mg/dl, male gender, diabetes, LVH, CAPD and anuria, when comparing group 1 and group 2. Conclusions: Risk factors most related to the development of CV disease in PD in Portugal are age >50 years, CRP>0.6mg/dL, male gender, diabetes, LVH, CAPD and anuria.

Keywords:

Peritoneal dialysis

Keywords:

Multicentre

Keywords:

Cardiovascular risk

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