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Vol. 43. Issue. 1.January - February 2023
Pages 1-160
Vol. 43. Issue. 1.January - February 2023
Pages 1-160
Letter to the Editor
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Reply to Comments on the SENefro Consensus Document on Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Respuesta a Comentarios sobre el Documento de Consenso de Poliquistosis Renal Autosómica Dominante de la SENefro
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Alberto Ortiza, Elisabet Arsb, Carmen Bernisc, Gloria Fragad, Mónica Furlanoe, Víctor Martínezf, Judith Martinsg, Maria Vanessa Pérez-Gómeza, José Carlos Rodríguez-Pérezh, Laia Sansi, Roser Torrae,
Corresponding author
rtorra@fundacio-puigvert.es

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Nefrología, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
b Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Fundació Puigvert, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
d Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
e Enfermedades Renales Hereditarias, Servicio de Nefrología, Fundació Puigvert, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Departamento de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain
f Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
g Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
h Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
i Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Dear Editor,

We appreciate the interest in the "Consensus Document on Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)".1,2 The problem of the concept of rapid progression is raised, which has not been resolved. KDIGO defines rapid progression as a loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year.3 Based on the results of the REPRISE trial, it does not appear to be an adequate definition to identify those ADPKD patients who may benefit from tolvaptan4; the group of patients under 55 years of age treated with placebo lost GFR at a rate of −4.60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in one year, and yet tolvaptan slowed the loss of GFR by 33%, a result offered by few or none of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatments. For instance, at 12 months neither dapagliflozin nor canagliflozin showed a difference in GFR compared to placebo.5,6 Therefore, an alternative definition of rapid progression must be sought and we have proposed one.

As indicated in the letter, REPRISE did not demonstrate benefit during the follow-up period (one year in the context of a disease with a natural history to renal replacement therapy of 58 years on average in Europe and Spain, with a peak between 50 and 65 years)7 in a subgroup characterised by an age greater than 55 years, but also by a slow progression with placebo (−2.34 ml/min/1.73 m2 in one year).4 The author of the letter emphasises the age of the patients. Still, from the pathophysiological point of view, it is not plausible that an effective treatment at 55 years of age ceases to be effective at age 56 years. It is plausible that it is difficult to assess the efficacy after one year of treatment in patients who progress slowly or that it is ineffective in patients who progress more slowly. However, the trajectory of GFR loss in ADPKD is not linear and it is accelerated with age.8 So a patient can become a rapid progressor after the age of 55. Therefore if the safety of tolvaptan has been demonstrated in ADPKD at least up to age of 60, we find no reason to deny the treatment to patients of 55 to 60 years of age, a treatment that has been accepted as effective by the EMA.

We share the concern for the rational use of resources. Accordingly, there is a generic version of tolvaptan. Still, dialysis continues to cost around 45,000/year/patient, and is associated with a considerable loss of quality of life and cardiovascular mortality 10–100 times higher than that of the general population.9

Funding

The authors' research was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Carlos III Health Institute] (ISCIII) programme RICORS to RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0001), funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF).

Conflicts of interest

AO has received grants from Sanofi and consulting fees for talks or financing travel to congresses held by Advicciene, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Amicus, Amgen, Fresenius Medical Care, GSK, Bayer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Menarini, Mundipharma, Kyowa Kirin, Alexion, Freeline, Idorsia, Chiesi, Otsuka, Novo-Nordisk, Sysmex and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma and is Director of the Catedra Mundipharma-UAM of diabetic kidney disease and the Catedra Astrazeneca-UAM of chronic kidney disease and electrolytes. RT has received consulting fees for talks or financing trips to congresses held by Advicciene, AstraZeneca, Amicus, Amgen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Kyowa Kirin, Alexion, Chiesi, Recordatti, Otsuka.

References
[1]
E. Ars, C. Bernis, C. Fraga, M. Furlano, V. Martínez, J. Martins, et al.
Consensus document on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease from the Spanish Working Group on Inherited Kidney Diseases. Review 2020.
Nefrologia, 42 (2022), pp. 367-389
[2]
J.I. Minguela.
Comentarios sobre el Documento de consenso de poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante de la SENefro.
[3]
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), CKD Work Group.
KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.
Kidney Int Suppl, 3 (2013), pp. 1-150
[4]
V.E. Torres, A.B. Chapman, O. Devuyst, R.T. Gansevort, R.D. Perrone, G. Koch, et al.
Tolvaptan in later-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
N Engl J Med, 377 (2017), pp. 1930-1942
[5]
H.J.L. Heerspink, B.V. Stefánsson, R. Correa-Rotter, G.M. Chertow, T. Greene, F.F. Hou, et al.
Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease.
N Engl J Med, 383 (2020), pp. 1436-1446
[6]
V. Perkovic, M.J. Jardine, B. Neal, S. Bompoint, H.J.L. Heerspink, D.M. Charytan, et al.
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
N Engl J Med, 380 (2019), pp. 2295-2306
[7]
E.M. Spithoven, A. Kramer, E. Meijer, B. Orskov, C. Wanner, F. Caskey, et al.
Analysis of data from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicates that conventional treatments for chronic kidney disease do not reduce the need for renal replacement therapy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Kidney Int, 86 (2014), pp. 1244-1252
[8]
A.S.L. Yu, C. Shen, D.P. Landsittel, J.J. Grantham, L.T. Cook, V.E. Torres, et al.
Long-term trajectory of kidney function in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Kidney Int, 95 (2019), pp. 1253-1261
[9]
AIRG-E, EKPF, ALCER, FRIAT, REDINREN, RICORS2040, SENEFRO, SET, ONT.
CKD: the burden of disease invisible to research funders.
Nefrologia, 42 (2022), pp. 65-84
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