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a fact that increases the technical effort of the genetic study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Roma or Gypsies represent the largest and most widespread ethnic minority in Europe&#46; Anthropological and genetic data support their origin in the Indian subcontinent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Although there was some mixture with their hosting populations&#44; consanguinity is common among Gypsies and results in the presence of founder-mutations for several inherited disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> To date&#44; most of the reported Gypsy patients having GS are homozygous for the intron 9 &#43;1G&#62;T mutation &#40;c&#46;1180&#43;1G&#62;T&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> Here&#44; we describe a new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation characteristic of Roma SG patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We studied eight patients from five families diagnosed of GS &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The five families had a Roma ethnic background and traced their ancestry to the South-East European region&#44; including the Spanish family whose ancestors emigrated from Romania two generations ago&#46; The Spanish and Greek families were recruited through the Renaltube Consortium &#40;<a href="http://www.renaltube.com/">www&#46;renaltube&#46;com</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Genetic study</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The search for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> mutations was first performed in the index cases from families I and II&#46; The two were negative for the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; The whole coding plus at least 5 intronic flanking nucleotides were sequenced through semiconductor Next Generation Sequencing &#40;NGS&#41; with the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine &#40;PGM&#44; Life Technologies&#41;&#44; following a previously reported procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To confirm the putative mutations identified by NGS&#44; the corresponding exons were amplified and sequenced by the Sanger method&#46; This procedure was also used to determine the presence of the mutation in all the family members&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To characterize the haplotypes linked to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation&#44; five common single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by Sanger sequencing of PCR fragments&#58; rs5801 &#40;c&#46;1395C&#62;T&#41;&#44; rs2304483 &#40;c&#46;1670&#8722;8T&#62;C&#41;&#44; rs13306676 &#40;c&#46;2179&#8722;8C&#62;T&#41;&#44; rs34772420 &#40;c&#46;2748&#8722;13T&#62;C&#41;&#44; and rs2289115 &#40;c&#46;2951&#43;13C&#62;T&#41;&#46; In families I and II we also genotyped an intron 9 repeat polymorphism&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Clinical data</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Family I had several GS patients in two generations&#46; The index case &#40;PI&#46;1&#41; was the father of three children with mild clinical features of GS&#46; The father was diagnosed in the adolescence whereas the three siblings were diagnosed before the age of two years&#46; Three brothers and one sister of the index case presented also GS findings such as hypokalemia&#44; hypomagnesaemia and elevated bicarbonate serum values with a blood pH<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;35 &#40;data not showed&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Genotype</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The NGS of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> in the index cases from families I and II revealed the presence of a nucleotide variant in exon 16 of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> &#40;c&#46;1939G&#62;A&#41; that would result in a missense amino acid change &#40;p&#46;Val647Met&#41;&#46; This variant is predicted to be pathogenic&#47;deleterious by the bioinformatic programs SIFT &#40;<a href="http://sift.jcvi.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;sift&#46;jcvi&#46;org</a>&#41; and Polyphen &#40;<a href="http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2">http&#58;&#47;&#47;genetics&#46;bwh&#46;harvard&#46;edu&#47;pph2</a>&#41;&#46; The Sanger sequencing of exon 16 fragments showed that these patients were homozygous for the mutation&#44; and we also determined the mutation genotype in all the family members &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of the five <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> SNPs showed that the p&#46;647 Val mutation was in the same haplotype in the five families &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More than 180 mutations in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> gene have been reported in GS patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> There is not a prevalent mutation&#44; and this means that the sequencing of the 26 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> exons is required to search for mutations in most of the GS patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Moreover&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> mutations may be found in some cases with clinical manifestations of GS&#44; a fact that increases the complexity of the genetic study of GS&#46; Thus&#44; the discovery of mutations common in an ethnic group will facilitate the genetic analysis by limiting the sequencing to one or few exons&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this article we present Gypsy cases from Spain and Greece with the same mutation in the SLC12A3 gene&#46; Patients were recruited through the Renaltube Consortium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> which collects data from patients worldwide in an attempt to better define the clinical profile and the genetic background of renal tubulopathies&#46; To date&#44; &#62;50 Gypsi GS patients are included in the Renaltube database and most of these patients are homozygous for the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; The index cases of Families I and II&#44; were subjected to NGS to search for new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutations&#44; resulting in the identification of p&#46;Val647Met&#46; The p&#46;Val647Met variant was predicted to be pathogenic with at least two bioinformatic programs &#40;SIFT and Polyphen&#41;&#46; This missense change locates at the intracellular carboxy-end of the protein &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; where other GS mutations have been found and aminoacids at this region are conserved not only among species but also in other human channels such us bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A2</span> gene&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The p&#46;Val647Met mutation had been previously reported by Vargas-Poussou et al&#46; in one GS patient &#40;PV&#46;1&#41; compound heteorzygous for this variant and the intron 9 mutation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Thus&#44; the two families we studied and the three previously reported by Vargas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> had a common Gipsy genetic background and traced their ancestry to South-Eastern Europe&#46; The p&#46;Val647Met was linked to the same <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> polymorphisms in the 5 families&#44; a fact that strongly supports a common origin for this new Gipsy SG mutation&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we report a new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> founder mutation among GS patients of Gypsy background&#44; p&#46;Val647Met&#46; This mutation was associated with typical clinical features of GS&#44; either in homozygosity or in combination with the intron 9&#43;1G&#62;A mutation&#46; Our finding facilitates the diagnosis of GS in Gypsy patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Compliance with ethical standards</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the patients&#47;participants in the study gave their informed consent&#44; approved by the Ethical Committee of Hospital Universitario Central Asturias&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "S&#237;ndrome de Gitelman"
            1 => "Gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span>"
            2 => "Pacientes de etnia gitana"
            3 => "Antecedentes gen&#233;ticos gitanos"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gitelman&#39;s syndrome &#40;GS&#41; is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> gene&#46; GS is characterized by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis&#44; hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria&#46; Most of the reported patients of Roma ancestry are homozygous for an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> intron 9 frameshifting mutation &#40;c&#46;1180&#43;1G&#62;T&#41;&#46; Some forms of Bartter&#39;s syndrome result from mutations in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> gene and clinically overlap with GS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To characterize a second <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation in Roma patients negative for the intron 9 variant&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing in two Spanish and Greek gypsy patients who were negative for the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the putative mutations in patients and family members&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We identified a missense variant &#40;p&#46;Val647Met&#44; c&#46;1939G&#62;A&#41; in both cases&#44; and both were homozygous for Met&#46; This mutation was also found in three additional patients&#59; two homozygous and one heterozygous compound with the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; This new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation seems to be characteristic of gipsy GS patients and was linked to the same haplotype in all cases&#44; supporting a founder origin&#46; All the patients showed biochemical features characteristic of GS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report a second founder mutation among GS patients of Roma ethnic background&#46; The direct screening of this mutation would facilitate the characterization of patients who are negative for the more common intron 9 &#43;1G&#62;T mutation&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Gitelman &#40;SG&#41; es un trastorno autos&#243;mico recesivo causado por las mutaciones en el gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3&#46;</span> El SG se caracteriza por una alcalosis metab&#243;lica hipopotas&#233;mica&#44; hipomagnesemia e hipocalciuria&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los pacientes de etnia gitana notificados son homocigotos para la mutaci&#243;n con desplazamiento del marco de lectura del intr&#243;n 9 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> &#40;c&#46;1180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41;&#46; Algunas formas del s&#237;ndrome de Bartter proceden de las mutaciones del gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> y se solapan cl&#237;nicamente con el SG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar las caracter&#237;sticas de una segunda mutaci&#243;n en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> en pacientes de etnia gitana con resultados negativos en la variante intr&#243;n 9&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron los genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> mediante secuenciaci&#243;n de nueva generaci&#243;n en 2 pacientes &#8211;uno espa&#241;ol y otro griego&#8211; de etnia gitana con resultados negativos en la mutaci&#243;n de empalme del intr&#243;n 9&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo una secuenciaci&#243;n de Sanger para confirmar las supuestas mutaciones en los pacientes y sus familiares&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se identific&#243; una variante con cambio de sentido &#40;p&#46;Val647Met&#44; c&#46;1939G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#41; en ambos casos&#44; y ambos eran homocigotos con respecto a Met&#46; Tambi&#233;n se observ&#243; esta mutaci&#243;n en 3 pacientes adicionales&#44; 2 homocigotos y uno heterocigoto compuesto con la mutaci&#243;n del intr&#243;n 9&#46; Esta nueva mutaci&#243;n del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> parece ser caracter&#237;stica de los pacientes con SG de etnia gitana y se relacion&#243; con el mismo haplotipo en todos los casos&#44; lo que indica un origen fundador&#46; Todos los pacientes presentaron rasgos bioqu&#237;micos propios del SG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Informamos de una segunda mutaci&#243;n fundadora en los pacientes con SG de etnia gitana&#46; El cribado gen&#233;tico directo de esta mutaci&#243;n facilitar&#225; la determinaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con resultados negativos en la mutaci&#243;n del intr&#243;n 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#44; que es m&#225;s frecuente&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pedigrees of the five families&#46; A and B represents the haplotypes containing the p&#46;647 Met&#46; &#42;Intron 9 GAT-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">repeats</span> not available&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Map of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> showing the position of amino acid 647&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Kindred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age at diagnosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> &#40;mEq&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> &#40;mEq&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mutations in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PII&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PIII&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PIV&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PV&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;Intron 9 &#43;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serum biochemistry and genetic data of the affected members in the five families&#46;</p>"
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      ]
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Short Original
A new SLC12A3 founder mutation (p.Val647Met) in Gitelman's syndrome patients of Roma ancestry
Una nueva mutación fundadora en SLC12A3 (p.Val647Met) en pacientes con síndrome de Gitelman de etnia gitana
Helena Gil-Peñaa,
Autor para correspondencia
hgilpena@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Eliecer Cotob,f, Fernando Santosa,f, Mar Espinoc, Jose Mª Cea Crespod, Giannis Chantzopoulose, Filadelfia Komianoue, Juan Gómezb, Belén Alonsob, Sara Iglesiasb, Cyrielle Treardf, Rosa Vargas-Poussouf, the Renaltube Group
a Dept. Pediatría-RENALTUBE Consortium, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
b Dept. Genética Molecular-Red de Investigación Renal, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
c Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
d Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
e Dept. Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
f Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gitelman&#39;s Syndrome &#40;GS&#41; is the most common primary renal tubular disorder&#44; affecting approximately 1&#47;40&#44;000 Caucasians&#46; GS is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease mainly linked to mutations in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> gene &#40;solute carrier family 12 sodium&#47;chloride transporters&#44; member 3&#41;&#44; that encodes a thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride co-transporter &#40;NCC&#41; protein that locates at the luminal membrane of the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> GS is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> The loss of function of the NCC channel leads to decreased sodium re-absorption and subsequently secondary volume depletion&#46; The hypovolemia stimulates sodium re-absorption at the expense of increased potassium and hydrogen secretion&#44; which results in hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Hypocalciuria and hypomagnesaemia are also characteristic of GS&#44; the latter being a likely consequence of the elevation of the excretion of magnesium in urine&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the GS patients are homozygous or heterozygous compound for rare private mutations&#46; Due to the absence of common mutations&#44; the sequencing of the full <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> is required to uncover the genetic background of GS patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Moreover&#44; some cases presenting as GS might carry mutations at the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> gene&#44; a fact that increases the technical effort of the genetic study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Roma or Gypsies represent the largest and most widespread ethnic minority in Europe&#46; Anthropological and genetic data support their origin in the Indian subcontinent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Although there was some mixture with their hosting populations&#44; consanguinity is common among Gypsies and results in the presence of founder-mutations for several inherited disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> To date&#44; most of the reported Gypsy patients having GS are homozygous for the intron 9 &#43;1G&#62;T mutation &#40;c&#46;1180&#43;1G&#62;T&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> Here&#44; we describe a new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation characteristic of Roma SG patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We studied eight patients from five families diagnosed of GS &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The five families had a Roma ethnic background and traced their ancestry to the South-East European region&#44; including the Spanish family whose ancestors emigrated from Romania two generations ago&#46; The Spanish and Greek families were recruited through the Renaltube Consortium &#40;<a href="http://www.renaltube.com/">www&#46;renaltube&#46;com</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Genetic study</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The search for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> mutations was first performed in the index cases from families I and II&#46; The two were negative for the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; The whole coding plus at least 5 intronic flanking nucleotides were sequenced through semiconductor Next Generation Sequencing &#40;NGS&#41; with the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine &#40;PGM&#44; Life Technologies&#41;&#44; following a previously reported procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To confirm the putative mutations identified by NGS&#44; the corresponding exons were amplified and sequenced by the Sanger method&#46; This procedure was also used to determine the presence of the mutation in all the family members&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To characterize the haplotypes linked to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation&#44; five common single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by Sanger sequencing of PCR fragments&#58; rs5801 &#40;c&#46;1395C&#62;T&#41;&#44; rs2304483 &#40;c&#46;1670&#8722;8T&#62;C&#41;&#44; rs13306676 &#40;c&#46;2179&#8722;8C&#62;T&#41;&#44; rs34772420 &#40;c&#46;2748&#8722;13T&#62;C&#41;&#44; and rs2289115 &#40;c&#46;2951&#43;13C&#62;T&#41;&#46; In families I and II we also genotyped an intron 9 repeat polymorphism&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Clinical data</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Family I had several GS patients in two generations&#46; The index case &#40;PI&#46;1&#41; was the father of three children with mild clinical features of GS&#46; The father was diagnosed in the adolescence whereas the three siblings were diagnosed before the age of two years&#46; Three brothers and one sister of the index case presented also GS findings such as hypokalemia&#44; hypomagnesaemia and elevated bicarbonate serum values with a blood pH<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;35 &#40;data not showed&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Genotype</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The NGS of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> in the index cases from families I and II revealed the presence of a nucleotide variant in exon 16 of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> &#40;c&#46;1939G&#62;A&#41; that would result in a missense amino acid change &#40;p&#46;Val647Met&#41;&#46; This variant is predicted to be pathogenic&#47;deleterious by the bioinformatic programs SIFT &#40;<a href="http://sift.jcvi.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;sift&#46;jcvi&#46;org</a>&#41; and Polyphen &#40;<a href="http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2">http&#58;&#47;&#47;genetics&#46;bwh&#46;harvard&#46;edu&#47;pph2</a>&#41;&#46; The Sanger sequencing of exon 16 fragments showed that these patients were homozygous for the mutation&#44; and we also determined the mutation genotype in all the family members &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of the five <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> SNPs showed that the p&#46;647 Val mutation was in the same haplotype in the five families &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More than 180 mutations in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> gene have been reported in GS patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> There is not a prevalent mutation&#44; and this means that the sequencing of the 26 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> exons is required to search for mutations in most of the GS patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Moreover&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLCNKB</span> mutations may be found in some cases with clinical manifestations of GS&#44; a fact that increases the complexity of the genetic study of GS&#46; Thus&#44; the discovery of mutations common in an ethnic group will facilitate the genetic analysis by limiting the sequencing to one or few exons&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this article we present Gypsy cases from Spain and Greece with the same mutation in the SLC12A3 gene&#46; Patients were recruited through the Renaltube Consortium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> which collects data from patients worldwide in an attempt to better define the clinical profile and the genetic background of renal tubulopathies&#46; To date&#44; &#62;50 Gypsi GS patients are included in the Renaltube database and most of these patients are homozygous for the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; The index cases of Families I and II&#44; were subjected to NGS to search for new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutations&#44; resulting in the identification of p&#46;Val647Met&#46; The p&#46;Val647Met variant was predicted to be pathogenic with at least two bioinformatic programs &#40;SIFT and Polyphen&#41;&#46; This missense change locates at the intracellular carboxy-end of the protein &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; where other GS mutations have been found and aminoacids at this region are conserved not only among species but also in other human channels such us bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A2</span> gene&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The p&#46;Val647Met mutation had been previously reported by Vargas-Poussou et al&#46; in one GS patient &#40;PV&#46;1&#41; compound heteorzygous for this variant and the intron 9 mutation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Thus&#44; the two families we studied and the three previously reported by Vargas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> had a common Gipsy genetic background and traced their ancestry to South-Eastern Europe&#46; The p&#46;Val647Met was linked to the same <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> polymorphisms in the 5 families&#44; a fact that strongly supports a common origin for this new Gipsy SG mutation&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we report a new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> founder mutation among GS patients of Gypsy background&#44; p&#46;Val647Met&#46; This mutation was associated with typical clinical features of GS&#44; either in homozygosity or in combination with the intron 9&#43;1G&#62;A mutation&#46; Our finding facilitates the diagnosis of GS in Gypsy patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Compliance with ethical standards</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the patients&#47;participants in the study gave their informed consent&#44; approved by the Ethical Committee of Hospital Universitario Central Asturias&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Antecedentes"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Objetivos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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            3 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Resultados"
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            4 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
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        3 => array:2 [
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          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Methods"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Patients"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Genetic study"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Clinical data"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Genotype"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Compliance with ethical standards"
        ]
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          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
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        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack291660"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-25"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-01-23"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec863000"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Gitelman&#39;s syndrome"
            1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> gene"
            2 => "Gypsy patients"
            3 => "Roma genetic background"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec863001"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "S&#237;ndrome de Gitelman"
            1 => "Gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span>"
            2 => "Pacientes de etnia gitana"
            3 => "Antecedentes gen&#233;ticos gitanos"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gitelman&#39;s syndrome &#40;GS&#41; is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> gene&#46; GS is characterized by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis&#44; hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria&#46; Most of the reported patients of Roma ancestry are homozygous for an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> intron 9 frameshifting mutation &#40;c&#46;1180&#43;1G&#62;T&#41;&#46; Some forms of Bartter&#39;s syndrome result from mutations in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> gene and clinically overlap with GS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To characterize a second <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation in Roma patients negative for the intron 9 variant&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing in two Spanish and Greek gypsy patients who were negative for the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the putative mutations in patients and family members&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We identified a missense variant &#40;p&#46;Val647Met&#44; c&#46;1939G&#62;A&#41; in both cases&#44; and both were homozygous for Met&#46; This mutation was also found in three additional patients&#59; two homozygous and one heterozygous compound with the intron 9 splicing mutation&#46; This new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> mutation seems to be characteristic of gipsy GS patients and was linked to the same haplotype in all cases&#44; supporting a founder origin&#46; All the patients showed biochemical features characteristic of GS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report a second founder mutation among GS patients of Roma ethnic background&#46; The direct screening of this mutation would facilitate the characterization of patients who are negative for the more common intron 9 &#43;1G&#62;T mutation&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objectives"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Gitelman &#40;SG&#41; es un trastorno autos&#243;mico recesivo causado por las mutaciones en el gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3&#46;</span> El SG se caracteriza por una alcalosis metab&#243;lica hipopotas&#233;mica&#44; hipomagnesemia e hipocalciuria&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los pacientes de etnia gitana notificados son homocigotos para la mutaci&#243;n con desplazamiento del marco de lectura del intr&#243;n 9 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> &#40;c&#46;1180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41;&#46; Algunas formas del s&#237;ndrome de Bartter proceden de las mutaciones del gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> y se solapan cl&#237;nicamente con el SG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar las caracter&#237;sticas de una segunda mutaci&#243;n en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> en pacientes de etnia gitana con resultados negativos en la variante intr&#243;n 9&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron los genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CLNCKB</span> mediante secuenciaci&#243;n de nueva generaci&#243;n en 2 pacientes &#8211;uno espa&#241;ol y otro griego&#8211; de etnia gitana con resultados negativos en la mutaci&#243;n de empalme del intr&#243;n 9&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo una secuenciaci&#243;n de Sanger para confirmar las supuestas mutaciones en los pacientes y sus familiares&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se identific&#243; una variante con cambio de sentido &#40;p&#46;Val647Met&#44; c&#46;1939G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#41; en ambos casos&#44; y ambos eran homocigotos con respecto a Met&#46; Tambi&#233;n se observ&#243; esta mutaci&#243;n en 3 pacientes adicionales&#44; 2 homocigotos y uno heterocigoto compuesto con la mutaci&#243;n del intr&#243;n 9&#46; Esta nueva mutaci&#243;n del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> parece ser caracter&#237;stica de los pacientes con SG de etnia gitana y se relacion&#243; con el mismo haplotipo en todos los casos&#44; lo que indica un origen fundador&#46; Todos los pacientes presentaron rasgos bioqu&#237;micos propios del SG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Informamos de una segunda mutaci&#243;n fundadora en los pacientes con SG de etnia gitana&#46; El cribado gen&#233;tico directo de esta mutaci&#243;n facilitar&#225; la determinaci&#243;n de las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con resultados negativos en la mutaci&#243;n del intr&#243;n 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#44; que es m&#225;s frecuente&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Antecedentes"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Objetivos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
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        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3016
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pedigrees of the five families&#46; A and B represents the haplotypes containing the p&#46;647 Met&#46; &#42;Intron 9 GAT-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">repeats</span> not available&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1824
            "Ancho" => 2334
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Map of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span> showing the position of amino acid 647&#46;</p>"
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      2 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#58; potassium&#59; Mg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span>&#58; magnesium&#59; HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#58; bicarbonate&#59; Val&#58; valine&#59; Met&#58; methionine&#46; NA&#58; data not available&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Kindred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age at diagnosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> &#40;mEq&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> &#40;mEq&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mutations in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SLC12A3</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PI&#46;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PII&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PIII&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PIV&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;p&#46;Val647Met&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Family V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PV&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">p&#46;Val647Met&#47;Intron 9 &#43;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serum biochemistry and genetic data of the affected members in the five families&#46;</p>"
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