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This suggests novel mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney diseases &#40;CKD&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Studies have demonstrated a stepwise increase in serum renalase concentration with higher stages of kidney disease and markedly increased serum renalase levels in patients with ESRD both on hemodialysis and PD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a> The present study aimed to evaluate the possible correlations of serum renalase levels with EAT thickness and other CVD risk factors in PD patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study population</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional study involving patients with ESRD older than 18 years old who received PD for at least 6 months &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41; in our outpatient peritoneal dialysis unit and 40 healthy controls&#46; Patients with structural heart disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; cardiac myopathy or pericardial disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; active infection &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&#44; or other chronic inflammatory conditions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; were excluded&#46; Ultimately&#44; a total of 40 PD patients &#40;22 males and 18 females&#59; mean age&#44; 45&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;8 years&#41; were analyzed for the study&#46; All patients were on continuous ambulatory PD with four manual exchanges daily using 1500&#8211;2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml solutions&#46; Glucose concentrations of the solutions were adjusted depending on the patients&#8217; body fluid status&#46; When indicated&#44; the patients received icodextrin or nutritional treatment&#46; The dose of dialysis was prescribed to reach a weekly Kt&#47;V urea target of &#62;1&#46;7&#46; The control group included 40 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals &#40;22 males and 18 females&#59; mean age&#58; 44&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;9 years&#41; without any relevant systemic diseases&#46; All subjects gave written informed consent&#44; and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the local ethics committee&#46; The study was carried out in adherence to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection and laboratory measurements</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic findings of the patients were obtained from the patients&#8217; charts&#46; All subjects underwent blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; and anthropometric measurements &#40;height in cm&#44; body weight in kg&#41; and venous blood drawing&#46; Systolic and diastolic BPs of the participants were measured by using a sphygmomanometer with an appropriate cuff size with the subject in the sitting position after 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min or more of rest&#46; The mean value of three readings was used for the analysis&#46; Blood samples were obtained by trained personnel from all the participants via antecubital venipuncture after a 12-hour overnight fast&#46; Complete blood count&#44; serum albumin&#44; glucose&#44; creatinine&#44; parathormone &#40;PTH&#41;&#44; ferritin&#44; C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41;&#44; total cholesterol&#44; low density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; cholesterol&#44; triglycerides and high density lipoprotein &#40;HDL&#41; cholesterol levels were assessed in all the participants by using standard laboratory techniques for hospital use&#46; For measurement of renalase&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of venous blood specimens were obtained&#44; centrifuged at appropriate conditions and kept at &#8722;80 degrees for maximum 1 month&#46; The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; kit by Uscn Life Science Inc&#46; &#40;China&#41;&#44; using a monoclonal antibody specific to renalase&#44; was used&#46; Renalase levels are expressed in ng&#47;ml&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Measurement of LVH</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the participants underwent two dimensional M-mode transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography imaging with a Philips IE-33 system and S5-1 transducer &#40;1e5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mHz&#44; Philips&#44; Bothell&#44; WA&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Echocardiography was performed in all the participants by the same cardiologist&#46; In left lateral decubitis position from parasternal longaxis views&#44; standard M-mode measurements of interventricular septum thickness &#40;IVST&#41;&#44; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter &#40;LVEDD&#41;&#44; and left ventricular posterior wall thickness &#40;LVPWT&#41; were measured&#46; Left ventricular mass &#40;LVM&#41; was calculated by using the Penn Cube Conversion formula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LVM &#40;g&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;LVEDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IVST<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LVPWT&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;LVEDD&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;6&#46; LVM was divided by body surface area to find left ventricular mass index &#40;LVMI&#41;&#46; LVMI of &#62;131<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for men and &#62;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for women was accepted as LVH&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Measurement of EAT thickness</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Epicardial adipose tissue was identified as the echo-free space between the outer wall of the myocardium and the visceral layer of the pericardium&#44; and its thickness was measured perpendicularly on the free wall of the right ventricle at the end-systole in three cardiac cycles&#46; Parasternal long- and short-axis views were used&#46; The average value of three cardiac cycles from each echocardiographic view was considered&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For statistical analysis&#44; Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 16&#46;0 was used&#46; Continuous variables were expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation &#40;in the presence of a normal distribution&#41; or median and interquartile differences in 25th and 75th percentiles &#40;in the absence of a normal distribution&#41;&#46; Intergroup comparisons were made with Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test &#40;in data with a normal distribution&#41; or with Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test &#40;in data without a normal distribution&#41;&#46; Categorical variables were compared with Chi-square test or Fischer Exact test&#44; where appropriate&#46; Pearson correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables with normal distribution and Spearman correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables which are not normally distributed&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 was considered significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The demographic and biochemical parameters of the PD patients and healthy subjects are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The groups were well-matched for age and gender&#46; BMI was significantly lower in the control group than in the PD patients&#46; As expected&#44; the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the PD patients than in the controls&#46; Renal function tests were in normal ranges in the healthy subjects&#46; Serum ferritin and PTH levels were significantly higher but hemoglobin&#44; serum albumin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the PD patients than in the control group&#46; Echocardiographic evaluations revealed significantly increased LVMI and EAT thickness in the PD patients compared to the controls &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Mean serum renalase was significantly higher in the PD patients than in the control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows correlations of renalase with cardiovascular risk factors in the PD patients&#46; Twenty patients &#40;50&#37;&#41; had residual renal function &#40;RRF&#41; and renalase levels were negatively correlated with RRF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;511&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41; in these patients&#46; Renalase was positively correlated with CRP &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;705&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; No correlation was observed between renalase and EAT thickness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;81 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;618&#41; or LVMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;145&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;373&#41;&#46; Also&#44; renalase did not correlate with other CVD risk factors&#46; Interestingly&#44; there was a strong correlation between EAT thickness and LVMI in both the PD patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;848&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and the controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;640&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study revealed that increased serum renalase was closely correlated with residual renal function in the PD patients&#46; In agreement with this finding&#44; other studies also reported higher levels of serum renalase in PD and hemodialysis patients than in healthy volunteers&#44; which were correlated with residual renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;15&#44;16</span></a> Furthermore&#44; serum renalase levels were negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rates and increased in a graded fashion from CKD stage 2&#8211;5 in both CKD and kidney transplant patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> Since renalase is an amine oxidase that metabolizes circulating catecholamines and reduce their plasma levels&#44; experimental and genetic studies proposed a protective effect of renalase in regulation of blood pressure and development of cardiovascular complications in kidney disease patients&#46; A further link between polymorphisms in the renalase gene and the risk of development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases was also reported in these patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;19&#8211;21</span></a> In those studies&#44; measuring renalase levels by western blot using a polyclonal antibody resulted in marked renalase de&#64257;ciency in patients with end-stage renal disease&#46; On the contrary&#44; studies reported markedly increased levels when renalase was measured by ELISA in dialysis patients and kidney allograft recipients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;22&#44;23</span></a> The present study&#44; for the first time&#44; evaluated the possible association of serum renalase levels with cardiovascular risk factors in PD patients&#44; but could not demonstrate a significant correlation between renalase and LVH&#44; EAT thickness or hypertension&#46; Some points may explain why the relation between renalase and cardiovascular risk reported in experimental and genetic studies were not observed in the PD patients in the current study&#46; First&#44; it might have been due to the method used&#44; i&#46;e&#46; ELISA&#46; It has been speculated that ELISA may recognize epitopes undetected with original polyclonal antibody or accumulated renalase breakdown products or may cross- react with an unrelated epitope&#44; meaning that the measured level could be very high but unrelated to activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> However&#44; the manufacturers of the assay claim that only renalase 1 levels are measured&#44; and also there are no data on possible cross-reactivity&#46; Second&#44; as reported by Xu et al&#46;&#44; there can be renalase inhibitors in plasma and therefore&#44; activation of renalase can be very low and unremarkable although the enzyme levels are high&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Finally&#44; renalase is secreted not only by the kidney&#44; but also by cardiomyocytes&#44; liver and adipose tissue&#44; thus&#44; in the case of ESRD&#44; other organs and tissues may oversecrete renalase&#44; thus leading to very high serum levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; renalase was found to be closely correlated with CRP&#46; There have been few studies showing a relation between renalase and inflammation&#46; Qi et al&#46; reported that serum renalase levels were correlated with disease activity in lupus nephritis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> They found that renalase had a positive correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate but a negative correlation with albumin&#46; Among heart transplant recipients&#44; renalase was correlated weakly with time after transplantation and TRAIL &#40;TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand&#41;&#59; and strongly with kidney function&#44; IL-6 and Von Willebrand factor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> To the best of our knowledge&#44; this is the first report describing a relation between renalase and CRP in PD patients&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study&#44; for the first time&#44; demonstrated a close association between EAT thickness and LVMI in the PD patients&#46; Interestingly&#44; similar relation was also true in the control group&#46; Consistent with the present study&#44; Iacobellis et al&#46; reported a strong relation between echocardiographic EAT and LVM in healthy subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> To explain this association&#44; they proposed that increased visceral fat could have directly affected left ventricular output and stroke volume to perfuse the increased body mass&#46; An interesting point about the findings of the present study was that although a significant correlation was found between EAT thickness and LVMI in the controls&#44; this correlation was even stronger in the PD patients&#46; Despite the presence of other factors including anemia&#44; inflammation&#44; hypervolemia&#44; hypertension and activation of the renin-angiotension system as causes of LVH in the PD patients&#44; which are not seen in the healthy individuals&#44; this stronger correlation may suggest EAT thickness as an important factor in development of LVH in PD&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are some limitations of the present study&#46; First&#44; this is a single-center study with a relatively small patient population&#46; Second&#44; the causal and effect relationship cannot be suggested due to its cross-sectional design&#46; Therefore&#44; a multi-center&#44; prospective trial is needed to confirm the conclusions&#46; Third&#44; serum renalase levels were measured&#44; but serum renalase activity was not&#44; which could have eliminated the concerns on clinical usage of renalase levels&#46; However&#44; interpretation of data on renalase activity is rather difficult due to the growing criticism on potential monoamine oxidase activity of renalase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; this study indicates that renalase is not related with EAT thickness or LVH&#44; but closely associated with inflammation in PD patients&#46; Better standardization of methods for measurement of renalase or its activity in serum may clarify the role of renalase in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in patients with ESRD&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Funding</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No funding&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Authorship</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each author has contributed substantially to the research&#44; preparation and production of the paper and approves of its submission to the journal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Renalase&#44; with possible monoamine oxidase activity&#44; is implicated in degradation of catecholamines&#59; which suggests novel mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney diseases&#46; Epicardial adipose tissue &#40;EAT&#41; has been found to correlate with cardiovascular diseases &#40;CVD&#41; in dialysis patients&#46; The present study aimed to evaluate the association of serum renalase levels with EAT thickness and other CVD risk factors in peritoneal dialysis &#40;PD&#41; patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 40 PD patients and 40 healthy controls&#46; All subjects underwent blood pressure and anthropometric measurements&#46; Serum renalase was assessed by using a commercially available assay&#46; Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure EAT thickness and left ventricular mass index &#40;LVMI&#41; in all subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The median serum renalase level was significantly higher in the PD patients than in the control group &#91;176&#46;5 &#40;100&#8211;278&#46;3&#41; vs 122 &#40;53&#46;3&#8211;170&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#93; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Renalase was positively correlated with C-reactive protein &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;705&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and negatively correlated with RRF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;511&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41;&#46; No correlation was observed between renalase and EAT thickness or LVMI&#46; There was a strong correlation between EAT thickness and LVMI in both the PD patients and the controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;848&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;640&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001 respectively&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study indicates that renalase is associated with CRP and residual renal function but not with EAT thickness as CVD risk factors in PD patients&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La renalasa&#44; posiblemente con actividad monoaminooxidasa&#44; est&#225; implicada en la degradaci&#243;n de catecolaminas&#44; lo que indica nuevos mecanismos de complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con enfermedades renales cr&#243;nicas&#46; Se ha encontrado que el tejido adiposo epic&#225;rdico &#40;TAE&#41; se correlaciona con las enfermedades cardiovasculares &#40;ECV&#41; en pacientes de di&#225;lisis&#46; El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociaci&#243;n de los niveles de renalasa s&#233;rica con el espesor del EAT y otros factores de riesgo de ECV en pacientes de di&#225;lisis peritoneal &#40;DP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio incluy&#243; a 40 pacientes de DP y a 40 controles sanos&#46; Se tomaron la presi&#243;n arterial y las medidas antropom&#233;tricas de todos los individuos&#46; Se evalu&#243; la renalasa s&#233;rica mediante un ensayo disponible comercialmente&#46; Se utiliz&#243; la ecocardiograf&#237;a transtor&#225;cica para medir el espesor del TAE y el &#237;ndice de masa ventricular izquierda &#40;IMVI&#41; en todos los individuos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mediana del nivel de renalasa s&#233;rica fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes de DP que en el grupo control &#40;176&#44;5 &#91;100-278&#44;3&#93; frente a 122 &#91;5&#44;3-170&#44;0&#93; ng&#47;ml&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La renalasa se correlacion&#243; positivamente con la prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;705&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y negativamente con la FRR &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;511&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;021&#41;&#46; No se observ&#243; correlaci&#243;n entre la renalasa y el espesor del TAE ni el IMVI&#46; Hubo una fuerte correlaci&#243;n entre el espesor del TAE y el IMVI tanto en los pacientes de DP como en los controles &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;848&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 y r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;640&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio indica que la renalasa est&#225; asociada con la prote&#237;na C reactiva y la funci&#243;n renal residual&#44; pero no con el espesor del TAE&#44; como factores de riesgo de ECV en pacientes de DP&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of serum renalase levels between patients and healthy subjects&#46; Median serum renalase level was significantly higher in PD patients than in control group &#91;176&#46;5 &#40;100&#8211;278&#46;3&#41; vs 122 &#40;53&#46;3&#8211;170&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#93; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Categorical data are presented as frequencies and percentages&#59; continuous variables are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviations or median and interquartile ranges &#40;IQR&#58; the range of values lying between 25th and 75th centiles&#41; depending on their distributions&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; BMI&#44; body mass index&#59; Cr&#44; creatinine&#59; DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure&#59; DM&#44; diabetes mellitus&#59; EATT&#44; epicardial adipose tissue thickness&#59; HDL-C&#44; high density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; LDL-C&#44; low density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; LVMI&#44; left ventricular mass index&#59; PD&#44; peritoneal dialysis&#59; PTH&#44; parathyroid hormone&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure&#59; TC&#44; total cholesterol&#59; TG&#44; triglyceride&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PD patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;841&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender &#40;male&#44; n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presence of DM &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Use of anti-hypertensive agents &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atherosclerotic cardiac disease &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stroke &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smoking &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time on PD &#40;month&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>56&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cause of CKD &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glomerulonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Polycystic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic pyelonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unknown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">125 &#40;100&#8211;135&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110 &#40;100&#8211;120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78 &#40;70&#8211;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;60&#8211;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kt&#47;V</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;12 &#40;1&#46;98&#8211;2&#46;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Residual renal function &#40;ml&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;12 &#40;0&#8211; 1&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;10&#8211;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;13&#8211;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Glucose &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84 &#40;78&#8211;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88 &#40;78&#8211;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;576&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Albumin &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;9 &#40;3&#46;5&#8211;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;6 &#40;4&#46;2&#8211;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cr &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3 &#40;6&#46;8&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8 &#40;0&#46;7&#8211;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ferritin &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">220 &#40;110&#8211;338&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;45&#8211;120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PTH &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">414 &#40;205&#8211;660&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;37&#8211;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TC &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">185 &#40;143&#8211;218&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">187 &#40;167&#8211;198&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;950&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TG &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">142 &#40;96&#8211;201&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147 &#40;135&#8211;180&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;675&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CRP &#40;mg&#47;l&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;7 &#40;3&#8211;7&#46;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#46;1&#8211;3&#46;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EATT&#40;mm&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;51 &#40;0&#46;42&#8211;0&#46;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;24 &#40;0&#46;20&#8211;0&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LVMI &#40;g&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155 &#40;116&#8211;212&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95 &#40;89&#8211;111&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; CRP&#44; C-reactive protein&#59; DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure&#59; EATT&#44; epicardial adipose tissue thickness&#59; LVMI&#44; left ventricular mass index&#59; PD&#44; peritoneal dialysis&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;297&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;063&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Residual renal function&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;511&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kt&#47;V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;189&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;243&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;916&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;051&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;755&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Albumin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;059&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;978&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;109&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;503&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;675&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;948&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;705&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LVMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;373&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Original article
Increased serum renalase in peritoneal dialysis patients: Is it related to cardiovascular disease risk?
Aumento de renalasa sérica en pacientes de diálisis peritoneal: ¿está relacionado con el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular?
Ebru Gok Oguza,
Autor para correspondencia
ebrugokoguz@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Hadim Akoglua, Gulay Ulusal Okyaya, Guner Karaveli Gursoya, Tolga Yildirima, Ozgur Merhametsiza, Tolga Cimenb, Basol Canbakana, Ekrem Yeterb, M. Deniz Aylia
a Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
b Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of serum renalase levels between patients and healthy subjects&#46; Median serum renalase level was significantly higher in PD patients than in control group &#91;176&#46;5 &#40;100&#8211;278&#46;3&#41; vs 122 &#40;53&#46;3&#8211;170&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#93; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
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epicardial adipose tissue &#40;EAT&#41;&#44; the visceral adipose tissue surrounding the heart and subepicardial coronary vessels&#44; has been found to correlate with several cardiac comorbidities&#44; including coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis &#40;PD&#41; or hemodialysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a> The relation between EAT and CVD is not fully understood but has been attributed to the several proatherosclerotic and proinflammatory hormones and cytokines such as TNF-a&#44; IL-6&#44; and adipocytokines&#44; which are secreted from EAT and influence cardiac function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renalase&#44; a recently discovered enzyme with monoamine oxidase activity&#44; is implicated in degradation of catecholamines&#46; This suggests novel mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney diseases &#40;CKD&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Studies have demonstrated a stepwise increase in serum renalase concentration with higher stages of kidney disease and markedly increased serum renalase levels in patients with ESRD both on hemodialysis and PD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a> The present study aimed to evaluate the possible correlations of serum renalase levels with EAT thickness and other CVD risk factors in PD patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study population</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional study involving patients with ESRD older than 18 years old who received PD for at least 6 months &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41; in our outpatient peritoneal dialysis unit and 40 healthy controls&#46; Patients with structural heart disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; cardiac myopathy or pericardial disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; active infection &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&#44; or other chronic inflammatory conditions &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; were excluded&#46; Ultimately&#44; a total of 40 PD patients &#40;22 males and 18 females&#59; mean age&#44; 45&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;8 years&#41; were analyzed for the study&#46; All patients were on continuous ambulatory PD with four manual exchanges daily using 1500&#8211;2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml solutions&#46; Glucose concentrations of the solutions were adjusted depending on the patients&#8217; body fluid status&#46; When indicated&#44; the patients received icodextrin or nutritional treatment&#46; The dose of dialysis was prescribed to reach a weekly Kt&#47;V urea target of &#62;1&#46;7&#46; The control group included 40 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals &#40;22 males and 18 females&#59; mean age&#58; 44&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;9 years&#41; without any relevant systemic diseases&#46; All subjects gave written informed consent&#44; and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the local ethics committee&#46; The study was carried out in adherence to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection and laboratory measurements</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic findings of the patients were obtained from the patients&#8217; charts&#46; All subjects underwent blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; and anthropometric measurements &#40;height in cm&#44; body weight in kg&#41; and venous blood drawing&#46; Systolic and diastolic BPs of the participants were measured by using a sphygmomanometer with an appropriate cuff size with the subject in the sitting position after 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min or more of rest&#46; The mean value of three readings was used for the analysis&#46; Blood samples were obtained by trained personnel from all the participants via antecubital venipuncture after a 12-hour overnight fast&#46; Complete blood count&#44; serum albumin&#44; glucose&#44; creatinine&#44; parathormone &#40;PTH&#41;&#44; ferritin&#44; C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41;&#44; total cholesterol&#44; low density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; cholesterol&#44; triglycerides and high density lipoprotein &#40;HDL&#41; cholesterol levels were assessed in all the participants by using standard laboratory techniques for hospital use&#46; For measurement of renalase&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of venous blood specimens were obtained&#44; centrifuged at appropriate conditions and kept at &#8722;80 degrees for maximum 1 month&#46; The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; kit by Uscn Life Science Inc&#46; &#40;China&#41;&#44; using a monoclonal antibody specific to renalase&#44; was used&#46; Renalase levels are expressed in ng&#47;ml&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Measurement of LVH</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the participants underwent two dimensional M-mode transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography imaging with a Philips IE-33 system and S5-1 transducer &#40;1e5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mHz&#44; Philips&#44; Bothell&#44; WA&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Echocardiography was performed in all the participants by the same cardiologist&#46; In left lateral decubitis position from parasternal longaxis views&#44; standard M-mode measurements of interventricular septum thickness &#40;IVST&#41;&#44; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter &#40;LVEDD&#41;&#44; and left ventricular posterior wall thickness &#40;LVPWT&#41; were measured&#46; Left ventricular mass &#40;LVM&#41; was calculated by using the Penn Cube Conversion formula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LVM &#40;g&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;LVEDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IVST<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LVPWT&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;LVEDD&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;6&#46; LVM was divided by body surface area to find left ventricular mass index &#40;LVMI&#41;&#46; LVMI of &#62;131<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for men and &#62;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> for women was accepted as LVH&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Measurement of EAT thickness</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Epicardial adipose tissue was identified as the echo-free space between the outer wall of the myocardium and the visceral layer of the pericardium&#44; and its thickness was measured perpendicularly on the free wall of the right ventricle at the end-systole in three cardiac cycles&#46; Parasternal long- and short-axis views were used&#46; 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Categorical variables were compared with Chi-square test or Fischer Exact test&#44; where appropriate&#46; Pearson correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables with normal distribution and Spearman correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables which are not normally distributed&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 was considered significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The demographic and biochemical parameters of the PD patients and healthy subjects are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The groups were well-matched for age and gender&#46; BMI was significantly lower in the control group than in the PD patients&#46; As expected&#44; the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the PD patients than in the controls&#46; Renal function tests were in normal ranges in the healthy subjects&#46; Serum ferritin and PTH levels were significantly higher but hemoglobin&#44; serum albumin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the PD patients than in the control group&#46; Echocardiographic evaluations revealed significantly increased LVMI and EAT thickness in the PD patients compared to the controls &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Mean serum renalase was significantly higher in the PD patients than in the control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows correlations of renalase with cardiovascular risk factors in the PD patients&#46; Twenty patients &#40;50&#37;&#41; had residual renal function &#40;RRF&#41; and renalase levels were negatively correlated with RRF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;511&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41; in these patients&#46; Renalase was positively correlated with CRP &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;705&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; No correlation was observed between renalase and EAT thickness &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;81 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;618&#41; or LVMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;145&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;373&#41;&#46; Also&#44; renalase did not correlate with other CVD risk factors&#46; Interestingly&#44; there was a strong correlation between EAT thickness and LVMI in both the PD patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;848&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and the controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;640&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study revealed that increased serum renalase was closely correlated with residual renal function in the PD patients&#46; In agreement with this finding&#44; other studies also reported higher levels of serum renalase in PD and hemodialysis patients than in healthy volunteers&#44; which were correlated with residual renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;15&#44;16</span></a> Furthermore&#44; serum renalase levels were negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rates and increased in a graded fashion from CKD stage 2&#8211;5 in both CKD and kidney transplant patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> Since renalase is an amine oxidase that metabolizes circulating catecholamines and reduce their plasma levels&#44; experimental and genetic studies proposed a protective effect of renalase in regulation of blood pressure and development of cardiovascular complications in kidney disease patients&#46; A further link between polymorphisms in the renalase gene and the risk of development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases was also reported in these patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;19&#8211;21</span></a> In those studies&#44; measuring renalase levels by western blot using a polyclonal antibody resulted in marked renalase de&#64257;ciency in patients with end-stage renal disease&#46; On the contrary&#44; studies reported markedly increased levels when renalase was measured by ELISA in dialysis patients and kidney allograft recipients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;22&#44;23</span></a> The present study&#44; for the first time&#44; evaluated the possible association of serum renalase levels with cardiovascular risk factors in PD patients&#44; but could not demonstrate a significant correlation between renalase and LVH&#44; EAT thickness or hypertension&#46; Some points may explain why the relation between renalase and cardiovascular risk reported in experimental and genetic studies were not observed in the PD patients in the current study&#46; First&#44; it might have been due to the method used&#44; i&#46;e&#46; ELISA&#46; It has been speculated that ELISA may recognize epitopes undetected with original polyclonal antibody or accumulated renalase breakdown products or may cross- react with an unrelated epitope&#44; meaning that the measured level could be very high but unrelated to activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> However&#44; the manufacturers of the assay claim that only renalase 1 levels are measured&#44; and also there are no data on possible cross-reactivity&#46; Second&#44; as reported by Xu et al&#46;&#44; there can be renalase inhibitors in plasma and therefore&#44; activation of renalase can be very low and unremarkable although the enzyme levels are high&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Finally&#44; renalase is secreted not only by the kidney&#44; but also by cardiomyocytes&#44; liver and adipose tissue&#44; thus&#44; in the case of ESRD&#44; other organs and tissues may oversecrete renalase&#44; thus leading to very high serum levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; renalase was found to be closely correlated with CRP&#46; There have been few studies showing a relation between renalase and inflammation&#46; Qi et al&#46; reported that serum renalase levels were correlated with disease activity in lupus nephritis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> They found that renalase had a positive correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate but a negative correlation with albumin&#46; Among heart transplant recipients&#44; renalase was correlated weakly with time after transplantation and TRAIL &#40;TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand&#41;&#59; and strongly with kidney function&#44; IL-6 and Von Willebrand factor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> To the best of our knowledge&#44; this is the first report describing a relation between renalase and CRP in PD patients&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study&#44; for the first time&#44; demonstrated a close association between EAT thickness and LVMI in the PD patients&#46; Interestingly&#44; similar relation was also true in the control group&#46; Consistent with the present study&#44; Iacobellis et al&#46; reported a strong relation between echocardiographic EAT and LVM in healthy subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> To explain this association&#44; they proposed that increased visceral fat could have directly affected left ventricular output and stroke volume to perfuse the increased body mass&#46; An interesting point about the findings of the present study was that although a significant correlation was found between EAT thickness and LVMI in the controls&#44; this correlation was even stronger in the PD patients&#46; Despite the presence of other factors including anemia&#44; inflammation&#44; hypervolemia&#44; hypertension and activation of the renin-angiotension system as causes of LVH in the PD patients&#44; which are not seen in the healthy individuals&#44; this stronger correlation may suggest EAT thickness as an important factor in development of LVH in PD&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are some limitations of the present study&#46; First&#44; this is a single-center study with a relatively small patient population&#46; Second&#44; the causal and effect relationship cannot be suggested due to its cross-sectional design&#46; Therefore&#44; a multi-center&#44; prospective trial is needed to confirm the conclusions&#46; Third&#44; serum renalase levels were measured&#44; but serum renalase activity was not&#44; which could have eliminated the concerns on clinical usage of renalase levels&#46; However&#44; interpretation of data on renalase activity is rather difficult due to the growing criticism on potential monoamine oxidase activity of renalase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; this study indicates that renalase is not related with EAT thickness or LVH&#44; but closely associated with inflammation in PD patients&#46; Better standardization of methods for measurement of renalase or its activity in serum may clarify the role of renalase in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in patients with ESRD&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Funding</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No funding&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Authorship</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each author has contributed substantially to the research&#44; preparation and production of the paper and approves of its submission to the journal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Measurement of LVH"
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            2 => "Left ventricular hypertrophy"
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            0 => "Prote&#237;na C reactiva"
            1 => "Espesor del tejido adiposo epic&#225;rdico"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Renalase&#44; with possible monoamine oxidase activity&#44; is implicated in degradation of catecholamines&#59; which suggests novel mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney diseases&#46; Epicardial adipose tissue &#40;EAT&#41; has been found to correlate with cardiovascular diseases &#40;CVD&#41; in dialysis patients&#46; The present study aimed to evaluate the association of serum renalase levels with EAT thickness and other CVD risk factors in peritoneal dialysis &#40;PD&#41; patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 40 PD patients and 40 healthy controls&#46; All subjects underwent blood pressure and anthropometric measurements&#46; Serum renalase was assessed by using a commercially available assay&#46; Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure EAT thickness and left ventricular mass index &#40;LVMI&#41; in all subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The median serum renalase level was significantly higher in the PD patients than in the control group &#91;176&#46;5 &#40;100&#8211;278&#46;3&#41; vs 122 &#40;53&#46;3&#8211;170&#46;0&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#93; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Renalase was positively correlated with C-reactive protein &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;705&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and negatively correlated with RRF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;511&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41;&#46; No correlation was observed between renalase and EAT thickness or LVMI&#46; There was a strong correlation between EAT thickness and LVMI in both the PD patients and the controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;848&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;640&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001 respectively&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study indicates that renalase is associated with CRP and residual renal function but not with EAT thickness as CVD risk factors in PD patients&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La renalasa&#44; posiblemente con actividad monoaminooxidasa&#44; est&#225; implicada en la degradaci&#243;n de catecolaminas&#44; lo que indica nuevos mecanismos de complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con enfermedades renales cr&#243;nicas&#46; Se ha encontrado que el tejido adiposo epic&#225;rdico &#40;TAE&#41; se correlaciona con las enfermedades cardiovasculares &#40;ECV&#41; en pacientes de di&#225;lisis&#46; El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociaci&#243;n de los niveles de renalasa s&#233;rica con el espesor del EAT y otros factores de riesgo de ECV en pacientes de di&#225;lisis peritoneal &#40;DP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio incluy&#243; a 40 pacientes de DP y a 40 controles sanos&#46; Se tomaron la presi&#243;n arterial y las medidas antropom&#233;tricas de todos los individuos&#46; Se evalu&#243; la renalasa s&#233;rica mediante un ensayo disponible comercialmente&#46; Se utiliz&#243; la ecocardiograf&#237;a transtor&#225;cica para medir el espesor del TAE y el &#237;ndice de masa ventricular izquierda &#40;IMVI&#41; en todos los individuos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mediana del nivel de renalasa s&#233;rica fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes de DP que en el grupo control &#40;176&#44;5 &#91;100-278&#44;3&#93; frente a 122 &#91;5&#44;3-170&#44;0&#93; ng&#47;ml&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La renalasa se correlacion&#243; positivamente con la prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;705&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y negativamente con la FRR &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;511&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;021&#41;&#46; No se observ&#243; correlaci&#243;n entre la renalasa y el espesor del TAE ni el IMVI&#46; Hubo una fuerte correlaci&#243;n entre el espesor del TAE y el IMVI tanto en los pacientes de DP como en los controles &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;848&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 y r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;640&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio indica que la renalasa est&#225; asociada con la prote&#237;na C reactiva y la funci&#243;n renal residual&#44; pero no con el espesor del TAE&#44; como factores de riesgo de ECV en pacientes de DP&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Categorical data are presented as frequencies and percentages&#59; continuous variables are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviations or median and interquartile ranges &#40;IQR&#58; the range of values lying between 25th and 75th centiles&#41; depending on their distributions&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; BMI&#44; body mass index&#59; Cr&#44; creatinine&#59; DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure&#59; DM&#44; diabetes mellitus&#59; EATT&#44; epicardial adipose tissue thickness&#59; HDL-C&#44; high density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; LDL-C&#44; low density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; LVMI&#44; left ventricular mass index&#59; PD&#44; peritoneal dialysis&#59; PTH&#44; parathyroid hormone&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure&#59; TC&#44; total cholesterol&#59; TG&#44; triglyceride&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PD patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;841&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender &#40;male&#44; n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presence of DM &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Use of anti-hypertensive agents &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atherosclerotic cardiac disease &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stroke &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smoking &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time on PD &#40;month&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>56&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cause of CKD &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glomerulonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Polycystic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic pyelonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unknown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">125 &#40;100&#8211;135&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">110 &#40;100&#8211;120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78 &#40;70&#8211;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;60&#8211;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kt&#47;V</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;12 &#40;1&#46;98&#8211;2&#46;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Residual renal function &#40;ml&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;12 &#40;0&#8211; 1&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;10&#8211;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;13&#8211;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Glucose &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84 &#40;78&#8211;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88 &#40;78&#8211;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;576&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Albumin &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;9 &#40;3&#46;5&#8211;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;6 &#40;4&#46;2&#8211;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cr &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3 &#40;6&#46;8&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8 &#40;0&#46;7&#8211;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ferritin &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">220 &#40;110&#8211;338&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;45&#8211;120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PTH &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">414 &#40;205&#8211;660&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;37&#8211;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TC &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">185 &#40;143&#8211;218&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">187 &#40;167&#8211;198&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;950&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147 &#40;135&#8211;180&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;675&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;51 &#40;0&#46;42&#8211;0&#46;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;24 &#40;0&#46;20&#8211;0&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LVMI &#40;g&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">155 &#40;116&#8211;212&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95 &#40;89&#8211;111&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; CRP&#44; C-reactive protein&#59; DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure&#59; EATT&#44; epicardial adipose tissue thickness&#59; LVMI&#44; left ventricular mass index&#59; PD&#44; peritoneal dialysis&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;059&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;978&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;109&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;503&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;675&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;948&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;705&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;145&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;373&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EATT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;618&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation analysis of renalase with cardiovascular risk factors in PD patients&#46;</p>"
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    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                            1 => "O&#46; Gungor"
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            3 => array:3 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.061"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Turkmen"
                            1 => "H&#46; Kayikcioglu"
                            2 => "O&#46; Ozbek"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Solak"
                            4 => "M&#46; Kayrak"
                            5 => "C&#46; Samur"
                          ]
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                  ]
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                      ]
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            ]
            6 => array:3 [
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Peri-aortic fat tissue thickness in peritoneal dialysis patients"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Turkmen"
                            1 => "O&#46; Ozbek"
                            2 => "M&#46; Kayrak"
                            3 => "C&#46; Samur"
                            4 => "I&#46; Guler"
                            5 => "H&#46;Z&#46; Tonbul"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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