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del sistema sanitario y de la propia medicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El incumplimiento de la medicaci&#243;n es a&#250;n m&#225;s llamativa en los quelantes&#44; y es posiblemente la causa principal de la falta de control del f&#243;sforo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; Diversos trabajos muestran como el control del f&#243;sforo mejora con las estrategias educacionales&#44; al mejorar la adherencia a las recomendaciones de la dieta y de la medicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a>&#46; A pesar de los elevados precios de los nuevos quelantes&#44; m&#225;s eficaces&#44; muy pocos trabajos han abordado los aspectos econ&#243;micos derivados de una menor necesidad de ellos asociadas al mejor cumplimiento&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos planteamos medir si las actividades educativas mejoraban la adherencia a la medicaci&#243;n&#44; el control del f&#243;sforo y corroborar si esto se asocia a una menor necesidad de quelantes y ahorro del gasto farmac&#233;utico&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una poblaci&#243;n de pacientes en hemodi&#225;lisis y di&#225;lisis peritoneal medimos&#44; el grado de control del f&#243;sforo&#44; el nivel de adherencia a la medicaci&#243;n mediante 2 escalas diferentes &#40;Morisky de 8 &#237;tems y SMAQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#44; los conocimientos sobre la dieta y el tratamiento mediante encuesta de 6 &#237;tems&#44; la necesidad de quelantes medida como n&#250;mero de quelantes y dosis prescrita de cada quelante &#40;carbonato-acetato c&#225;lcico&#44; hidr&#243;xido de aluminio&#44; clorhidrato-carbonato de sevelamer y carbonato de lantano&#41;&#46; Las escalas de adherencia usadas han sido validadas previamente en pacientes cr&#243;nicos y en di&#225;lisis&#46; Permiten clasificar a los pacientes en cumplidores y no cumplidores&#44; pero tambi&#233;n permite su uso a modo de variable continua otorgando una puntuaci&#243;n a cada uno de los &#237;tems incluidas las cuestiones planteadas en modo escala de Likert&#46; La escala Morisky otorga una mayor puntuaci&#243;n cuanto mejor es la adherencia&#44; y la escala SMAQ concede una puntuaci&#243;n menor cuanto mejor es el cumplimiento&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Llevamos a cabo una intervenci&#243;n educacional&#44; en forma de taller en grupo&#44; abordando las consecuencias cl&#237;nicas de no controlar el f&#243;sforo&#44; identificaci&#243;n de la medicaci&#243;n quelante&#44; formas adecuadas de administraci&#243;n&#44; identificaci&#243;n de alimentos con alto contenido en f&#243;sforo y consejos para reducir la ingesta del mismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tres meses despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n volvimos a medir de nuevo todos los par&#225;metros comentados&#46; Recogimos datos de 35 pacientes con una edad media de 59&#44;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;9&#44; 18 en hemodi&#225;lisis &#40;HD&#41; y 17 en peritoneal &#40;DP&#41;&#44; 43&#37; mujeres&#44; 47&#37; diab&#233;ticos&#44; con un tiempo en di&#225;lisis de 54&#44;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>82&#44;9 meses&#46; Los resultados del estudio se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Como se observa&#44; 3 meses despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n&#44; las cifras de f&#243;sforo se hab&#237;an reducido de forma significativa &#40;5&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;5 vs&#46; 4&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;4&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de pacientes con el f&#243;sforo controlado pas&#243; del 40 al 71&#37;&#46; Salvo una discret&#237;sima reducci&#243;n en cifras de prote&#237;nas y alb&#250;mina&#44; ning&#250;n otro par&#225;metro bioqu&#237;mico se modific&#243;&#46; El grado de cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacol&#243;gico mejor&#243; tanto de forma general medido por Morisky&#44; como el cumplimiento de quelantes medido por SMAQ&#46; Tambi&#233;n mejor&#243; de forma significativa el n&#250;mero de errores en el test de conocimientos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este mejor control condujo a una reducci&#243;n en el n&#250;mero de quelantes y en la dosis prescrita&#46; El cambio de dosis de quelantes y el gasto mensual se expone en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; Se redujo el n&#250;mero de quelantes prescritos por paciente&#44; las dosis necesarias fueron menores&#44; sobre todo en quelantes c&#225;lcicos y en sevelamer&#46; El ahorro mensual en el tratamiento de 35 pacientes fue de m&#225;s de 6&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#44; con un mejor control de las cifras de f&#243;sforo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La educaci&#243;n de los pacientes y la alianza terap&#233;utica en el proceso de prescripci&#243;n&#44; no solo son eficaces&#44; sino tambi&#233;n coste-efectivas&#46; La &#250;nica limitaci&#243;n de las estrategias educacionales es que requieren ser repetitivas y continuas&#44; o su eficacia se ve mermada con el paso del tiempo&#46; Cada d&#237;a resulta m&#225;s evidente la necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinar que implique no solo a m&#233;dicos y enfermeras&#44; sino que debe incorporar a las unidades de di&#225;lisis a dietistas y nutricionistas capaces de programar y llevar a cabo estas actividades formativas de modo continuo&#46; Si con una acci&#243;n puntual sobre 35 pacientes se logra un ahorro mensual de 6&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364; &#191;Cu&#225;nto se puede conseguir mejorando la formaci&#243;n de todos los pacientes sobre quelantes&#44; 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Carta al Director
Las estrategias de educación a pacientes son coste efectivas: reduzca el fósforo ahorrando 200€ al mes por paciente
Educating your patient helps to control serum phosphate and also save 200 euros per patient
José R. Rodriguez-Palomaresa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
athelas36@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Maria Carmen Japaz Cancinoc, Luis Blazquez Colladoa, Ruth Fiallos Criolloa, Paola Milena Villabon Ochoaa, Marta Sanchez Herasa,b, Maria Angeles Basterrecheaa, Gabriel de Arriba de la Fuentea,b
a Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España
b Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
c Unidad de Nefrología y Hemodiálisis, Clínica Fuensanta, Madrid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los pacientes en di&#225;lisis&#44; los mecanismos de control del f&#243;sforo se limitan a 3&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> la eliminaci&#243;n del f&#243;sforo mediante di&#225;lisis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> el tratamiento quelante y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3&#41;</span> las restricciones diet&#233;ticas&#46; La eliminaci&#243;n de f&#243;sforo mediante di&#225;lisis se ha mostrado &#250;til pero insuficiente&#44; los otros 2 mecanismos requieren de la adherencia de los pacientes al tratamiento prescrito<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La falta de adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes cr&#243;nicos es muy frecuente&#44; multifactorial e implica factores del paciente&#44; de la enfermedad&#44; del sistema sanitario y de la propia medicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El incumplimiento de la medicaci&#243;n es a&#250;n m&#225;s llamativa en los quelantes&#44; y es posiblemente la causa principal de la falta de control del f&#243;sforo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; Diversos trabajos muestran como el control del f&#243;sforo mejora con las estrategias educacionales&#44; al mejorar la adherencia a las recomendaciones de la dieta y de la medicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a>&#46; A pesar de los elevados precios de los nuevos quelantes&#44; m&#225;s eficaces&#44; muy pocos trabajos han abordado los aspectos econ&#243;micos derivados de una menor necesidad de ellos asociadas al mejor cumplimiento&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos planteamos medir si las actividades educativas mejoraban la adherencia a la medicaci&#243;n&#44; el control del f&#243;sforo y corroborar si esto se asocia a una menor necesidad de quelantes y ahorro del gasto farmac&#233;utico&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una poblaci&#243;n de pacientes en hemodi&#225;lisis y di&#225;lisis peritoneal medimos&#44; el grado de control del f&#243;sforo&#44; el nivel de adherencia a la medicaci&#243;n mediante 2 escalas diferentes &#40;Morisky de 8 &#237;tems y SMAQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#44; los conocimientos sobre la dieta y el tratamiento mediante encuesta de 6 &#237;tems&#44; la necesidad de quelantes medida como n&#250;mero de quelantes y dosis prescrita de cada quelante &#40;carbonato-acetato c&#225;lcico&#44; hidr&#243;xido de aluminio&#44; clorhidrato-carbonato de sevelamer y carbonato de lantano&#41;&#46; Las escalas de adherencia usadas han sido validadas previamente en pacientes cr&#243;nicos y en di&#225;lisis&#46; Permiten clasificar a los pacientes en cumplidores y no cumplidores&#44; pero tambi&#233;n permite su uso a modo de variable continua otorgando una puntuaci&#243;n a cada uno de los &#237;tems incluidas las cuestiones planteadas en modo escala de Likert&#46; La escala Morisky otorga una mayor puntuaci&#243;n cuanto mejor es la adherencia&#44; y la escala SMAQ concede una puntuaci&#243;n menor cuanto mejor es el cumplimiento&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Llevamos a cabo una intervenci&#243;n educacional&#44; en forma de taller en grupo&#44; abordando las consecuencias cl&#237;nicas de no controlar el f&#243;sforo&#44; identificaci&#243;n de la medicaci&#243;n quelante&#44; formas adecuadas de administraci&#243;n&#44; identificaci&#243;n de alimentos con alto contenido en f&#243;sforo y consejos para reducir la ingesta del mismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tres meses despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n volvimos a medir de nuevo todos los par&#225;metros comentados&#46; Recogimos datos de 35 pacientes con una edad media de 59&#44;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;9&#44; 18 en hemodi&#225;lisis &#40;HD&#41; y 17 en peritoneal &#40;DP&#41;&#44; 43&#37; mujeres&#44; 47&#37; diab&#233;ticos&#44; con un tiempo en di&#225;lisis de 54&#44;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>82&#44;9 meses&#46; Los resultados del estudio se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Como se observa&#44; 3 meses despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n&#44; las cifras de f&#243;sforo se hab&#237;an reducido de forma significativa &#40;5&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;5 vs&#46; 4&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;4&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de pacientes con el f&#243;sforo controlado pas&#243; del 40 al 71&#37;&#46; Salvo una discret&#237;sima reducci&#243;n en cifras de prote&#237;nas y alb&#250;mina&#44; ning&#250;n otro par&#225;metro bioqu&#237;mico se modific&#243;&#46; El grado de cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacol&#243;gico mejor&#243; tanto de forma general medido por Morisky&#44; como el cumplimiento de quelantes medido por SMAQ&#46; Tambi&#233;n mejor&#243; de forma significativa el n&#250;mero de errores en el test de conocimientos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este mejor control condujo a una reducci&#243;n en el n&#250;mero de quelantes y en la dosis prescrita&#46; El cambio de dosis de quelantes y el gasto mensual se expone en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; Se redujo el n&#250;mero de quelantes prescritos por paciente&#44; las dosis necesarias fueron menores&#44; sobre todo en quelantes c&#225;lcicos y en sevelamer&#46; El ahorro mensual en el tratamiento de 35 pacientes fue de m&#225;s de 6&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#44; con un mejor control de las cifras de f&#243;sforo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La educaci&#243;n de los pacientes y la alianza terap&#233;utica en el proceso de prescripci&#243;n&#44; no solo son eficaces&#44; sino tambi&#233;n coste-efectivas&#46; La &#250;nica limitaci&#243;n de las estrategias educacionales es que requieren ser repetitivas y continuas&#44; o su eficacia se ve mermada con el paso del tiempo&#46; Cada d&#237;a resulta m&#225;s evidente la necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinar que implique no solo a m&#233;dicos y enfermeras&#44; sino que debe incorporar a las unidades de di&#225;lisis a dietistas y nutricionistas capaces de programar y llevar a cabo estas actividades formativas de modo continuo&#46; Si con una acci&#243;n puntual sobre 35 pacientes se logra un ahorro mensual de 6&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364; &#191;Cu&#225;nto se puede conseguir mejorando la formaci&#243;n de todos los pacientes sobre quelantes&#44; 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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02116995
Idioma original: Español
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2020 Octubre 49 29 78
2020 Septiembre 35 18 53
2020 Agosto 42 12 54
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2020 Mayo 53 22 75
2020 Abril 55 21 76
2020 Marzo 39 23 62
2020 Febrero 70 31 101
2020 Enero 50 25 75
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2019 Noviembre 58 27 85
2019 Octubre 61 21 82
2019 Septiembre 91 27 118
2019 Agosto 36 26 62
2019 Julio 33 16 49
2019 Junio 35 25 60
2019 Mayo 35 18 53
2019 Abril 59 33 92
2019 Marzo 44 34 78
2019 Febrero 40 26 66
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2018 Septiembre 116 23 139
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2018 Mayo 87 13 100
2018 Abril 92 22 114
2018 Marzo 118 18 136
2018 Febrero 74 17 91
2018 Enero 59 15 74
2017 Diciembre 73 17 90
2017 Noviembre 99 13 112
2017 Octubre 78 13 91
2017 Septiembre 80 20 100
2017 Agosto 64 28 92
2017 Julio 71 22 93
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