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a trial of colchicine was implemented but had to be stopped due to diarrhea&#46; Renal function &#40;RF&#41; was sustainably preserved and the proteinuria spontaneously remitted&#46; Throughout time she had long-lasting&#44; moderate gastrointestinal symptoms with evidence of mild endoscopic inflammation&#46; In 2015 she developed once more disabling proteinuria with normal RF and a diagnostic workup corroborated the clinical impression of recurrence of her amyloidosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; An endoscopic review exhibited mild disease and&#44; in addition to messalazine and prednisone&#44; she was started on azathioprine&#44; which had to be suspended due to pancreatitis&#46; Therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was initiated but not tolerated&#59; albumin-plus-furosemide infusion led merely to temporary improvement&#46; A decision to deteriorate RF to decrease proteinuria was attempted&#58; indomethacin led to acute renal dysfunction but didn&#8217;t significantly improved proteinuria&#46; Hemodialysis was started but had to be interrupted due to hemodynamic instability&#46; After a multidisciplinary consultation&#44; she underwent a bilateral nephrectomy&#46; Post-operatively&#44; serum albumin and postural symptoms gradually improved with subsequent better hemodialysis tolerance&#46; Histology revealed extensive amyloid deposits &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and immunohistochemical staining was positive for AA amyloid&#46; Nutritional and functional status gradually improved&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AAA in the setting of UC is a rarity and typically&#44; severe gastrointestinal illness precedes the development of amyloidosis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> however this was not the case in our patient&#44; who had a long standing&#44; though mild disease&#46; We speculate that the ongoing activity and the prolonged duration may have had a role&#59; nevertheless&#44; an additional contribution from the tuberculosis cannot be ruled out&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another peculiar aspect is the spontaneous remission of the patient&#39;s NS&#46; Improvement of amyloidosis manifestations is extensively documented in the context of remission of the underlying disease&#44; but spontaneous regression is extremely unlikely&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with large proteinuria due to AAA can experience a life-threatening cachexic state with massive edema&#44; respiratory distress and infectious complications&#44; along with a poor functional status and a reduced quality-of-life&#46; Up to the present&#44; AAA has no specific treatment and despite the development of novel therapies &#40;eprodisate&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> targeting the formation&#47;stability of fibrils&#44; the current available approach is to treat the underlying condition and thereby reduce the amyloid production&#46; Nevertheless&#44; this goal is not always achieved and the management of proteinuria can be challenging&#44; resorting&#44; in intractable cases like ours&#44; to renal ablation&#46; Medical ablation&#44; with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> has been attempted&#59; bilateral renal artery embolization is an alternative&#44; although frequently complicated by a &#8216;post-infarction syndrome&#8217;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Recently&#44; bilateral ureteral ligation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> has been described&#44; but the experience is limited and can induce persistent loin pain and ascending infections&#46; Surgical nephrectomy is another option&#58; although laparoscopic surgery is a less invasive procedure than an open nephrectomy&#44; it precludes the chance for peritoneal dialysis and&#44; consequently&#44; we elected a bilateral nephrectomy by lombotomy&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histological examination of the kidneys revealed extensive presence of AA amyloid deposits comprising the glomeruli&#44; the blood vessels and the interstitium&#44; an infrequent finding in the review by Hopfer et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> who reported interstitium involvement in only 5&#46;9&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AAA has a major impact in patient&#39;s quality of life&#58; Esteve et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> reported that in 1&#47;3 of the patients&#44; dialysis was not performed due to their poor clinical condition and disturbing quality of life&#46; Bilateral nephrectomy in our patient&#44; led to an improvement in hemodynamic stability allowing hemodialysis to be accomplished&#46; Additionally&#44; her functional and nutritional status enhanced gradually&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radical bilateral nephrectomy may be considered in seriously ill patients with nephrotic syndrome and disabling complications of proteinuria&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histological examination of the kidneys&#46; &#40;A&#41; Glomerular nodular deposits of amyloid stained with Congo red&#46; &#40;B&#41; Amyloid showing typical apple-green birefringence under polarized light&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Result&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference range&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#8211;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Leukocytes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Platelets &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&#8211;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">C-reactive protein &#40;mg&#47;L&#47;sedimentation rate 1st h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#47;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;5&#47;0&#8211;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total protein&#47;albumin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;4&#8211;8&#46;3&#47;3&#46;5&#8211;5&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AST&#47;ALT&#47;LDH &#40;U&#47;L&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;18&#47;205&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#8211;34&#47;&#60;55&#47;110&#8211;220&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fasting glucose&#47;total bilirubin &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&#47;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&#8211;110&#47;0&#46;2&#8211;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&#47;LDL&#47;HDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">270&#47;169&#47;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;200&#47;&#60;100&#47;&#8805;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urea&#47;creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#47;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#8211;43&#47;0&#46;6&#8211;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urinalysis&#47;24 hours protein &#40;mg&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#43; proteinuria&#47;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>538&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#43;&#47;&#60;300&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Serum immunoelectrophoresis&#47;serum kappa-lambda ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absence of monoclonal gammopathy&#47;normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urinary electrophoresis&#47;urinary immunoelectrophoresis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Albumin<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#37; and gamma globulin<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#37;&#47;no band suggestive of monoclonality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tests for hepatitis B and C&#44; HIV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&#44; and syphilis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Negative&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANA&#44; anti-dsDNA and ANCA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> antibodies&#59; C3 and C4 complement levels&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Serum amyloide A &#40;mg&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "M&#46; Khalighi"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wallace"
                            2 => "M&#46; Palma-Diaz"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0060"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.crohns.2009.11.009"
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                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; Cabezuelo"
                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; Egea"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2012.Feb.11332"
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                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; Frommer"
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Letter to the Editor
When kidneys are no longer a friend: An “out of the box” management for an unexpected evolution of an uncommon disease
Cuando los riñones dejan de ser un amigo: Una gestión “fuera de la caja” de una evolución imprevista de una enfermedad poco común
Sandra Silvaa,
Autor para correspondencia
oliveirasilva.sandra@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ricardo Pereirab, Ivo Cunhab, Carlos Ferreirac, Ana Brancoa, Eduardo Eirasb, Mrinalini Honavard, Joana Simõesb, Teresa Santosa, Teresa Chuvaa, José Costaa
a Nephrology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Porto, Portugal
b Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Porto, Portugal
c Urology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Porto, Portugal
d Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Porto, Portugal
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            "entidad" => "Pathology&#44; Hospital Pedro Hispano&#44; Porto&#44; Portugal"
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        "titulo" => "Cuando los ri&#241;ones dejan de ser un amigo&#58; Una gesti&#243;n &#8220;fuera de la caja&#8221; de una evoluci&#243;n imprevista de una enfermedad poco com&#250;n"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histological examination of the kidneys&#46; &#40;A&#41; Glomerular nodular deposits of amyloid stained with Congo red&#46; &#40;B&#41; Amyloid showing typical apple-green birefringence under polarized light&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AA amyloidosis &#40;AAA&#41; is one of most severe complications of chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases and may induce nephrotic syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Its association with Crohn&#39;s disease has been regularly reported&#44; but amyloidosis complicating ulcerative colitis &#40;UC&#41; has been described only exceptionally&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report a case of a 58-year-old woman who was admitted with anasarca and nephrotic syndrome &#40;NS&#41;&#46; Relevant medical history included UC&#44; gangrenous pyoderma and a tuberculous empyema&#46; In 2002&#44; a NS was identified and a renal biopsy displayed the diagnosis of AAA&#46; In addition to treatment with 5-aminosalicylic-acid&#44; a trial of colchicine was implemented but had to be stopped due to diarrhea&#46; Renal function &#40;RF&#41; was sustainably preserved and the proteinuria spontaneously remitted&#46; Throughout time she had long-lasting&#44; moderate gastrointestinal symptoms with evidence of mild endoscopic inflammation&#46; In 2015 she developed once more disabling proteinuria with normal RF and a diagnostic workup corroborated the clinical impression of recurrence of her amyloidosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; An endoscopic review exhibited mild disease and&#44; in addition to messalazine and prednisone&#44; she was started on azathioprine&#44; which had to be suspended due to pancreatitis&#46; Therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was initiated but not tolerated&#59; albumin-plus-furosemide infusion led merely to temporary improvement&#46; A decision to deteriorate RF to decrease proteinuria was attempted&#58; indomethacin led to acute renal dysfunction but didn&#8217;t significantly improved proteinuria&#46; Hemodialysis was started but had to be interrupted due to hemodynamic instability&#46; After a multidisciplinary consultation&#44; she underwent a bilateral nephrectomy&#46; Post-operatively&#44; serum albumin and postural symptoms gradually improved with subsequent better hemodialysis tolerance&#46; Histology revealed extensive amyloid deposits &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and immunohistochemical staining was positive for AA amyloid&#46; Nutritional and functional status gradually improved&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AAA in the setting of UC is a rarity and typically&#44; severe gastrointestinal illness precedes the development of amyloidosis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> however this was not the case in our patient&#44; who had a long standing&#44; though mild disease&#46; We speculate that the ongoing activity and the prolonged duration may have had a role&#59; nevertheless&#44; an additional contribution from the tuberculosis cannot be ruled out&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another peculiar aspect is the spontaneous remission of the patient&#39;s NS&#46; Improvement of amyloidosis manifestations is extensively documented in the context of remission of the underlying disease&#44; but spontaneous regression is extremely unlikely&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with large proteinuria due to AAA can experience a life-threatening cachexic state with massive edema&#44; respiratory distress and infectious complications&#44; along with a poor functional status and a reduced quality-of-life&#46; Up to the present&#44; AAA has no specific treatment and despite the development of novel therapies &#40;eprodisate&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> targeting the formation&#47;stability of fibrils&#44; the current available approach is to treat the underlying condition and thereby reduce the amyloid production&#46; Nevertheless&#44; this goal is not always achieved and the management of proteinuria can be challenging&#44; resorting&#44; in intractable cases like ours&#44; to renal ablation&#46; Medical ablation&#44; with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> has been attempted&#59; bilateral renal artery embolization is an alternative&#44; although frequently complicated by a &#8216;post-infarction syndrome&#8217;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Recently&#44; bilateral ureteral ligation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> has been described&#44; but the experience is limited and can induce persistent loin pain and ascending infections&#46; Surgical nephrectomy is another option&#58; although laparoscopic surgery is a less invasive procedure than an open nephrectomy&#44; it precludes the chance for peritoneal dialysis and&#44; consequently&#44; we elected a bilateral nephrectomy by lombotomy&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histological examination of the kidneys revealed extensive presence of AA amyloid deposits comprising the glomeruli&#44; the blood vessels and the interstitium&#44; an infrequent finding in the review by Hopfer et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> who reported interstitium involvement in only 5&#46;9&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AAA has a major impact in patient&#39;s quality of life&#58; Esteve et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> reported that in 1&#47;3 of the patients&#44; dialysis was not performed due to their poor clinical condition and disturbing quality of life&#46; Bilateral nephrectomy in our patient&#44; led to an improvement in hemodynamic stability allowing hemodialysis to be accomplished&#46; Additionally&#44; her functional and nutritional status enhanced gradually&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radical bilateral nephrectomy may be considered in seriously ill patients with nephrotic syndrome and disabling complications of proteinuria&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histological examination of the kidneys&#46; &#40;A&#41; Glomerular nodular deposits of amyloid stained with Congo red&#46; &#40;B&#41; Amyloid showing typical apple-green birefringence under polarized light&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Result&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference range&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#8211;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Leukocytes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#8211;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Platelets &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&#8211;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">C-reactive protein &#40;mg&#47;L&#47;sedimentation rate 1st h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#47;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;5&#47;0&#8211;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total protein&#47;albumin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;4&#47;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;4&#8211;8&#46;3&#47;3&#46;5&#8211;5&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AST&#47;ALT&#47;LDH &#40;U&#47;L&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;18&#47;205&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#8211;34&#47;&#60;55&#47;110&#8211;220&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fasting glucose&#47;total bilirubin &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&#47;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&#8211;110&#47;0&#46;2&#8211;1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&#47;LDL&#47;HDL cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">270&#47;169&#47;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;200&#47;&#60;100&#47;&#8805;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urea&#47;creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#47;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&#8211;43&#47;0&#46;6&#8211;1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urinalysis&#47;24 hours protein &#40;mg&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#43; proteinuria&#47;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>538&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#43;&#47;&#60;300&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Serum immunoelectrophoresis&#47;serum kappa-lambda ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absence of monoclonal gammopathy&#47;normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urinary electrophoresis&#47;urinary immunoelectrophoresis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Albumin<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#37; and gamma globulin<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#37;&#47;no band suggestive of monoclonality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tests for hepatitis B and C&#44; HIV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&#44; and syphilis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Negative&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ANA&#44; anti-dsDNA and ANCA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> antibodies&#59; C3 and C4 complement levels&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Serum amyloide A &#40;mg&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">ANA&#58; antinuclear antibodies&#44; anti-dsDNA&#58; anti-double stranded DNA antibodies&#44; ANCA&#58; antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory tests results&#46;</p>"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Amyloid nephropathy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Khalighi"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wallace"
                            2 => "M&#46; Palma-Diaz"
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                        ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/ckj/sfu021"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Kidney J"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "97"
                        "paginaFinal" => "106"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852856"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
                ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Systemic amyloidosis in inflammatory bowel disease&#58; retrospective study on its prevalence&#44; clinical presentation&#44; and outcome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Serra"
                            1 => "B&#46; Oller"
                            2 => "M&#46; Ma&#241;osa"
                            3 => "J&#46;E&#46; Naves"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Zabana"
                            5 => "E&#46; Cabr&#233;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.crohns.2009.11.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Crohns Colitis"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "269"
                        "paginaFinal" => "274"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21122515"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utilidad del infliximab en el tratamiento de la amiloidosis secundaria en la enfermedad de Crohn"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; Cabezuelo"
                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; Egea"
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Idiomas
Nefrología