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especialmente de tabaquismo&#44; de obesidad y de diabetes&#44; favorece el desarrollo de ECV&#44; por lo que es muy importante su detecci&#243;n y control&#46; La Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud considera que el 75&#37; de las muertes por ECV se podr&#237;an evitar con cambios adecuados en el estilo de vida y la modificaci&#243;n de los factores de riesgo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; La detecci&#243;n precoz de los pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular es&#44; por tanto&#44; un objetivo de gran importancia en este contexto&#46; En este sentido&#44; el cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario &#40;CACU&#41; alterado ha mostrado ser un marcador precoz de la morbimortalidad cardiovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre los mecanismos implicados entre el CACU alterado y la ECV&#44; cabe destacar una disfunci&#243;n endotelial tanto a nivel microvascular &#40;disminuci&#243;n del &#243;xido n&#237;trico&#44; aumento de factor von Willebrand&#44; factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular&#44; dimetilarginina asim&#233;trica &#91;ADMA&#93;&#41; como macrovascular &#40;dilataci&#243;n de los vasos&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Este da&#241;o es debido en parte a la inflamaci&#243;n del endotelio de la microvasculatura&#44; que a su vez favorece el ac&#250;mulo de l&#237;pidos y el desarrollo de aterosclerosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La inflamaci&#243;n desempe&#241;a un papel protagonista en la fisiopatolog&#237;a de enfermedades consideradas no inflamatorias&#44; como el c&#225;ncer o la aterosclerosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-11</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> La determinaci&#243;n de leucocitos circulantes de sangre perif&#233;rica es un m&#233;todo barato y sencillo&#44; de disponibilidad generalizada&#44; que permite evaluar la presencia de inflamaci&#243;n&#46; Entre los diversos par&#225;metros leucocitarios&#44; el cociente entre el n&#250;mero absoluto de neutr&#243;filos y el n&#250;mero absoluto de linfocitos &#40;&#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito &#91;INL&#93;&#41; se asocia de forma significativa a los niveles de citocinas proinflamatorias y con el desarrollo y progresi&#243;n de las ECV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12-14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> Este par&#225;metro ha demostrado ser un marcador inflamatorio con alto poder predictivo de fallecimiento&#44; infarto agudo de miocardio o severidad de enfermedad coronaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14-16</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; diversos estudios han investigado la relaci&#243;n del INL con la diabetes mellitus&#44; la resistencia a la insulina evaluada mediante el Homoeostasis Model Assessment of Insuline Resistence &#40;HOMA-IR&#41;&#44; la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la obesidad&#44; la hiperlipidemia&#44; el estilo de vida y la disfunci&#243;n endotelial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17-19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios sobre la asociaci&#243;n entre el INL y las ECV se han realizado hasta el momento en pacientes con ECV sintom&#225;tica&#46; El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar si dicha asociaci&#243;n se observa en sujetos asintom&#225;ticos y sin antecedentes de ECV&#44; utilizando la alteraci&#243;n del CACU como marcador precoz de da&#241;o endotelial sist&#233;mico y de riesgo cardiovascular&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio transversal con sujetos procedentes de diversas regiones espa&#241;olas&#44; que acudieron a la Unidad de Chequeos de la Cl&#237;nica Universidad de Navarra para reconocimiento m&#233;dico y estimaci&#243;n del riesgo cardiovascular&#46; Se valor&#243; a 2&#46;246 pacientes cl&#237;nicamente asintom&#225;ticos desde mayo de 1999 hasta enero del 2011&#46; Se realiz&#243; una historia cl&#237;nica completa de cada paciente que inclu&#237;a la recogida de antecedentes familiares de ECV&#44; as&#237; como una anal&#237;tica general con hemograma&#44; bioqu&#237;mica&#44; fracciones de colesterol y la determinaci&#243;n de alb&#250;mina y de creatinina en orina de primera micci&#243;n&#46; Se excluy&#243; a todos los pacientes que presentaban antecedentes personales de eventos cardiovasculares &#40;infarto agudo de miocardio&#44; ictus&#44; arteriopat&#237;a perif&#233;rica&#41;&#44; los que tomaban f&#225;rmacos antiprotein&#250;ricos &#40;inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensina y antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II&#41; o los que presentaban un CACU &#62; 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g&#46; Los 1&#46;816 sujetos restantes se incluyeron en la cohorte definitiva&#46; El estudio fue dise&#241;ado de acuerdo con la Declaraci&#243;n de Helsinki y el protocolo fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; de &#201;tica de la Cl&#237;nica Universidad de Navarra&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se definieron seg&#250;n las gu&#237;as correspondientes a la Adult Treatment Panel &#40;ATP&#41;-III modificada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Las determinaciones anal&#237;ticas se efectuaron mediante t&#233;cnicas est&#225;ndar de laboratorio&#46; Para calcular el INL&#44; se obtuvo el cociente entre el valor absoluto de los neutr&#243;filos y el valor absoluto de los linfocitos del hemograma&#46; Para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina&#44; se utiliz&#243; el HOMA-IR tanto como variable continua como con un punto de corte de 2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Para estimar el filtrado glomerular renal &#40;FGRe&#41;&#44; se emple&#243; la f&#243;rmula Modification of Diet in Renal Disease&#44; consider&#225;ndose un aclaramiento patol&#243;gico cuando presentaban un filtrado estimado inferior a 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73 m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; Se utiliz&#243; como marcador de disfunci&#243;n endotelial y riesgo cardiovascular la presencia de un cociente entre alb&#250;mina y creatinina en orina entre 30 y 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados se expresaron como el valor de la media aritm&#233;tica &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar para variables cuantitativas continuas&#46; Las variables cualitativas se presentaron en forma de proporciones&#46; Para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico univariante se realizaron t&#233;cnicas de contraste de hip&#243;tesis&#58; chi al cuadrado para las variables cualitativas&#44; t de Student para las comparaciones de variables cuantitativas con homogeneidad de varianzas en el test de Levene y la U de Mann-Whitney en el resto&#46; El an&#225;lisis multivariable se efectu&#243; mediante modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de sensibilidad para la b&#250;squeda de los valores con mayor capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n&#46; En los resultados de este an&#225;lisis&#44; se consideraron de utilidad cl&#237;nica los par&#225;metros con la sensibilidad y especificidad m&#225;s alta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Los c&#225;lculos estad&#237;sticos se realizaron utilizando el programa SPSS versi&#243;n 20&#46;0&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> muestra las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de la poblaci&#243;n estudiada&#46; La media del INL fue de 2 &#177; 0&#44;83&#46; Un 7&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes presentaban un CACU alterado&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#44; la alteraci&#243;n del CACU se asoci&#243; significativamente a la edad&#44; la obesidad&#44; la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la diabetes&#44; la resistencia a la insulina &#40;HOMA-IR &#62; 2&#41;&#44; la dislipidemia y el filtrado glomerular patol&#243;gico&#46; En la misma tabla se observa el aumento significativo del INL en pacientes con un CACU alterado&#46; Para evaluar la capacidad de predicci&#243;n de alteraci&#243;n del CACU de otros marcadores de inflamaci&#243;n&#44; se utiliz&#243; la prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;PCR&#41;&#46; Este an&#225;lisis se realiz&#243; en un subgrupo de la muestra en que se dispon&#237;a dicha determinaci&#243;n &#40;n &#61; 439&#41;&#46; En este subgrupo la prevalencia del CACU alterado fue del 8&#37;&#44; similar a la de la poblaci&#243;n general &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;5&#41;&#46; No se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en la PCR entre los pacientes con un CACU alterado y los que ten&#237;an un CACU dentro de la normalidad &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;45&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en este subgrupo de 439 pacientes&#44; el INL permanec&#237;a significativamente asociado al CACU alterado &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras el an&#225;lisis univariante&#44; se realiz&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica incluyendo todas las variables anteriormente significativas&#46; Como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#44; todos los factores de riesgo vascular&#44; a excepci&#243;n de la obesidad&#44; se mantuvieron significativa e independientemente asociados a la presencia del CACU alterado&#46; El valor del INL persisti&#243; como marcador independiente de alteraci&#243;n del CACU &#40;OR&#58; 1&#44;45&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; En un modelo alternativo&#44; se incluy&#243; el HOMA-IR en vez de la presencia de diabetes para evitar la colinealidad&#46; El HOMA-IR fue significativo en la identificaci&#243;n del CACU alterado &#40;OR&#58; 1&#44;11&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; persistiendo la capacidad de predicci&#243;n del INL&#46; Este modelo se presenta en la tabla 1 complementaria&#46; En el subgrupo de 439 pacientes en los que se dispon&#237;a de niveles de PCR se realizaron 2 modelos multivariantes con las mismas variables de ajuste&#46; En el primero se utiliz&#243; el INL como estimador de inflamaci&#243;n&#44; resultando significativamente asociado con la alteraci&#243;n del CACU &#40;OR&#58; 1&#44;6&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#59; tabla 2 complementaria&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en el segundo modelo&#44; se utiliz&#243; la PCR como marcador inflamatorio que no result&#243; significativamente asociado al CACU alterado &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;94&#59; p &#62; 0&#44;05&#59; tabla 3 complementaria&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posteriormente&#44; se estudi&#243; la relaci&#243;n entre el INL y los diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#46; En nuestro estudio la presencia de hipertensi&#243;n&#44; diabetes&#44; tabaquismo u obesidad no se asociaba a cambios significativos en el INL&#46; Por otro lado el efecto antiinflamatorio de las estatinas sobre el endotelio podr&#237;a afectar a la relaci&#243;n entre el INL y la aparici&#243;n del CACU alterado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; los 196 pacientes que se encontraban bajo tratamiento con estatinas presentaron valores menores&#44; aunque no estad&#237;sticamente significativos del INL &#40;1&#44;89 &#177; 0&#44;85 para el grupo con estatinas vs&#46; 2&#44;01 &#177; 0&#44;83 para el grupo sin estatinas&#44; p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; si se observaron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas entre el INL de los pacientes que presentaban HOMA-IR &#62; 2&#44; respecto a los no insulinorresistentes &#40;1&#44;94 &#177; 0&#44;78 vs&#46; 2&#44;05 &#177; 0&#44;89 p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A continuaci&#243;n&#44; se analiz&#243; la distribuci&#243;n del INL en nuestra muestra&#46; Para ello se dividi&#243; a la poblaci&#243;n en 2 grupos seg&#250;n presentaran o no alteraci&#243;n del CACU&#46; Posteriormente&#44; los pacientes de ambos subgrupos se categorizaron en 11 estratos del INL de 0&#44;5 unidades de amplitud&#44; desde un INL 0-0&#44;5 hasta un INL &#62; 5&#46; Como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#44; el 87&#44;1&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n presentaba unos niveles del INL entre 1 y 3&#46; Por otro lado&#44; a partir de un valor del INL &#62; 2&#44;5 la proporci&#243;n relativa de pacientes con alteraci&#243;n del CACU estaba claramente aumentada&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras estos resultados&#44; se procedi&#243; a la b&#250;squeda del punto de corte del INL con mayor capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n de alteraci&#243;n del CACU mediante la realizaci&#243;n de un an&#225;lisis de sensibilidad&#46; Para ello&#44; se calcularon la sensibilidad&#44; la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos y negativos de los valores del INL entre 1&#44;5 y 3 con los resultados que se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#46; En ella&#44; se observa que los valores del INL m&#225;s bajos ten&#237;an mayor sensibilidad para detectar alteraciones del CACU&#44; mientras que aquellos m&#225;s altos ten&#237;an mayor especificidad&#46; Los resultados de este an&#225;lisis permitieron definir los valores de 1&#44;5 y 3 como p untos de corte de los subgrupos de riesgo&#44; debido a la mayor sensibilidad del primero y a la mayor especificidad del segundo&#46; Se dividi&#243; a la poblaci&#243;n en 3 grupos de riesgo de alteraci&#243;n del CACU seg&#250;n el INL&#58; los pacientes con riesgo bajo &#40;INL &#60; 1&#44;5&#41;&#44; intermedio &#40;INL entre 1&#44;5 y 3&#41; y alto &#40;INL &#62; 3&#41;&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#44; se muestra la distribuci&#243;n de la alteraci&#243;n del CACU en los 3 grupos&#44; destacando un aumento progresivo y significativo de la proporci&#243;n relativa de alteraci&#243;n del CACU a medida que los valores del INL aumentaban&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; los puntos de corte de los subgrupos de riesgo fueron incluidos en un modelo multivariante que se muestra en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#46; Los pacientes con INL entre 1&#44;5 y 3&#44; mostraron una OR de 1&#44;68 en comparaci&#243;n con aquellos con un INL &#60; 1&#44;5&#46; Los pacientes con un INL &#62; 3 vieron aumentado su riesgo hasta una OR de 3&#44;14 en la misma comparaci&#243;n&#46; Se procedi&#243; posteriormente al an&#225;lisis de este nuevo modelo&#44; que present&#243; un &#237;ndice de mejor&#237;a de la discriminaci&#243;n significativo &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; con un &#237;ndice de mejor&#237;a de la reclasificaci&#243;n del 4&#44;05&#37;&#46; Este resultado implicar&#237;a la reclasificaci&#243;n de 74 pacientes de la muestra&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La inflamaci&#243;n desempe&#241;a un papel fundamental en la fisiopatolog&#237;a de las ECV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Entre los diversos marcadores inflamatorios&#44; el INL ha sido valorado previamente como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; insuficiencia card&#237;aca congestiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#44; diabetes mellitus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> y en aquellos sometidos a coronariograf&#237;a diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; recientemente ha sido evaluado como factor de riesgo en el estudio de pacientes asintom&#225;ticos de la cohorte del estudio de Framingham&#44; donde se confirma como potente predictor de mortalidad cardiovascular&#46; En este estudio se cita el INL como par&#225;metro con una capacidad potencial de reclasificaci&#243;n del riesgo cardiovascular mayor que otros marcadores como son la PCR ultrasensible&#44; el fragmento N-terminal del p&#233;ptido natriur&#233;tico tipo B&#44; la hemoglobina glucosilada&#44; la cistatina y la homociste&#237;na<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Publicaciones previas han descrito una asociaci&#243;n entre los valores del INL y la excreci&#243;n urinaria de alb&#250;mina&#44; tanto en pacientes diab&#233;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> como en sujetos con enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica sintom&#225;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; La importancia de la detecci&#243;n de los mecanismos de da&#241;o endotelial para la prevenci&#243;n de ECV justifica el uso de la alteraci&#243;n del CACU como marcador precoz tanto de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; como de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;32-35</span></a>&#46; En la cohorte del presente estudio&#44; una poblaci&#243;n de sujetos cl&#237;nicamente asintom&#225;ticos&#44; el INL tambi&#233;n se correlacion&#243; de forma significativa con la alteraci&#243;n del CACU&#46; Esta asociaci&#243;n es independiente de otros factores de riesgo asociados al CACU alterado&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Distintos estudios han relacionado la inflamaci&#243;n con una mayor insulinorresistencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46; Recientemente&#44; Lou et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> presentaron una correlaci&#243;n significativa entre un aumento del INL y el HOMA-IR &#40;OR&#58; 7&#44;23 p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; La asociaci&#243;n entre la insulinorresistencia y el INL se ve confirmada en nuestra muestra&#46; El efecto antiinflamatorio de los inhibidores de la HMG-CoA reductasa tambi&#233;n podr&#237;a tener influencia sobre el INL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el art&#237;culo de Gungoren et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> no demostr&#243; diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas del INL entre sujetos tratados con estatinas y no tratados&#46; En nuestro an&#225;lisis&#44; los pacientes en tratamiento con estatinas presentaron un INL menor sin que las diferencias entre grupos llegaran a la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46; Nuestros resultados podr&#237;an justificar el estudio de esta asociaci&#243;n en cohortes con un mayor tama&#241;o muestral&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; nuestros resultados muestran que el INL presenta una mayor capacidad de detecci&#243;n del CACU alterado en comparaci&#243;n con la PCR&#44; que no result&#243; estad&#237;sticamente significativa en este contexto&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para que un marcador de riesgo resulte &#250;til se requiere conocer los valores del mismo con significado cl&#237;nico&#46; La correcta selecci&#243;n de estos valores se puede realizar mediante el an&#225;lisis de la sensibilidad y la especificidad de distintos puntos de corte del marcador en estudio&#46; Esta metodolog&#237;a ha sido extensamente estudiada y utilizada en la selecci&#243;n de puntos de corte en otras situaciones cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; En nuestro an&#225;lisis&#44; cabe destacar la limitada sensibilidad que ofrecen todos los valores&#44; a excepci&#243;n del punto de corte en 1&#44;5&#44; que presenta una sensibilidad de 0&#44;80&#46; La sensibilidad es el resultado del cociente entre los verdaderos positivos de un test y los pacientes enfermos de la poblaci&#243;n&#46; Una sensibilidad deficiente est&#225; en relaci&#243;n con un aumento de los falsos negativos del test&#46; Como los factores de riesgo cl&#225;sicos de la alteraci&#243;n del CACU no se encuentran asociados al INL en nuestra muestra&#44; muchos pacientes ser&#237;an falsos negativos al considerar solo el INL&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la presencia de diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas entre los grupos del INL en el an&#225;lisis multivariado valida la utilidad de los puntos de corte seleccionados por este m&#233;todo&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal limitaci&#243;n de nuestro estudio es su dise&#241;o transversal&#44; que impide establecer una relaci&#243;n causal entre la presencia del INL y la aparici&#243;n del CACU alterado&#46; Por otra parte&#44; aunque la poblaci&#243;n reclutada de un solo centro limita la extrapolaci&#243;n de los resultados&#44; la procedencia de los pacientes de distintas regiones de Espa&#241;a y el tama&#241;o muestral aumentan la validez externa del estudio&#46; En cualquier caso&#44; la asociaci&#243;n entre el INL y la alteraci&#243;n del CACU merece ser estudiada en mayor profundidad para determinar su papel no solo como marcador econ&#243;mico&#44; r&#225;pido y no invasivo de riesgo cardiovascular sino como potencial diana terap&#233;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio demuestra una correlaci&#243;n significativa entre unos valores con significado cl&#237;nico del INL y el riesgo cardiovascular y de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica asociada a enfermedad microvascular en una cohorte de pacientes asintom&#225;ticos&#46; Las limitaciones previamente consignadas hacen que sean necesarios estudios de intervenci&#243;n&#44; multic&#233;ntricos y con un mayor n&#250;mero de desenlaces para valorar otras posibles implicaciones cl&#237;nicas de este hallazgo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El INL puede constituir una nueva herramienta en la valoraci&#243;n del riesgo cardiovascular y de la disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica asociada a enfermedad microvascular en pacientes asintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio no ha requerido financiaci&#243;n externa&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No existen conflictos de inter&#233;s&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        2 => array:3 [
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          "titulo" => "Abstract"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Background and objective"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-07-02"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-10-28"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "&#205;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito"
            1 => "Cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario"
            2 => "Disfunci&#243;n endotelial"
            3 => "Riesgo cardiovascular"
            4 => "Sujetos asintom&#225;ticos"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio"
            1 => "Urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio"
            2 => "Endothelial dysfunction"
            3 => "Cardiovascular risk"
            4 => "Asymptomatic subjects"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamento y objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito es un marcador inflamatorio de valor pron&#243;stico en enfermedades cardiovasculares&#46; El objetivo del presente trabajo es valorar la asociaci&#243;n entre el &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito y la alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario como marcador precoz de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica asociada a enfermedad microvascular y riesgo cardiovascular&#44; en sujetos asintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio transversal en 1&#46;816 sujetos asintom&#225;ticos&#46; Se excluy&#243; del a estudio aquellos pacientes que presentaron antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular&#44; los que recib&#237;an tratamiento con f&#225;rmacos antiprotein&#250;ricos &#40;inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensina y antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II&#41; y aquellos que presentaron un cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina superior a 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#46; La variable desenlace del estudio fue la alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito result&#243; significativamente asociado a la alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#44; tanto en el estudio univariante como en el multivariante&#44; independientemente de otros cofactores como la edad&#44; la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la diabetes&#44; la dislipidemia o el filtrado glomerular patol&#243;gico&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la sensibilidad y la especificidad de distintos niveles del &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito permiti&#243; generar 3 grupos de riesgo de alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatina urinario&#58; riesgo bajo con un cociente neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito &#60; 1&#44;5&#44; riesgo intermedio con cociente neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito entre 1&#44;5 y 3 y riesgo alto con un cociente neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito &#62; 3&#46; La proporci&#243;n relativa de alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#44; en los 3 grupos de riesgo&#44; aumentaba en raz&#243;n del valor del &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito de forma independiente al resto de cofactores&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito surge como un potencial marcador de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica econ&#243;mico&#44; r&#225;pido&#44; no invasivo e independiente de otros factores conocidos&#44; en sujetos asintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></span>"
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          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Materiales y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has demonstrated to be a prognostic inflammatory marker in cardiovascular disease&#46; The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and pathologic urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio as an early marker of cardiovascular risk and systemic endothelial dysfunction&#44; associated with microvascular disease&#44; in asymptomatic subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A unicenter cross-sectional study was conducted&#44; including 1816 asymptomatic subjects&#46; Patients with previous cardiovascular disease&#44; those who were treated with ACE inhibitors and&#47;or angiotensin II receptor blockers and patients with albumin&#47;creatinine ratio over 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g were excluded&#46; The outcome of the study was the presence of a pathologic urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with altered urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio in the univariate analysis and after adjustment for other known endothelial and cardiovascular risk factors &#40;age&#44; hypertension&#44; dyslipidaemia&#44; diabetes or altered glomerular filtration rate&#41;&#46; Based on the sensitivity and specificity of different neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio thresholds&#44; 3 risk groups were created for altered urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio&#58; low risk in those with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio &#60; 1&#46;5&#44; intermediate risk in patients between 1&#46;5 and 3&#44; and high risk in those with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio &#62; 3&#46; These groups were found to have a statistically significant and independent prognostic power for altered urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio in asymptomatic patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio appears to be a cost-efficient&#44; non-invasive and independent potential marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects&#46;</p></span>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n del CACU alterado seg&#250;n niveles del INL&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n del CACU alterado en diferentes grupos del INL&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina creatinina urinario&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#59; ECV&#58; enfermedades cardiovasculares&#59; FGRe&#58; filtrado glomerular renal estimado&#59; HDL&#58; high density lipoprotein&#59; HOMA-IR&#58; Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#59; LDL&#58; low density lipoprotein&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HOMA-IR &#40;&#956;U&#183;mmol&#47;L</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;63 &#177; 2&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Insulina &#40;&#956;U&#47;mL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;45 &#177; 7&#44;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;34 &#177; 15&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">142&#44;77 &#177; 38&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colesterol total &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">219 &#177; 41&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Triglic&#233;ridos &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117&#44;69 &#177; 80&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neutr&#243;filos &#40;10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">9</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;L&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;66 &#177; 1&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Linfocitos &#40;10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">9</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;L&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;93 &#177; 0&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">INL</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;00 &#177; 0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;49 &#177; 0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Creatinina &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;95 &#177; 0&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FGRe &#40;ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#177; 4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina &#40;mg&#47;g&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;46 &#177; 22&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">612 &#40;33&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes mellitus &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">249 &#40;13&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dislipidemia &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">934 &#40;51&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CACU alterado &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">137 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Se incluyen los resultados correspondientes a un subgrupo de 439 pacientes&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de la poblaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;816&#41;</p>"
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      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#59; ECV&#58; enfermedades cardiovasculares&#59; FGRe&#58; filtrado glomerular renal estimado&#59; HOMA-IR&#58; Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CACU normal<br>&#40;n &#61; 1&#46;679&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CACU alterado<br>&#40;n &#61; 137&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antecedentes familiares de ECV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">158 &#40;9&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;13&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#44;46 &#177; 10&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#44;12 &#177; 11&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Varones &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1275 &#40;75&#44;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111 &#40;81&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesidad &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">437 &#40;26&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55 &#40;40&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tabaquismo &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">435 &#40;25&#44;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;31&#44;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">520 &#40;31&#44;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92 &#40;67&#44;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">197 &#40;11&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;38&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HOMA-IR &#62; 2 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">689 &#40;50&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79 &#40;73&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dislipidemia &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">842 &#40;52&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92 &#40;72&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGRe patol&#243;gico &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72 &#40;4&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;13&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;97 &#177; 0&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;30 &#177; 1&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prote&#237;na C-reactiva &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;56 &#177; 0&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;49 &#177; 0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis univariante de la asociaci&#243;n de diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular con el CACU alterado</p>"
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      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FGRe&#58; filtrado glomerular renal estimado&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC del 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;03 &#40;1&#44;01-1&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;30 &#40;0&#44;86-1&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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El índice neutrófilo/linfocito como marcador de disfunción sistémica endotelial en sujetos asintomáticos
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects
Diego Martínez-Urbistondo, Almudena Beltrán, Oscar Beloqui, Ana Huerta
Autor para correspondencia
ahuerta@unav.es

Autor para correspondencia.
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
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300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g&#46; Los 1&#46;816 sujetos restantes se incluyeron en la cohorte definitiva&#46; El estudio fue dise&#241;ado de acuerdo con la Declaraci&#243;n de Helsinki y el protocolo fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; de &#201;tica de la Cl&#237;nica Universidad de Navarra&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se definieron seg&#250;n las gu&#237;as correspondientes a la Adult Treatment Panel &#40;ATP&#41;-III modificada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Las determinaciones anal&#237;ticas se efectuaron mediante t&#233;cnicas est&#225;ndar de laboratorio&#46; Para calcular el INL&#44; se obtuvo el cociente entre el valor absoluto de los neutr&#243;filos y el valor absoluto de los linfocitos del hemograma&#46; Para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina&#44; se utiliz&#243; el HOMA-IR tanto como variable continua como con un punto de corte de 2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Para estimar el filtrado glomerular renal &#40;FGRe&#41;&#44; se emple&#243; la f&#243;rmula Modification of Diet in Renal Disease&#44; consider&#225;ndose un aclaramiento patol&#243;gico cuando presentaban un filtrado estimado inferior a 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73 m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; Se utiliz&#243; como marcador de disfunci&#243;n endotelial y riesgo cardiovascular la presencia de un cociente entre alb&#250;mina y creatinina en orina entre 30 y 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados se expresaron como el valor de la media aritm&#233;tica &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar para variables cuantitativas continuas&#46; Las variables cualitativas se presentaron en forma de proporciones&#46; Para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico univariante se realizaron t&#233;cnicas de contraste de hip&#243;tesis&#58; chi al cuadrado para las variables cualitativas&#44; t de Student para las comparaciones de variables cuantitativas con homogeneidad de varianzas en el test de Levene y la U de Mann-Whitney en el resto&#46; El an&#225;lisis multivariable se efectu&#243; mediante modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de sensibilidad para la b&#250;squeda de los valores con mayor capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n&#46; En los resultados de este an&#225;lisis&#44; se consideraron de utilidad cl&#237;nica los par&#225;metros con la sensibilidad y especificidad m&#225;s alta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Los c&#225;lculos estad&#237;sticos se realizaron utilizando el programa SPSS versi&#243;n 20&#46;0&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> muestra las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de la poblaci&#243;n estudiada&#46; La media del INL fue de 2 &#177; 0&#44;83&#46; Un 7&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes presentaban un CACU alterado&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#44; la alteraci&#243;n del CACU se asoci&#243; significativamente a la edad&#44; la obesidad&#44; la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la diabetes&#44; la resistencia a la insulina &#40;HOMA-IR &#62; 2&#41;&#44; la dislipidemia y el filtrado glomerular patol&#243;gico&#46; En la misma tabla se observa el aumento significativo del INL en pacientes con un CACU alterado&#46; Para evaluar la capacidad de predicci&#243;n de alteraci&#243;n del CACU de otros marcadores de inflamaci&#243;n&#44; se utiliz&#243; la prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;PCR&#41;&#46; Este an&#225;lisis se realiz&#243; en un subgrupo de la muestra en que se dispon&#237;a dicha determinaci&#243;n &#40;n &#61; 439&#41;&#46; En este subgrupo la prevalencia del CACU alterado fue del 8&#37;&#44; similar a la de la poblaci&#243;n general &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;5&#41;&#46; No se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en la PCR entre los pacientes con un CACU alterado y los que ten&#237;an un CACU dentro de la normalidad &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;45&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en este subgrupo de 439 pacientes&#44; el INL permanec&#237;a significativamente asociado al CACU alterado &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras el an&#225;lisis univariante&#44; se realiz&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica incluyendo todas las variables anteriormente significativas&#46; Como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#44; todos los factores de riesgo vascular&#44; a excepci&#243;n de la obesidad&#44; se mantuvieron significativa e independientemente asociados a la presencia del CACU alterado&#46; El valor del INL persisti&#243; como marcador independiente de alteraci&#243;n del CACU &#40;OR&#58; 1&#44;45&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; En un modelo alternativo&#44; se incluy&#243; el HOMA-IR en vez de la presencia de diabetes para evitar la colinealidad&#46; El HOMA-IR fue significativo en la identificaci&#243;n del CACU alterado &#40;OR&#58; 1&#44;11&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; persistiendo la capacidad de predicci&#243;n del INL&#46; Este modelo se presenta en la tabla 1 complementaria&#46; En el subgrupo de 439 pacientes en los que se dispon&#237;a de niveles de PCR se realizaron 2 modelos multivariantes con las mismas variables de ajuste&#46; En el primero se utiliz&#243; el INL como estimador de inflamaci&#243;n&#44; resultando significativamente asociado con la alteraci&#243;n del CACU &#40;OR&#58; 1&#44;6&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#59; tabla 2 complementaria&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en el segundo modelo&#44; se utiliz&#243; la PCR como marcador inflamatorio que no result&#243; significativamente asociado al CACU alterado &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;94&#59; p &#62; 0&#44;05&#59; tabla 3 complementaria&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posteriormente&#44; se estudi&#243; la relaci&#243;n entre el INL y los diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#46; En nuestro estudio la presencia de hipertensi&#243;n&#44; diabetes&#44; tabaquismo u obesidad no se asociaba a cambios significativos en el INL&#46; Por otro lado el efecto antiinflamatorio de las estatinas sobre el endotelio podr&#237;a afectar a la relaci&#243;n entre el INL y la aparici&#243;n del CACU alterado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; los 196 pacientes que se encontraban bajo tratamiento con estatinas presentaron valores menores&#44; aunque no estad&#237;sticamente significativos del INL &#40;1&#44;89 &#177; 0&#44;85 para el grupo con estatinas vs&#46; 2&#44;01 &#177; 0&#44;83 para el grupo sin estatinas&#44; p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; si se observaron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas entre el INL de los pacientes que presentaban HOMA-IR &#62; 2&#44; respecto a los no insulinorresistentes &#40;1&#44;94 &#177; 0&#44;78 vs&#46; 2&#44;05 &#177; 0&#44;89 p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A continuaci&#243;n&#44; se analiz&#243; la distribuci&#243;n del INL en nuestra muestra&#46; Para ello se dividi&#243; a la poblaci&#243;n en 2 grupos seg&#250;n presentaran o no alteraci&#243;n del CACU&#46; Posteriormente&#44; los pacientes de ambos subgrupos se categorizaron en 11 estratos del INL de 0&#44;5 unidades de amplitud&#44; desde un INL 0-0&#44;5 hasta un INL &#62; 5&#46; Como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#44; el 87&#44;1&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n presentaba unos niveles del INL entre 1 y 3&#46; Por otro lado&#44; a partir de un valor del INL &#62; 2&#44;5 la proporci&#243;n relativa de pacientes con alteraci&#243;n del CACU estaba claramente aumentada&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras estos resultados&#44; se procedi&#243; a la b&#250;squeda del punto de corte del INL con mayor capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n de alteraci&#243;n del CACU mediante la realizaci&#243;n de un an&#225;lisis de sensibilidad&#46; Para ello&#44; se calcularon la sensibilidad&#44; la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivos y negativos de los valores del INL entre 1&#44;5 y 3 con los resultados que se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#46; En ella&#44; se observa que los valores del INL m&#225;s bajos ten&#237;an mayor sensibilidad para detectar alteraciones del CACU&#44; mientras que aquellos m&#225;s altos ten&#237;an mayor especificidad&#46; Los resultados de este an&#225;lisis permitieron definir los valores de 1&#44;5 y 3 como p untos de corte de los subgrupos de riesgo&#44; debido a la mayor sensibilidad del primero y a la mayor especificidad del segundo&#46; Se dividi&#243; a la poblaci&#243;n en 3 grupos de riesgo de alteraci&#243;n del CACU seg&#250;n el INL&#58; los pacientes con riesgo bajo &#40;INL &#60; 1&#44;5&#41;&#44; intermedio &#40;INL entre 1&#44;5 y 3&#41; y alto &#40;INL &#62; 3&#41;&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#44; se muestra la distribuci&#243;n de la alteraci&#243;n del CACU en los 3 grupos&#44; destacando un aumento progresivo y significativo de la proporci&#243;n relativa de alteraci&#243;n del CACU a medida que los valores del INL aumentaban&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; los puntos de corte de los subgrupos de riesgo fueron incluidos en un modelo multivariante que se muestra en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#46; Los pacientes con INL entre 1&#44;5 y 3&#44; mostraron una OR de 1&#44;68 en comparaci&#243;n con aquellos con un INL &#60; 1&#44;5&#46; Los pacientes con un INL &#62; 3 vieron aumentado su riesgo hasta una OR de 3&#44;14 en la misma comparaci&#243;n&#46; Se procedi&#243; posteriormente al an&#225;lisis de este nuevo modelo&#44; que present&#243; un &#237;ndice de mejor&#237;a de la discriminaci&#243;n significativo &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; con un &#237;ndice de mejor&#237;a de la reclasificaci&#243;n del 4&#44;05&#37;&#46; Este resultado implicar&#237;a la reclasificaci&#243;n de 74 pacientes de la muestra&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La inflamaci&#243;n desempe&#241;a un papel fundamental en la fisiopatolog&#237;a de las ECV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Entre los diversos marcadores inflamatorios&#44; el INL ha sido valorado previamente como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; insuficiencia card&#237;aca congestiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#44; diabetes mellitus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> y en aquellos sometidos a coronariograf&#237;a diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; recientemente ha sido evaluado como factor de riesgo en el estudio de pacientes asintom&#225;ticos de la cohorte del estudio de Framingham&#44; donde se confirma como potente predictor de mortalidad cardiovascular&#46; En este estudio se cita el INL como par&#225;metro con una capacidad potencial de reclasificaci&#243;n del riesgo cardiovascular mayor que otros marcadores como son la PCR ultrasensible&#44; el fragmento N-terminal del p&#233;ptido natriur&#233;tico tipo B&#44; la hemoglobina glucosilada&#44; la cistatina y la homociste&#237;na<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Publicaciones previas han descrito una asociaci&#243;n entre los valores del INL y la excreci&#243;n urinaria de alb&#250;mina&#44; tanto en pacientes diab&#233;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> como en sujetos con enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica sintom&#225;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; La importancia de la detecci&#243;n de los mecanismos de da&#241;o endotelial para la prevenci&#243;n de ECV justifica el uso de la alteraci&#243;n del CACU como marcador precoz tanto de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; como de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;32-35</span></a>&#46; En la cohorte del presente estudio&#44; una poblaci&#243;n de sujetos cl&#237;nicamente asintom&#225;ticos&#44; el INL tambi&#233;n se correlacion&#243; de forma significativa con la alteraci&#243;n del CACU&#46; Esta asociaci&#243;n es independiente de otros factores de riesgo asociados al CACU alterado&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Distintos estudios han relacionado la inflamaci&#243;n con una mayor insulinorresistencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46; Recientemente&#44; Lou et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> presentaron una correlaci&#243;n significativa entre un aumento del INL y el HOMA-IR &#40;OR&#58; 7&#44;23 p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46; La asociaci&#243;n entre la insulinorresistencia y el INL se ve confirmada en nuestra muestra&#46; El efecto antiinflamatorio de los inhibidores de la HMG-CoA reductasa tambi&#233;n podr&#237;a tener influencia sobre el INL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el art&#237;culo de Gungoren et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> no demostr&#243; diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas del INL entre sujetos tratados con estatinas y no tratados&#46; En nuestro an&#225;lisis&#44; los pacientes en tratamiento con estatinas presentaron un INL menor sin que las diferencias entre grupos llegaran a la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46; Nuestros resultados podr&#237;an justificar el estudio de esta asociaci&#243;n en cohortes con un mayor tama&#241;o muestral&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; nuestros resultados muestran que el INL presenta una mayor capacidad de detecci&#243;n del CACU alterado en comparaci&#243;n con la PCR&#44; que no result&#243; estad&#237;sticamente significativa en este contexto&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para que un marcador de riesgo resulte &#250;til se requiere conocer los valores del mismo con significado cl&#237;nico&#46; La correcta selecci&#243;n de estos valores se puede realizar mediante el an&#225;lisis de la sensibilidad y la especificidad de distintos puntos de corte del marcador en estudio&#46; Esta metodolog&#237;a ha sido extensamente estudiada y utilizada en la selecci&#243;n de puntos de corte en otras situaciones cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; En nuestro an&#225;lisis&#44; cabe destacar la limitada sensibilidad que ofrecen todos los valores&#44; a excepci&#243;n del punto de corte en 1&#44;5&#44; que presenta una sensibilidad de 0&#44;80&#46; La sensibilidad es el resultado del cociente entre los verdaderos positivos de un test y los pacientes enfermos de la poblaci&#243;n&#46; Una sensibilidad deficiente est&#225; en relaci&#243;n con un aumento de los falsos negativos del test&#46; Como los factores de riesgo cl&#225;sicos de la alteraci&#243;n del CACU no se encuentran asociados al INL en nuestra muestra&#44; muchos pacientes ser&#237;an falsos negativos al considerar solo el INL&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la presencia de diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas entre los grupos del INL en el an&#225;lisis multivariado valida la utilidad de los puntos de corte seleccionados por este m&#233;todo&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal limitaci&#243;n de nuestro estudio es su dise&#241;o transversal&#44; que impide establecer una relaci&#243;n causal entre la presencia del INL y la aparici&#243;n del CACU alterado&#46; Por otra parte&#44; aunque la poblaci&#243;n reclutada de un solo centro limita la extrapolaci&#243;n de los resultados&#44; la procedencia de los pacientes de distintas regiones de Espa&#241;a y el tama&#241;o muestral aumentan la validez externa del estudio&#46; En cualquier caso&#44; la asociaci&#243;n entre el INL y la alteraci&#243;n del CACU merece ser estudiada en mayor profundidad para determinar su papel no solo como marcador econ&#243;mico&#44; r&#225;pido y no invasivo de riesgo cardiovascular sino como potencial diana terap&#233;utica&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio demuestra una correlaci&#243;n significativa entre unos valores con significado cl&#237;nico del INL y el riesgo cardiovascular y de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica asociada a enfermedad microvascular en una cohorte de pacientes asintom&#225;ticos&#46; Las limitaciones previamente consignadas hacen que sean necesarios estudios de intervenci&#243;n&#44; multic&#233;ntricos y con un mayor n&#250;mero de desenlaces para valorar otras posibles implicaciones cl&#237;nicas de este hallazgo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El INL puede constituir una nueva herramienta en la valoraci&#243;n del riesgo cardiovascular y de la disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica asociada a enfermedad microvascular en pacientes asintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio no ha requerido financiaci&#243;n externa&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No existen conflictos de inter&#233;s&#46;</p></span></span>"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamento y objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito es un marcador inflamatorio de valor pron&#243;stico en enfermedades cardiovasculares&#46; El objetivo del presente trabajo es valorar la asociaci&#243;n entre el &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito y la alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario como marcador precoz de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica asociada a enfermedad microvascular y riesgo cardiovascular&#44; en sujetos asintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio transversal en 1&#46;816 sujetos asintom&#225;ticos&#46; Se excluy&#243; del a estudio aquellos pacientes que presentaron antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular&#44; los que recib&#237;an tratamiento con f&#225;rmacos antiprotein&#250;ricos &#40;inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensina y antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II&#41; y aquellos que presentaron un cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina superior a 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#46; La variable desenlace del estudio fue la alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito result&#243; significativamente asociado a la alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#44; tanto en el estudio univariante como en el multivariante&#44; independientemente de otros cofactores como la edad&#44; la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la diabetes&#44; la dislipidemia o el filtrado glomerular patol&#243;gico&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la sensibilidad y la especificidad de distintos niveles del &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito permiti&#243; generar 3 grupos de riesgo de alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatina urinario&#58; riesgo bajo con un cociente neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito &#60; 1&#44;5&#44; riesgo intermedio con cociente neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito entre 1&#44;5 y 3 y riesgo alto con un cociente neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito &#62; 3&#46; La proporci&#243;n relativa de alteraci&#243;n del cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#44; en los 3 grupos de riesgo&#44; aumentaba en raz&#243;n del valor del &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito de forma independiente al resto de cofactores&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo&#47;linfocito surge como un potencial marcador de disfunci&#243;n endotelial sist&#233;mica econ&#243;mico&#44; r&#225;pido&#44; no invasivo e independiente de otros factores conocidos&#44; en sujetos asintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Fundamento y objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Materiales y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has demonstrated to be a prognostic inflammatory marker in cardiovascular disease&#46; The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and pathologic urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio as an early marker of cardiovascular risk and systemic endothelial dysfunction&#44; associated with microvascular disease&#44; in asymptomatic subjects&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A unicenter cross-sectional study was conducted&#44; including 1816 asymptomatic subjects&#46; Patients with previous cardiovascular disease&#44; those who were treated with ACE inhibitors and&#47;or angiotensin II receptor blockers and patients with albumin&#47;creatinine ratio over 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;g were excluded&#46; The outcome of the study was the presence of a pathologic urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with altered urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio in the univariate analysis and after adjustment for other known endothelial and cardiovascular risk factors &#40;age&#44; hypertension&#44; dyslipidaemia&#44; diabetes or altered glomerular filtration rate&#41;&#46; Based on the sensitivity and specificity of different neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio thresholds&#44; 3 risk groups were created for altered urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio&#58; low risk in those with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio &#60; 1&#46;5&#44; intermediate risk in patients between 1&#46;5 and 3&#44; and high risk in those with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio &#62; 3&#46; These groups were found to have a statistically significant and independent prognostic power for altered urinary albumin&#47;creatinine ratio in asymptomatic patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio appears to be a cost-efficient&#44; non-invasive and independent potential marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Background and objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par1320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo A"
            "titulo" => "Material suplementario"
            "identificador" => "sec1115"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:8 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 849
            "Ancho" => 1614
            "Tamanyo" => 79686
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n del CACU alterado seg&#250;n niveles del INL&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1145
            "Ancho" => 1369
            "Tamanyo" => 70318
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n del CACU alterado en diferentes grupos del INL&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina creatinina urinario&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#59; ECV&#58; enfermedades cardiovasculares&#59; FGRe&#58; filtrado glomerular renal estimado&#59; HDL&#58; high density lipoprotein&#59; HOMA-IR&#58; Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#59; LDL&#58; low density lipoprotein&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;stica</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Antecedentes familiares de ECV &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">174 &#40;9&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#44;89 &#177; 10&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cuartiles de edad &#40;rango de a&#241;os&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cuartil 1 &#40;18-45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&#44;91 &#177; 0&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cuartil 2 &#40;46-53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;74 &#177; 0&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cuartil 3 &#40;54-60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#44;95 &#177; 0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cuartil 4 &#40;61-87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;98 &#177; 0&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Varones &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1386 &#40;76&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27&#44;94 &#177; 4&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tabaquismo &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">478 &#40;26&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">124&#44;01 &#177; 19&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#44;59 &#177; 9&#44;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Glucosa &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&#44;44 &#177; 26&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HOMA-IR &#40;&#956;U&#183;mmol&#47;L</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;63 &#177; 2&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Insulina &#40;&#956;U&#47;mL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;45 &#177; 7&#44;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;34 &#177; 15&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">142&#44;77 &#177; 38&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colesterol total &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">219 &#177; 41&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Triglic&#233;ridos &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117&#44;69 &#177; 80&#44;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neutr&#243;filos &#40;10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">9</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;L&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;66 &#177; 1&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Linfocitos &#40;10</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">9</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;L&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;93 &#177; 0&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">INL</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;00 &#177; 0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prote&#237;na C reactiva &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;49 &#177; 0&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Creatinina &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;95 &#177; 0&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FGRe &#40;ml&#47;min&#47;1&#44;73m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#177; 4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina &#40;mg&#47;g&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#44;46 &#177; 22&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">612 &#40;33&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes mellitus &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">249 &#40;13&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dislipidemia &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">934 &#40;51&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CACU alterado &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">137 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Se incluyen los resultados correspondientes a un subgrupo de 439 pacientes&#46;</p>"
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de la poblaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;816&#41;</p>"
        ]
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      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CACU&#58; cociente alb&#250;mina&#47;creatinina urinario&#59; ECV&#58; enfermedades cardiovasculares&#59; FGRe&#58; filtrado glomerular renal estimado&#59; HOMA-IR&#58; Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CACU normal<br>&#40;n &#61; 1&#46;679&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CACU alterado<br>&#40;n &#61; 137&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antecedentes familiares de ECV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">158 &#40;9&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;13&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#44;46 &#177; 10&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#44;12 &#177; 11&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Varones &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1275 &#40;75&#44;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111 &#40;81&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesidad &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">437 &#40;26&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55 &#40;40&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tabaquismo &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">435 &#40;25&#44;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43 &#40;31&#44;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">520 &#40;31&#44;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92 &#40;67&#44;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">197 &#40;11&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;38&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HOMA-IR &#62; 2 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">689 &#40;50&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79 &#40;73&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dislipidemia &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">842 &#40;52&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92 &#40;72&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGRe patol&#243;gico &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72 &#40;4&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;13&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;97 &#177; 0&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;30 &#177; 1&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prote&#237;na C-reactiva &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;56 &#177; 0&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;49 &#177; 0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1252241.png"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Se incluyen los resultados correspondientes a un subgrupo de 439 pacientes&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis univariante de la asociaci&#243;n de diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular con el CACU alterado</p>"
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      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FGRe&#58; filtrado glomerular renal estimado&#59; INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC del 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;03 &#40;1&#44;01-1&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Obesidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;30 &#40;0&#44;86-1&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;28 &#40;2&#44;12-5&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;40 &#40;2&#44;17-5&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dislipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;22 &#40;1&#44;44-3&#44;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGRe patol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;87 &#40;1&#44;52-5&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INL &#40;por unidad&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;45 &#40;1&#44;20-1&#44;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60; 0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis multivariante de la asociaci&#243;n de diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular con el CACU alterado</p>"
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      ]
      5 => array:7 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">INL&#58; &#237;ndice neutr&#243;filo linfocito&#59; VPN&#58; valor predictivo negativo&#59; VPP&#58; valor predictivo positivo&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">INL &#62; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">INL &#62; 2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensibilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Especificidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VPP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 02116995
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