Letters to the Editor – Brief papers about basic research or clinical experiences
The relationship between serum and urine NGAL and graft function in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Relación entre niveles de NGAL en suero y orina y función del injerto en pacientes pediátricos trasplantados renales
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"en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letters to the Editor – Brief papers about basic research or clinical experiences</span>" "titulo" => "The relationship between serum and urine NGAL and graft function in pediatric renal transplant recipients" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "419" "paginaFinal" => "420" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Sepideh Hekmat, Hasan Otukesh, Nahid Rahimzadeh, Rozita Hoseini" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Sepideh" "apellidos" => "Hekmat" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sepidhekmat@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hasan" "apellidos" => "Otukesh" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nahid" "apellidos" => "Rahimzadeh" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rozita" "apellidos" => "Hoseini" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Iran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center, Iran" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Relación entre niveles de NGAL en suero y orina y función del injerto en pacientes pediátricos trasplantados renales" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We previously serially measured the serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) during the first week after renal transplantation and found that mild ischemic injury may increase this lipocalin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In this study, we investigated the level of this marker after one month post-transplant with the aim of finding a relationship between NGAL quantities and graft function.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-one pediatric renal transplant recipients without any infection at the time of assessment were included in this study. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by Schwartz equation and DTPA scan concurrently. Scintigraphic measurement of GFR was performed using an ADAC single-headed gamma camera with the following formula:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Pre-post – <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span>: kidney count; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>: background count; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span>: renal depth; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span>: constant; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">μ</span>: attenuation coefficient of 99mTc in soft tissue (0.153<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">−1</span>); GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>total renal uptake percent (%)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9.81270<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.82519.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean age of patients was 9.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 years old. Nine patients (43%) were male. The mean time from transplantation was 6.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.47 years. The mean serum creatinine was 1.16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl. The mean Schwartz calculated GFR was 69.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cc/min/1.73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>. The mean DTPA measured GFR was 50.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cc/min/1.73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>. All patients had GFR less than 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cc/min/1.73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> by scan and Schwartz formula. The mean serum NGAL was 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/ml (15–324<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/ml). The mean urine NGAL was 17.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/ml (3.2–68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/ml).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We assessed the correlation between serum NGAL and serum creatinine, Schwartz GFR, and DTPA-related GFR. The coefficient of correlation with serum creatinine was 0.67 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09), −0.2 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.3) with Schwartz GFR, and −0.26 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.46) with DTPA GFR. Regarding urine NGAL, the correlation coefficient with serum creatinine was 0.2 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.37), −0.007 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.9) with Schwartz GFR, and −0.24 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.48) with DTPA GFR.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We did not find any significant association between the transplant time and serum NGAL (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8) and urine NGAL (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.06, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.77). Three patients had slow graft function in this study without need for dialysis in the first week post-transplant. The mean serum and urine NGAL was not different between patients with SGF and those without SGF (for serum NGAL 106 vs 145.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/ml and for urine NGAL 12.2 vs 21.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/ml).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies have shown that expression of NGAL protein is significantly increased during ischemic insults in renal transplant recipients with delayed graft function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Magnusson et al. have shown that plasma NGAL levels were significantly higher than normal in renal transplant recipients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Malyszko et al. also found a strong correlation between serum NGAL and serum creatinine in 100 kidney transplant recipients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is the first study in pediatric renal transplant recipients in which the association between serum and urine NGAL with graft function was assessed long term. We did not find any significant association between the amounts of NGAL in serum and urine with serum creatinine and GFR estimated by Schwartz formula or measured by DTPA scan. We think we cannot use serum and urine NGAL as markers of graft function in pediatric renal transplant recipients, but this result needs confirmation by more studies with more cases.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "eq0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "Total renal uptake percent (%)=(k−b)/e−μx" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 2892 "Alto" => 16 "Ancho" => 321 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Are serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin predictive of renal graft function in short term?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Rahimzadeh" 1 => "H. Otukesh" 2 => "R. Hoseini" 3 => "H. Sorkhi" 4 => "M. Otukesh" 5 => "S. Hoseini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1399-3046.2012.01770.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Transplant" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "796" "paginaFinal" => "802" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943581" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Kidney NGAL is a novel early marker of acute injury following transplantation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Mishra" 1 => "Q. Ma" 2 => "C. Kelly" 3 => "M. Mitsnefes" 4 => "K. Mori" 5 => "J. Barasch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00467-006-0055-0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Nephrol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "856" "paginaFinal" => "863" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16528543" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is associated with kidney function in uraemic patients before and after kidney transplantation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N.E. Magnusson" 1 => "M. Hornum" 2 => "K.A. Jørgensen" 3 => "J.M. Hansen" 4 => "C. Bistrup" 5 => "B. Feldt-Rasmussen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2369-10-8" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Nephrol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "8" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19284599" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin correlates with kidney function in renal allograft recipients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Malyszko" 1 => "J.S. Malyszko" 2 => "M. Mysliwiec" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01034.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Transplant" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "681" "paginaFinal" => "686" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19708926" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0161642014006885" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01616420" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/02116995/0000003500000004/v3_201511070033/S0211699515000764/v3_201511070033/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "43982" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cartas al Director: Comunicaciones breves de investigación o experiencias clínicas" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02116995/0000003500000004/v3_201511070033/S0211699515000764/v3_201511070033/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0211699515000764?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
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