Efficacy of High Permeability Haemodialysis in Acute Renal Failure due to Vancomycin
Eficacia de hemodiálisis de alta permeabilidad en el fracaso renal agudo por vancomicina
Read
10710
Timeswas read the article
2382
Total PDF
8328
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:21 [ "pii" => "X2013251414054421" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12630" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2014;34:688-90" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 6000 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 318 "HTML" => 4989 "PDF" => 693 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:17 [ "pii" => "X0211699514054424" "issn" => "02116995" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12630" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2014;34:688-90" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 6768 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 298 "HTML" => 5824 "PDF" => 646 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Eficacia de hemodiálisis de alta permeabilidad en el fracaso renal agudo por vancomicina" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "688" "paginaFinal" => "690" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy of High Permeability Haemodialysis in Acute Renal Failure due to Vancomycin" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "12630_19904_59544_es_12630_f1.jpg" "Alto" => 413 "Ancho" => 567 "Tamanyo" => 166056 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Evolución de los niveles de vancomicina y diuresis." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan A. Martín-Navarro, Vladimir Petkov-Stoyanov, María J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan A." "apellidos" => "Martín-Navarro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Vladimir" "apellidos" => "Petkov-Stoyanov" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María J." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "X2013251414054421" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12630" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414054421?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699514054424?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/02116995/0000003400000005/v0_201502091337/X0211699514054424/v0_201502091338/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [ "pii" => "X2013251414054679" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12580" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2014;34:690-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5274 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 289 "HTML" => 4373 "PDF" => 612 ] ] "en" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "An atypical case of anti-GBM antibody disease with renal function deterioration from normal to end stage renal disease" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "690" "paginaFinal" => "692" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "12580_19904_58355_en_12580_f1.jpg" "Alto" => 565 "Ancho" => 570 "Tamanyo" => 448836 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "First renal biopsy from the patient." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Tolga Yildirim, Dilek Ertoy-Baydar, Ercan Turkmen, Rahmi Yilmaz, Yunus Erdem" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tolga" "apellidos" => "Yildirim" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Dilek" "apellidos" => "Ertoy-Baydar" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ercan" "apellidos" => "Turkmen" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rahmi" "apellidos" => "Yilmaz" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yunus" "apellidos" => "Erdem" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "X0211699514054671" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12580" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699514054671?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414054679?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/20132514/0000003400000005/v0_201502091605/X2013251414054679/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "X201325141405443X" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12108" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2014;34:688" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4437 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 322 "HTML" => 3469 "PDF" => 646 ] ] "en" => array:8 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Rapid response to high cut-off haemodialysis and bortezomib therapy in a patient with acute renal failure and plasma cells dyscrasia" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "688" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Gioacchino Li-Cavoli, Francesco Di Bassiano, Calogera Tortorici, Luisa Bono, Angelo Ferrantelli, Carlo Giammarresi, Rita Passantino, Ugo Rotolo" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gioacchino" "apellidos" => "Li-Cavoli" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francesco" "apellidos" => "Di Bassiano" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Calogera" "apellidos" => "Tortorici" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luisa" "apellidos" => "Bono" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Angelo" "apellidos" => "Ferrantelli" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlo" "apellidos" => "Giammarresi" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rita" "apellidos" => "Passantino" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ugo" "apellidos" => "Rotolo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "X0211699514054432" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jun.12108" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699514054432?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X201325141405443X?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/20132514/0000003400000005/v0_201502091605/X201325141405443X/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Efficacy of High Permeability Haemodialysis in Acute Renal Failure due to Vancomycin" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "688" "paginaFinal" => "690" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan A. Martín-Navarro, Vladimir Petkov-Stoyanov, María J. Gutiérrez-Sánchez" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juan A." "apellidos" => "Martín-Navarro" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "juanmartinnav@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Vladimir" "apellidos" => "Petkov-Stoyanov" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María J." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-Sánchez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sección de Nefrología, Hospital del Tajo, Aranjuez, Madrid, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Eficacia de hemodiálisis de alta permeabilidad en el fracaso renal agudo por vancomicina" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "12630_16025_61480_en_f112630.jpg" "Alto" => 995 "Ancho" => 1377 "Tamanyo" => 225458 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evolution of vancomycin levels and diuresis." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">To the Editor,</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> </p><p class="elsevierStylePara">It was classically accepted that vancomycin excretion through low permeability membranes during conventional haemodialysis (HD) was negligible (less than 5%). With high permeability membranes this has changed, which has important effects when treating vancomycin overdose. We report a case of acute oliguric renal failure secondary to vancomycin overdose resolved by the use of standard HD with high-permeability membranes.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An 83-year-old male with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had suffered a myocardial infarction 10 years before and with cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease, was admitted with aspirative pneumonia. He was treated with amlodipine, metformin, aspirin, repaglinide and risperidone. On arrival he was suffering from moderate prerenal kidney failure (plasma creatinine [Cr]: 1.7mg/dl, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the MDRD-4 formula [eGFR]: 40ml/min/1.73m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>), which after being corrected stabilized (Cr: 0.95mg/dl, eGFR 80ml/min/1.73m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>), with elemental anodyne urine. He was treated with furosemide piperacillin and tazobactam. Due to a poor prognosis, intravenous vancomycin was added on the fifth day at 0.5g/12 hours (13mg/kg/day). Between the tenth and twelfth day urine volume decreased (200-400ml/day) and Cr 6.3mg/dl (eGFR: 9 ml/min/1.73m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>) and elemental urine were seen suggestive of acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Doppler Ultrasound: preserved kidney size with no hydronephrosis with preserved intrarenal vasculature. Immunology and viral serology were negative. In 48 hours, Cr rose to 8.4mg/dl (eGFR: 6.5ml/min/1.73m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>). General condition worsened, with mild fever disorientation, drowsiness, dysarthria, and slight fever. Vancomycin levels (last dose 48 hours before): 87.7µg/ml. No eosinophilia, eosinophiluria, skin or joint symptoms. The general condition of the patient was not appropriate for renal biopsy and the patient was diagnosed with acute kidney injury network (AKIN) III due to acute tubular necrosis secondary to vancomycin overdose. Acute HD was performed with a high permeability polyamide membrane (poliflux 21 H, Gambro®) 2.1m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> surface, 50 microns thickness and ultrafiltration coefficient (KUF) 85ml/hx mmHg for 4 hours, with a blood flow of 350 ml/min and 800ml/min. Following the session, vancomycin levels went down to 69.9µg/ml, due to an elimination of 20.3% and t<span class="elsevierStyleInf">½</span> of 12.6 hours. Two hours later, levels remained stable (65.5µg/ml). After a second session 24 hours later using an on line technique levels were at 41.6mg/ml (percentage of reduction: 40.48% and t½: 6.13 hours). Three sessions of standard HD were performed with reduction percentages between 30-56% (Figure 1). Significant rebound was only seen between the fourth and fifth session, separated by 72 hours. The patient’s general condition gradually improved, fever disappeared and he recovered neurologically. During the following days, urine output increased progressively.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> </p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Vancomycin has a half-life of 4-6 hours (54-180 hours in terminal renal failure<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>), 55% protein binding and 1500 Da molecular weight. It is eliminated by glomerular filtration. There are two causes of acute renal failure due to vancomycin acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and ATN due to direct toxicity on proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2 </span>due to impurities related to its synthesis ("Mississippi mud"). Most cases present aggravating factors<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>: concomitant treatment with aminoglycosides or diuretics, treatment during more than 21 days, high APACHE score (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation), obesity, trough concentration> 28µg/ml and doses >4g/day. Cuprophane and cellulose triacetate membranes do not eliminate substances with a molecular weight >500Da, so that the decrease in concentration using these membranes is considered negligible. High permeability membranes have increased removal to 50%<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span>. The most efficient techniques are thought to be charcoal haemoperfusion, haemodiafiltration and high permeability standard HD, without greater effectivity of any having been clearly demonstrated.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Using biopsy diagnosis, we found 11 cases of acute renal failure: 63% had acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and 45% acute tubular nephritis (ATN)<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-10</span>, and 4 cases that did not undergo biopsy, required high permeability HD or charcoal haemoperfusion. Patient ages ranged from 8 to 79, vancomycin doses from 1-2g/day, 40-60mg/kg/day, during 2-7 days in cases of ATN and 2-30 days in cases of AIN, with trough levels between 45.8 to 420µg/l. 92.8% of ATN cases recovered the baseline GFR despite needing acute HD. In all cases, high permeability membranes were used that achieved reductions of 50-73%.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> </p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In our case, the patient required five sessions. In the first, purification efficiency was mild (20.23%); in the second, on line, it was significantly higher (40.48%), and during the others vancomycin concentration reduction ranged from 30-56%. Clinical, neurological and renal function evolution were satisfactory, with recovery of volume of diuresis and GFR in two weeks. In view of this case, we conclude that standard HD with highly permeable membranes is an effective treatment for acute renal failure caused by secondary ATN due to vancomycin overdose.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the contents of this article.<span class="elsevierStyleBold"> </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande/12630_16025_61480_en_f112630.jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="12630_16025_61480_en_f112630.jpg" alt="Evolution of vancomycin levels and diuresis. "></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1. Evolution of vancomycin levels and diuresis. </p>" "pdfFichero" => "P1-E574-S4714-A12630-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437694" "palabras" => array:1 [ 0 => "Haemodialysis" ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437696" "palabras" => array:1 [ 0 => "Acute tubular necrosis" ] ] 2 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437698" "palabras" => array:1 [ 0 => "Vancomycin" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "12630_16025_61480_en_f112630.jpg" "Alto" => 995 "Ancho" => 1377 "Tamanyo" => 225458 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evolution of vancomycin levels and diuresis." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Matzke GR, McGory RW, Halstenson CE, Keane WF. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with various degrees of renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:433-7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6732213" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Shah-Khan F, Scheetz MH, Ghossein C. Biopsy-Proven Acute Tubular Necrosis due to Vancomycin Toxicity. Int J Nephrol 2011;2011:436856." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Bunchman TE, Valentini RP, Gardner J, Mottes T, Kudelka T, Maxvold NJ. Treatment of vancomycin overdose using high-efficiency dialysis membranes. Pediatr Nephrol 1999;13(9):773-4. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10603118" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Foote EF, Dreitlein WB, Steward CA, Kapoian T, Walker JA, Sherman RA. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin administered during high flux hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 1998;50:51-5. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9710347" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ulinski T, Deschênes G, Bensman A. Large-pore haemodialysis membranes: an efficient tool for rapid removal of vancomycin after accidental overdose. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20(7):1517-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886214" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Wu CY, Wang JS, Chiou YH, Chen CY, Su YT. Biopsy proven acute tubular necrosis associated with vancomycin in a child: case report and literature review. Ren Fail 2007;29(8):1059-61. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067058" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Wicklow BA, Ogborn MR, Gibson IW, Blydt-Hansen TD. Biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis in a child attributed to vancomycin intoxication. Pediatr Nephrol 2006;21(8):1194-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16721580" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Sokol H, Vigneau C, Maury E, Guidet B, Offenstadt G. Biopsy-proven anuric acute tubular necrosis associated with vancomycin and one dose of aminoside. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19(7):1921-2. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199201" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Htike NL, Santoro J, Gilbert B, Elfenbein IB, Teehan G. Biopsy-proven vancomycin-associated interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012;16:320-4. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086124" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Panzarino VM, Feldstein TJ, Kashtan CE. Charcoal hemoperfusion in a child with vancomycin overdose and chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 1998;12:63-4. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9502571" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000003400000005/v0_201502091605/X2013251414054421/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35437" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor - Brief Case Reports" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003400000005/v0_201502091605/X2013251414054421/v0_201502091606/en/P1-E574-S4714-A12630-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414054421?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2024 October | 54 | 31 | 85 |
| 2024 September | 85 | 24 | 109 |
| 2024 August | 89 | 59 | 148 |
| 2024 July | 58 | 33 | 91 |
| 2024 June | 88 | 44 | 132 |
| 2024 May | 109 | 39 | 148 |
| 2024 April | 116 | 35 | 151 |
| 2024 March | 75 | 28 | 103 |
| 2024 February | 56 | 39 | 95 |
| 2024 January | 63 | 25 | 88 |
| 2023 December | 38 | 29 | 67 |
| 2023 November | 63 | 35 | 98 |
| 2023 October | 94 | 26 | 120 |
| 2023 September | 112 | 29 | 141 |
| 2023 August | 79 | 20 | 99 |
| 2023 July | 123 | 29 | 152 |
| 2023 June | 92 | 18 | 110 |
| 2023 May | 79 | 40 | 119 |
| 2023 April | 80 | 15 | 95 |
| 2023 March | 92 | 21 | 113 |
| 2023 February | 65 | 22 | 87 |
| 2023 January | 34 | 18 | 52 |
| 2022 December | 50 | 27 | 77 |
| 2022 November | 54 | 32 | 86 |
| 2022 October | 55 | 49 | 104 |
| 2022 September | 35 | 20 | 55 |
| 2022 August | 44 | 46 | 90 |
| 2022 July | 39 | 47 | 86 |
| 2022 June | 38 | 30 | 68 |
| 2022 May | 33 | 37 | 70 |
| 2022 April | 52 | 39 | 91 |
| 2022 March | 57 | 36 | 93 |
| 2022 February | 69 | 32 | 101 |
| 2022 January | 73 | 37 | 110 |
| 2021 December | 40 | 33 | 73 |
| 2021 November | 50 | 36 | 86 |
| 2021 October | 48 | 39 | 87 |
| 2021 September | 42 | 37 | 79 |
| 2021 August | 32 | 38 | 70 |
| 2021 July | 33 | 25 | 58 |
| 2021 June | 30 | 26 | 56 |
| 2021 May | 97 | 35 | 132 |
| 2021 April | 104 | 81 | 185 |
| 2021 March | 55 | 49 | 104 |
| 2021 February | 29 | 20 | 49 |
| 2021 January | 28 | 16 | 44 |
| 2020 December | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2020 November | 35 | 17 | 52 |
| 2020 October | 37 | 24 | 61 |
| 2020 September | 33 | 6 | 39 |
| 2020 August | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2020 July | 58 | 9 | 67 |
| 2020 June | 51 | 18 | 69 |
| 2020 May | 29 | 13 | 42 |
| 2020 April | 36 | 19 | 55 |
| 2020 March | 38 | 23 | 61 |
| 2020 February | 51 | 26 | 77 |
| 2020 January | 62 | 15 | 77 |
| 2019 December | 55 | 22 | 77 |
| 2019 November | 40 | 26 | 66 |
| 2019 October | 43 | 18 | 61 |
| 2019 September | 41 | 15 | 56 |
| 2019 August | 48 | 18 | 66 |
| 2019 July | 45 | 21 | 66 |
| 2019 June | 35 | 19 | 54 |
| 2019 May | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2019 April | 80 | 25 | 105 |
| 2019 March | 40 | 23 | 63 |
| 2019 February | 30 | 18 | 48 |
| 2019 January | 32 | 15 | 47 |
| 2018 December | 81 | 28 | 109 |
| 2018 November | 98 | 15 | 113 |
| 2018 October | 75 | 16 | 91 |
| 2018 September | 72 | 16 | 88 |
| 2018 August | 48 | 16 | 64 |
| 2018 July | 61 | 16 | 77 |
| 2018 June | 59 | 17 | 76 |
| 2018 May | 55 | 18 | 73 |
| 2018 April | 78 | 12 | 90 |
| 2018 March | 50 | 8 | 58 |
| 2018 February | 63 | 10 | 73 |
| 2018 January | 72 | 15 | 87 |
| 2017 December | 62 | 7 | 69 |
| 2017 November | 69 | 11 | 80 |
| 2017 October | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2017 September | 49 | 7 | 56 |
| 2017 August | 62 | 17 | 79 |
| 2017 July | 60 | 10 | 70 |
| 2017 June | 84 | 19 | 103 |
| 2017 May | 87 | 11 | 98 |
| 2017 April | 61 | 20 | 81 |
| 2017 March | 53 | 10 | 63 |
| 2017 February | 51 | 19 | 70 |
| 2017 January | 28 | 17 | 45 |
| 2016 December | 82 | 18 | 100 |
| 2016 November | 99 | 23 | 122 |
| 2016 October | 163 | 23 | 186 |
| 2016 September | 165 | 3 | 168 |
| 2016 August | 232 | 6 | 238 |
| 2016 July | 301 | 9 | 310 |
| 2016 June | 186 | 0 | 186 |
| 2016 May | 171 | 0 | 171 |
| 2016 April | 130 | 0 | 130 |
| 2016 March | 131 | 0 | 131 |
| 2016 February | 161 | 0 | 161 |
| 2016 January | 149 | 0 | 149 |
| 2015 December | 142 | 0 | 142 |
| 2015 November | 116 | 0 | 116 |
| 2015 October | 149 | 0 | 149 |
| 2015 September | 104 | 0 | 104 |
| 2015 August | 104 | 0 | 104 |
| 2015 July | 111 | 0 | 111 |
| 2015 June | 53 | 0 | 53 |
| 2015 May | 100 | 0 | 100 |
| 2015 April | 10 | 0 | 10 |
Show all
