Treatment of infection due to hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis
Tratamiento de la infección por virus de la hepatitis C en hemodiálisis
Read
8687
Timeswas read the article
2317
Total PDF
6370
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:21 [ "pii" => "X2013251414053505" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Sep.12268" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-01-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2014;34:132-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5084 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 293 "HTML" => 4101 "PDF" => 690 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:17 [ "pii" => "X0211699514053508" "issn" => "02116995" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Sep.12268" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-01-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2014;34:132-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 8847 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 337 "HTML" => 7685 "PDF" => 825 ] ] "es" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Tratamiento de la infección por virus de la hepatitis C en hemodiálisis" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "133" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Treatment of infection due to hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Patricia Hidalgo-Collazos, Laura Marín-Ventura, Rosa Sánchez, Laura García-López, M. Teresa Criado-Illana" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Hidalgo-Collazos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "Marín-Ventura" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rosa" "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "García-López" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M. Teresa" "apellidos" => "Criado-Illana" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "X2013251414053505" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Sep.12268" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414053505?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699514053508?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/02116995/0000003400000001/v0_201502091353/X0211699514053508/v0_201502091354/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [ "pii" => "X2013251414053490" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Aug.12197" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-01-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2014;34:134-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5465 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 320 "HTML" => 4576 "PDF" => 569 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and elevated parathyroid hormone, a difficult differential diagnosis?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "134" "paginaFinal" => "135" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hipocalcemia, hiperfosforemia y elevación de la paratohormona, ¿un arduo diagnóstico diferencial?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "12197_16025_54643_en_f112197.jpg" "Alto" => 758 "Ancho" => 1387 "Tamanyo" => 194524 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Progression of calcium and phosphorus (mg/dl) prior to diagnosis and from the start of treatment." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Pilar Fraile-Gómez, Marc H. Blanc, Óscar Segurado-Tostón, Pedro García-Cosmes, José M. Tabernero-Romo" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pilar" "apellidos" => "Fraile-Gómez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marc H." "apellidos" => "Blanc" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Óscar" "apellidos" => "Segurado-Tostón" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "García-Cosmes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José M." "apellidos" => "Tabernero-Romo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "X0211699514053493" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Aug.12197" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699514053493?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414053490?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/20132514/0000003400000001/v0_201502091619/X2013251414053490/v0_201502091620/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "X2013251414053513" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Sep.12270" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-01-01" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2014;34:131-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 7695 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 286 "HTML" => 6733 "PDF" => 676 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Acquired perforating dermatosis in patients with chronic renal failure. A report of two cases and a review of the literature" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "131" "paginaFinal" => "132" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dermatosis perforante adquirida en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "12270_16025_54651_en_f112270_copy1.jpg" "Alto" => 598 "Ancho" => 651 "Tamanyo" => 227151 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pretibial lesion." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "José M. Graña, Llanos Lorente, Carmen Ortega, Yolanda Blanco, María Aparicio, Franz Fernández, Esther Bea, Belén Alemany, Miguel Candel" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José M." "apellidos" => "Graña" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Llanos" "apellidos" => "Lorente" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carmen" "apellidos" => "Ortega" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yolanda" "apellidos" => "Blanco" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Aparicio" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Franz" "apellidos" => "Fernández" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Esther" "apellidos" => "Bea" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Belén" "apellidos" => "Alemany" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Miguel" "apellidos" => "Candel" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "X0211699514053516" "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.Sep.12270" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699514053516?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414053513?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/20132514/0000003400000001/v0_201502091619/X2013251414053513/v0_201502091620/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Treatment of infection due to hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "133" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Patricia Hidalgo-Collazos, Laura Marín-Ventura, Rosa Sánchez, Laura García-López, M. Teresa Criado-Illana" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Hidalgo-Collazos" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "paty_tisia@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "Marín-Ventura" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rosa" "apellidos" => "Sánchez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "affb" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "García-López" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M. Teresa" "apellidos" => "Criado-Illana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital General de Segovia, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General de Segovia, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "affb" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tratamiento de la infección por virus de la hepatitis C en hemodiálisis" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">To the Editor:</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Chronic hepatitis due to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) reduces survival in haemodialysis and kidney transplant and graft survival, as well as worsening liver disease, increasing the frequency of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis and accelerating the progression to cirrhosis,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span> particularly in kidney transplant patients or those with hepatocellular carcinoma.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We report the case of a 67-year-old female, with a dry weight of 41.5kg and a history of CRF secondary to Alport syndrome. The patient underwent deceased donor renal transplantation in May 1995 after receiving peritoneal dialysis over a one-year period. The patient initially displayed acute vascular rejection and did not respond to corticosteroids, and as such, she was treated with muromonab (OKT3), and her creatinine levels remained stable. She subsequently presented with chronic allograft nephropathy with elevated levels of anti-HLA-2 antibodies and received immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. In 2003, a liver biopsy was performed and the results were consistent with chronic periportal hepatitis due to HCV genotype 2, functional CPD8 and MEDE of 15-17. At this time, she had fluid retention with ascites and started haemodialysis due to a deterioration of her general condition, severe acidosis, resistant high blood pressure and symptomatic uraemia along with hepatic encephalopathy.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient initially displayed a viral load (VL) of 2,790,000 copies/ml. However, after 4 months on haemodialysis, this decreased (43,200 copies/ml). Treatment was started with 135μg/week peginterferon and 200mg/day ribavirin,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> although due to a haemoglobin decrease to 9.3g/dl in week 10, we decreased the ribavirin dose to 200mg/48h in non-dialysis days, with a break one day a week; we also increased the darbepoetin and erythropoietin dose. In week 16, we decreased the peginterferon dose to 135μg/14 days due to a decrease in platelets to 77,000μl.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient had a rapid viral response (negative VL in week 4), maintaining viral suppression until the end of the 38-week treatment.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">After 3 weeks of treatment with combination therapy, we decreased the darbepoetin and erythropoietin dose to 30mg/week due to haematocrit of 41.2% and intravenous iron administration was discontinued; an improvement in residual renal function was also observed (glomerular filtration rate  = 15ml/min, Kt/V: 1.8), with dialysis frequency being reduced to 2 days/week. However, although there was still acceptable residual clearance and diuresis, it was necessary to increase the frequency of dialysis to 3 times/week due to high blood pressure with hyperphosphataemia and acidosis.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Twenty-four days after the end of treatment, a sustained viral response was confirmed, with an improvement in liver disease and normalisation of transaminases, and the patient was included in the dual kidney and liver transplant waiting list. However, she died a sudden death secondary to acute myocardial infarction before receiving a transplant.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Currently, treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin in patients with kidney disease is limited by creatinine clearance.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6 </span>The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span>, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span> and the Spanish Society of Nephrology<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span> guidelines do not recommend treating HCV in kidney transplant patients with peginterferon because it may cause acute rejection and/or acute interstitial nephropathy, or peginterferon in combination with ribavirin due to the risk of anaemia. In light of our results, we believe that it is possible to achieve a sustained viral response with combination therapy by carrying out a strict clinical control on the patient and minimising potential adverse effects, and thus achieve retransplantation in this patient group.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> </p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the contents of this article.</p>" "pdfFichero" => "P1-E565-S4505-A12268-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec439288" "palabras" => array:1 [ 0 => "Hepatitis C virus" ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec439290" "palabras" => array:1 [ 0 => "Haemodialysis" ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Marcelli D, Stannard D, Conte F, Held PJ, Locatelli F, Port FK. ESRD patient mortality with adjustment for comorbid conditions in Lombardy (Italy) versus the United States. Kidney Int 1996;50(3):1013-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8872978" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Nakayama E, Akiba T, Marumo F, Sato C. Prognosis of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody-positive patients on regular hemodialysis therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11(10):1896-902. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11004221" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Van Leusen R, Adang RP, de Vries RA, Cnossen TT, Konings CJ, Schalm SW, et al. Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (40 kD) and ribavirin in haemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23(2):721-5. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18042614" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ashley C, Currie A. Interferon alfa-2b and Rivabirin. In: The renal drug handbook. 3 ed. United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publising; 2009. pp. 387-8, 641-42." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "AEMPS. Ficha técnica de Pegasys®. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/es_ES/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000395/WC500039195.pdf. 6 Mayo 2013" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "AEMPS. Ficha técnica de Rebetol®. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/es_ES/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000246/WC500048210.pdf. 6 Mayo 2013" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "KDIGO. Guideline 4: Management of HCV-infected patients before and after kidney transplantation. [serie en internet: Kidney International (2008) 73 (Suppl 109)]. 2008. [cited 5 Mayo 2013]. Available at: http://www.kdigo.org/guidelines/hepc/guide4.html" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB; American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology 2009;49(4):1335-74. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19330875" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Akiba T, Hora K, Imawari M, Sato C, Tanaka E, Izumi N, et al. 2011 Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guidelines for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2012;16(4):289-310. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22817117" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Guías sobre enfermedades víricas en hemodiálisis (HD). 2003. [cited 6 Mayo 2013]. Available at: http://www.senefro.org/modules/webstructure/files/guiasvirusb.pdf?check_idfile=816" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000003400000001/v0_201502091619/X2013251414053505/v0_201502091620/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35437" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor - Brief Case Reports" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003400000001/v0_201502091619/X2013251414053505/v0_201502091620/en/P1-E565-S4505-A12268-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251414053505?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2024 October | 39 | 32 | 71 |
| 2024 September | 42 | 27 | 69 |
| 2024 August | 60 | 48 | 108 |
| 2024 July | 30 | 38 | 68 |
| 2024 June | 44 | 34 | 78 |
| 2024 May | 65 | 23 | 88 |
| 2024 April | 42 | 40 | 82 |
| 2024 March | 33 | 22 | 55 |
| 2024 February | 29 | 40 | 69 |
| 2024 January | 25 | 26 | 51 |
| 2023 December | 25 | 22 | 47 |
| 2023 November | 40 | 28 | 68 |
| 2023 October | 52 | 31 | 83 |
| 2023 September | 66 | 26 | 92 |
| 2023 August | 49 | 18 | 67 |
| 2023 July | 47 | 41 | 88 |
| 2023 June | 74 | 22 | 96 |
| 2023 May | 75 | 30 | 105 |
| 2023 April | 49 | 12 | 61 |
| 2023 March | 62 | 21 | 83 |
| 2023 February | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2023 January | 36 | 26 | 62 |
| 2022 December | 49 | 36 | 85 |
| 2022 November | 28 | 24 | 52 |
| 2022 October | 44 | 37 | 81 |
| 2022 September | 31 | 25 | 56 |
| 2022 August | 38 | 41 | 79 |
| 2022 July | 27 | 44 | 71 |
| 2022 June | 33 | 29 | 62 |
| 2022 May | 36 | 37 | 73 |
| 2022 April | 38 | 39 | 77 |
| 2022 March | 37 | 33 | 70 |
| 2022 February | 48 | 49 | 97 |
| 2022 January | 33 | 26 | 59 |
| 2021 December | 29 | 37 | 66 |
| 2021 November | 29 | 25 | 54 |
| 2021 October | 39 | 31 | 70 |
| 2021 September | 44 | 38 | 82 |
| 2021 August | 26 | 36 | 62 |
| 2021 July | 25 | 22 | 47 |
| 2021 June | 26 | 31 | 57 |
| 2021 May | 40 | 37 | 77 |
| 2021 April | 120 | 77 | 197 |
| 2021 March | 48 | 36 | 84 |
| 2021 February | 29 | 18 | 47 |
| 2021 January | 34 | 17 | 51 |
| 2020 December | 34 | 16 | 50 |
| 2020 November | 25 | 20 | 45 |
| 2020 October | 24 | 23 | 47 |
| 2020 September | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2020 August | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2020 July | 33 | 11 | 44 |
| 2020 June | 22 | 20 | 42 |
| 2020 May | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2020 April | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2020 March | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2020 February | 24 | 16 | 40 |
| 2020 January | 32 | 32 | 64 |
| 2019 December | 50 | 27 | 77 |
| 2019 November | 38 | 23 | 61 |
| 2019 October | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2019 September | 42 | 19 | 61 |
| 2019 August | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2019 July | 22 | 17 | 39 |
| 2019 June | 32 | 23 | 55 |
| 2019 May | 25 | 19 | 44 |
| 2019 April | 39 | 35 | 74 |
| 2019 March | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2019 February | 21 | 16 | 37 |
| 2019 January | 28 | 14 | 42 |
| 2018 December | 87 | 44 | 131 |
| 2018 November | 99 | 11 | 110 |
| 2018 October | 100 | 15 | 115 |
| 2018 September | 70 | 15 | 85 |
| 2018 August | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2018 July | 37 | 15 | 52 |
| 2018 June | 54 | 11 | 65 |
| 2018 May | 52 | 16 | 68 |
| 2018 April | 56 | 12 | 68 |
| 2018 March | 47 | 10 | 57 |
| 2018 February | 49 | 13 | 62 |
| 2018 January | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2017 December | 63 | 15 | 78 |
| 2017 November | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2017 October | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2017 September | 38 | 15 | 53 |
| 2017 August | 59 | 11 | 70 |
| 2017 July | 45 | 21 | 66 |
| 2017 June | 55 | 13 | 68 |
| 2017 May | 62 | 10 | 72 |
| 2017 April | 68 | 22 | 90 |
| 2017 March | 46 | 14 | 60 |
| 2017 February | 67 | 13 | 80 |
| 2017 January | 41 | 11 | 52 |
| 2016 December | 73 | 8 | 81 |
| 2016 November | 78 | 12 | 90 |
| 2016 October | 108 | 12 | 120 |
| 2016 September | 143 | 4 | 147 |
| 2016 August | 209 | 5 | 214 |
| 2016 July | 218 | 11 | 229 |
| 2016 June | 142 | 0 | 142 |
| 2016 May | 149 | 0 | 149 |
| 2016 April | 121 | 0 | 121 |
| 2016 March | 110 | 0 | 110 |
| 2016 February | 117 | 0 | 117 |
| 2016 January | 134 | 0 | 134 |
| 2015 December | 132 | 0 | 132 |
| 2015 November | 93 | 0 | 93 |
| 2015 October | 109 | 0 | 109 |
| 2015 September | 107 | 0 | 107 |
| 2015 August | 79 | 0 | 79 |
| 2015 July | 81 | 0 | 81 |
| 2015 June | 37 | 0 | 37 |
| 2015 May | 62 | 0 | 62 |
| 2015 April | 20 | 0 | 20 |
Show all
