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with birefringence in polarised light and immunohistochemical expression for amyloid A&#46; Staining with vascular endothelial growth factor &#40;VEGF&#41; and synaptopodin was intensely expressed in the podocytes &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46; The diagnosis was made of type AA renal amyloidosis with a glomerular&#47;vascular distribution&#46; Serology for human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; was negative&#44; and an immunological analysis ruled out the possibility of systemic or infectious disease&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An abdominal&#47;pelvic computerised axial tomography revealed a solid and heterogeneous mass of 9&#46;5cm in diameter and with calcifications that was in contact with the small intestine&#46; The resected section of the small intestine had a fleshy mesenteric tumour with no relation to the intestinal wall&#46; Histological analysis revealed that the tumour was an adenopathic mass with preserved structure and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia&#44; with a heterogeneous appearance &#40;Figure 2&#41;&#59; the paracortical region contained a diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells&#44; with no atypia and abundant Russell bodies&#46; Serology for herpesvirus 8 &#40;HHV8&#41; was negative&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In this case&#44; the histopathological diagnosis was plasma cell-type Castleman&#8217;s disease&#46; We also identified amyloid deposits in the perivascular region&#44; the paracortex&#44; and the submucosa of the small intestine&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The final diagnosis for our patient was systemic AA amyloidosis associated with Castleman&#8217;s disease&#44; plasma cell type&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Castleman&#8217;s disease is an uncommon and benign lymphoproliferative disease that presents in the form of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia&#46; In some cases it is associated with HIV or HHV8&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> It has also been correlated with malignant diseases such as Kaposi&#8217;s sarcoma and certain lymphomas&#46; Two distinct entities have been described&#58; localised and multi-centric&#44; which are very different in terms of prognosis&#46; Classically&#44; two different histological types have also been identified&#58; hyaline-vascular and plasma cell&#46; The localised hyaline-vascular type is the most common &#40;80&#37;&#41;&#59; it is asymptomatic and tends to have a benign prognosis&#46; The plasma cell type is associated with a more aggressive clinical progression and the presence of constitutional syndrome&#46; In contrast to the hyaline-vascular type&#44; multi-centric plasma cell type may be associated with infection by HHV8&#44; above all in patients with HIV&#46; Renal involvement in Castleman&#8217;s disease is uncommon&#44; but the most commonly described forms are thrombotic microangiopathic-like &#40;TMA-like&#41; and AA amyloidosis&#46; The prognosis for the renal damage&#44; once the cause is corrected&#44; appears to be based on the extent and intensity of the glomerular deposits as well as the vascular damage produced&#46; We are unaware of the reason why certain patients develop vascular lesions while others develop amyloidosis&#46; Some authors have suggested that the vascular lesion is mediated by a decreasing regulation of VEGF that is produced in these lymphoproliferative diseases&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> In our patient&#44; the conserved expression of both VEGF and synaptopodin&#44; a crucial protein in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier&#44; could be indicators for a good prognosis&#44; with potentially reversible proteinuria&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The cases that progress with amyloidosis AA tend to occur in patients with localised abdominal Castleman&#8217;s disease&#44; as occurred in our case&#58; long-term chronic inflammatory syndrome could contribute to the development of amyloidosis&#46; It is also believed to be mediated by high levels of interleukin 6&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-7</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In a young patient with AA renal amyloidosis and no other possible diagnosis&#44; plasma cell-type Castleman&#8217;s disease may be considered the cause&#46; A study of VEGF or synaptopodin expression can contribute to evaluating and establishing a prognosis for renal lessions&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11538&#95;16025&#95;35724&#95;en&#95;f111538&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11538_16025_35724_en_f111538.jpg" alt="Glomeruli with deposits of an amorphous red material&#46; Congo red stain"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Glomeruli with deposits of an amorphous red material&#46; Congo red stain</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11538&#95;16025&#95;35725&#95;en&#95;f211538&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11538_16025_35725_en_f211538.jpg" alt="Adenopathic mass with heterogeneous lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and preserved structure&#46; H-E 20x"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 2&#46; Adenopathic mass with heterogeneous lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and preserved structure&#46; H-E 20x</p>"
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Renal AA amyloidosis in a Castleman's disease patient
Amiloidosis renal AA en un paciente con enfermedad de Castleman
M. Teresa Caro-Cuencaa, Rosa Ortega-Salasa, Mario Espinosa-Hernándezb
a Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba,
b Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba,
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">To the Editor&#58; </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Castleman&#8217;s disease is a benign lymphoproliferative disease that develops in the form of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in which renal involvement is uncommon&#46; Only isolated case reports and small series &#40;20 patients&#41; have been reported&#46; The two most common types of lesions reported in these cases are thrombotic microangiopathy-like &#40;TMA-like&#41; and AA amyloidosis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Here&#44; we present the case of a 30-year-old male with a history of thalassemia minor and who was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function&#46; A renal biopsy revealed a mesangial deposit of an amorphous eosinophilic material prone to form nodules&#44; which was dispersed uniformly throughout the glomeruli and in small vessel walls&#46; This material was Congo red positive&#44; with birefringence in polarised light and immunohistochemical expression for amyloid A&#46; Staining with vascular endothelial growth factor &#40;VEGF&#41; and synaptopodin was intensely expressed in the podocytes &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46; The diagnosis was made of type AA renal amyloidosis with a glomerular&#47;vascular distribution&#46; Serology for human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; was negative&#44; and an immunological analysis ruled out the possibility of systemic or infectious disease&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An abdominal&#47;pelvic computerised axial tomography revealed a solid and heterogeneous mass of 9&#46;5cm in diameter and with calcifications that was in contact with the small intestine&#46; The resected section of the small intestine had a fleshy mesenteric tumour with no relation to the intestinal wall&#46; Histological analysis revealed that the tumour was an adenopathic mass with preserved structure and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia&#44; with a heterogeneous appearance &#40;Figure 2&#41;&#59; the paracortical region contained a diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells&#44; with no atypia and abundant Russell bodies&#46; Serology for herpesvirus 8 &#40;HHV8&#41; was negative&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In this case&#44; the histopathological diagnosis was plasma cell-type Castleman&#8217;s disease&#46; We also identified amyloid deposits in the perivascular region&#44; the paracortex&#44; and the submucosa of the small intestine&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The final diagnosis for our patient was systemic AA amyloidosis associated with Castleman&#8217;s disease&#44; plasma cell type&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Castleman&#8217;s disease is an uncommon and benign lymphoproliferative disease that presents in the form of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia&#46; In some cases it is associated with HIV or HHV8&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> It has also been correlated with malignant diseases such as Kaposi&#8217;s sarcoma and certain lymphomas&#46; Two distinct entities have been described&#58; localised and multi-centric&#44; which are very different in terms of prognosis&#46; Classically&#44; two different histological types have also been identified&#58; hyaline-vascular and plasma cell&#46; The localised hyaline-vascular type is the most common &#40;80&#37;&#41;&#59; it is asymptomatic and tends to have a benign prognosis&#46; The plasma cell type is associated with a more aggressive clinical progression and the presence of constitutional syndrome&#46; In contrast to the hyaline-vascular type&#44; multi-centric plasma cell type may be associated with infection by HHV8&#44; above all in patients with HIV&#46; Renal involvement in Castleman&#8217;s disease is uncommon&#44; but the most commonly described forms are thrombotic microangiopathic-like &#40;TMA-like&#41; and AA amyloidosis&#46; The prognosis for the renal damage&#44; once the cause is corrected&#44; appears to be based on the extent and intensity of the glomerular deposits as well as the vascular damage produced&#46; We are unaware of the reason why certain patients develop vascular lesions while others develop amyloidosis&#46; Some authors have suggested that the vascular lesion is mediated by a decreasing regulation of VEGF that is produced in these lymphoproliferative diseases&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> In our patient&#44; the conserved expression of both VEGF and synaptopodin&#44; a crucial protein in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier&#44; could be indicators for a good prognosis&#44; with potentially reversible proteinuria&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The cases that progress with amyloidosis AA tend to occur in patients with localised abdominal Castleman&#8217;s disease&#44; as occurred in our case&#58; long-term chronic inflammatory syndrome could contribute to the development of amyloidosis&#46; It is also believed to be mediated by high levels of interleukin 6&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-7</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In a young patient with AA renal amyloidosis and no other possible diagnosis&#44; plasma cell-type Castleman&#8217;s disease may be considered the cause&#46; A study of VEGF or synaptopodin expression can contribute to evaluating and establishing a prognosis for renal lessions&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11538&#95;16025&#95;35724&#95;en&#95;f111538&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11538_16025_35724_en_f111538.jpg" alt="Glomeruli with deposits of an amorphous red material&#46; Congo red stain"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Glomeruli with deposits of an amorphous red material&#46; Congo red stain</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11538&#95;16025&#95;35725&#95;en&#95;f211538&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11538_16025_35725_en_f211538.jpg" alt="Adenopathic mass with heterogeneous lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and preserved structure&#46; H-E 20x"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 2&#46; Adenopathic mass with heterogeneous lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and preserved structure&#46; H-E 20x</p>"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Yoshizaki K, Matsuda T, Nishimoto N. Pathogenic significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2) in Castleman¿s disease. Blood 1989;74:1360-7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2788466" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
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Article information
ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
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