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and the treatment administered was primarily conventional haemodialysis with biocompatible filters&#46; The distribution of renal diseases was similar to rates in previous studies&#44; with a higher frequency of nephroangiosclerosis&#44; diabetic nephropathy&#44; and of an unknown aetiology&#44; with similar percentages&#46; We analysed the standard demographic and biological indicators related to dialysis treatment&#44; anaemia&#44; iron parameters&#44; renal osteodystrophy&#44; etc&#46; We would also like to highlight certain characteristics of the patients who passed away&#44; given their homogeneity&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The prevalence during 2011 is summarised in Table 1&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Some 30&#37; of both prevalent and incident patients were diabetic&#44; and 36&#37; had a Charlson index &#62;7&#46; Only 3 patients underwent dialysis treatment more than 3 days per week&#44; and none underwent less than 3 sessions per week&#46; Gross mortality was 11&#46;68&#37;&#44; with normal hospitalisation rates and duration of hospital stay&#46; We observed positive results with permanent catheters&#58; Kt&#47;V &#40;1&#46;37&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> &#40;Table 2&#41; was similar to rates with fistulas&#46; Furthermore&#44; there was a very low rate of infections &#40;1 bacteraemia in 22 permanent catheters in place for at least 3 months&#41;&#46; Values for renal osteodystrophy were acceptable&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;55 in 70&#37;&#44; CaxP&#60;55 in 73&#37;&#44; and parathyroid hormone &#40;PTH&#41; &#60;300 in 70&#37;&#46; There were no cases of PTH&#62;800 &#43; CaxP&#62;55&#44; thus no need for parathyroidectomy&#46; All parameters for treated water and vaccinations were fulfilled without exception&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span> We were satisfied that 80&#37; of the patients starting dialysis treatment were referred from specialists and only 20&#37; from emergency departments &#40;pericarditis&#44; uraemic coma&#44; etc&#46;&#44; and some patients that abandoned regular visits&#41;&#46; However&#44; we were unable to reach adequate Hb levels &#40;11-13g&#47;dl&#41; in 90&#37; of patients&#44; as is suggested by standard guidelines&#46; We only reached adequate Hb levels in 55&#37; of cases&#46; Furthermore&#44; despite having a predialysis unit for patients with renal failure&#44; a catheter was needed in the first session in approximately 50&#37; of patients&#44; not always due to the lack of an established vascular access&#44; but rather inadequate performance by the already created vascular access in elderly patients&#46; We also failed to comply with the recommended fistula&#58;catheter ratio&#44; resulting in a 3&#47;1 value&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The most interesting results were those aspects that deviated from guideline objectives&#58; the only patients that died were older than 80 years &#40;mean&#58; 85 years&#41;&#59; except for one case&#44; none responded to vaccination&#59; and in more than half of all deaths&#44; the patient left treatment several days or weeks before dying&#44; rather than prolonging regressive situations without recourse&#46; However&#44; the mean duration on haemodialysis in these patients that died was 21 months&#44; which should be taken into account when evaluating patient age upon inclusion in the programme&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">No patients included in the treatment programme produced unexpected emergencies&#44; although 2 cases occurred in patients in predialysis &#40;pulmonary oedema&#41; and 4 life-threatening situations were produced in previously unknown patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">To conclude&#58; in our experience&#44; the positive results in permanent catheters are due to the total freedom in our unit for inserting&#44; removing&#44; replacing&#44; and choosing catheters&#44; for which we owe eternal thanks to Dr Forascepi&#59; there is nothing like working closely with the patient to improve our results&#46; Secondly&#44; the few emergencies that were produced in prevalent dialysis patients were closely related to the referral of cardiologically unstable patients to peritoneal dialysis &#40;essential collaboration from the Hospital Central de Asturias&#41;&#44; and in some cases due to administering extra scheduled dialysis&#46; Finally&#44; avoiding unnecessarily prolonged treatment in certain patients with very low life expectancy and poor quality of life is an obvious goal&#44; and we are focused on avoiding unnecessary suffering and ethical issues&#44; etc&#46;&#44; for heavily burdened families&#46; In our opinion&#44; senile patients with an acceptable quality of life should be included in this treatment programme&#46; We need to improve many aspects of the treatment that we provide&#44; but always with the patient&#8217;s needs in mind&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors affirm that they have no conflicts of interest related to the content of this article&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11397&#95;16025&#95;30585&#95;en&#95;t1&#95;611397&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11397_16025_30585_en_t1_611397.jpg" alt="Prevalence during 2011"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; Prevalence during 2011</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11397&#95;16025&#95;30586&#95;en&#95;t2&#95;611397&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11397_16025_30586_en_t2_611397.jpg" alt="Vascular access and Kt&#47;V"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 2&#46; Vascular access and Kt&#47;V</p>"
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Monitoring haemodialysis in the Cabueñes Hospital
Monitorización en hemodiálisis en el Hospital de Cabueñes
Ana Suárez-Laurésa, Luis Quiñones-Ortiza, Miguel de la Torre-Fernándeza, Adolfo Torres-Lacallea, Montse de Pablos-Pabloa, Susana Puccinib, Ramón Forascepi-Rozaa
a Sección de Nefrología, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias,
b In memoriam,
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">In 2007&#44; the Quality Management Group from the Spanish Society of Nephrology proposed a system for monitoring haemodialysis with the objective of establishing a standardised protocol for implementation&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> in accordance with the KDOQI guidelines from previous years&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2-5 </span>In this context&#44; we registered the data for our unit&#44; which treats approximately 300&#160;000 inhabitants&#44; subtracting the 50&#37; that undergo dialysis from the Spanish Red Cross&#44; approximately 150&#160;000 patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We included the information for all patients on dialysis in our hospital during 2011 in our analysis&#46; This produced a total of 77 patients&#59; of them&#44; 31 were included in the study over the course of the year&#44; yielding a final prevalence of 47 patients&#46; The mean age was 68&#46;07 years&#44; 69&#37; were male&#44; 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with normal hospitalisation rates and duration of hospital stay&#46; We observed positive results with permanent catheters&#58; Kt&#47;V &#40;1&#46;37&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> &#40;Table 2&#41; was similar to rates with fistulas&#46; Furthermore&#44; there was a very low rate of infections &#40;1 bacteraemia in 22 permanent catheters in place for at least 3 months&#41;&#46; Values for renal osteodystrophy were acceptable&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;55 in 70&#37;&#44; CaxP&#60;55 in 73&#37;&#44; and parathyroid hormone &#40;PTH&#41; &#60;300 in 70&#37;&#46; There were no cases of PTH&#62;800 &#43; CaxP&#62;55&#44; thus no need for parathyroidectomy&#46; All parameters for treated water and vaccinations were fulfilled without exception&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span> We were satisfied that 80&#37; of the patients starting dialysis treatment were referred from specialists and only 20&#37; from emergency departments &#40;pericarditis&#44; uraemic coma&#44; etc&#46;&#44; and some patients that abandoned regular visits&#41;&#46; However&#44; we were unable to reach adequate Hb levels &#40;11-13g&#47;dl&#41; in 90&#37; of patients&#44; as is suggested by standard guidelines&#46; We only reached adequate Hb levels in 55&#37; of cases&#46; Furthermore&#44; despite having a predialysis unit for patients with renal failure&#44; a catheter was needed in the first session in approximately 50&#37; of patients&#44; not always due to the lack of an established vascular access&#44; but rather inadequate performance by the already created vascular access in elderly patients&#46; We also failed to comply with the recommended fistula&#58;catheter ratio&#44; resulting in a 3&#47;1 value&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The most interesting results were those aspects that deviated from guideline objectives&#58; the only patients that died were older than 80 years &#40;mean&#58; 85 years&#41;&#59; except for one case&#44; none responded to vaccination&#59; and in more than half of all deaths&#44; the patient left treatment several days or weeks before dying&#44; rather than prolonging regressive situations without recourse&#46; However&#44; the mean duration on haemodialysis in these patients that died was 21 months&#44; which should be taken into account when evaluating patient age upon inclusion in the programme&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">No patients included in the treatment programme produced unexpected emergencies&#44; although 2 cases occurred in patients in predialysis &#40;pulmonary oedema&#41; and 4 life-threatening situations were produced in previously unknown patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">To conclude&#58; in our experience&#44; the positive results in permanent catheters are due to the total freedom in our unit for inserting&#44; removing&#44; replacing&#44; and choosing catheters&#44; for which we owe eternal thanks to Dr Forascepi&#59; there is nothing like working closely with the patient to improve our results&#46; Secondly&#44; the few emergencies that were produced in prevalent dialysis patients were closely related to the referral of cardiologically unstable patients to peritoneal dialysis &#40;essential collaboration from the Hospital Central de Asturias&#41;&#44; and in some cases due to administering extra scheduled dialysis&#46; Finally&#44; avoiding unnecessarily prolonged treatment in certain patients with very low life expectancy and poor quality of life is an obvious goal&#44; and we are focused on avoiding unnecessary suffering and ethical issues&#44; etc&#46;&#44; for heavily burdened families&#46; In our opinion&#44; senile patients with an acceptable quality of life should be included in this treatment programme&#46; We need to improve many aspects of the treatment that we provide&#44; but always with the patient&#8217;s needs in mind&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors affirm that they have no conflicts of interest related to the content of this article&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11397&#95;16025&#95;30585&#95;en&#95;t1&#95;611397&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11397_16025_30585_en_t1_611397.jpg" alt="Prevalence during 2011"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; Prevalence during 2011</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11397&#95;16025&#95;30586&#95;en&#95;t2&#95;611397&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11397_16025_30586_en_t2_611397.jpg" alt="Vascular access and Kt&#47;V"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 2&#46; Vascular access and Kt&#47;V</p>"
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ISSN: 20132514
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