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subjected to laryngeal polypectomy 20 days before&#44; with odynophagia and fever&#46; Three days before being admitted&#44; she felt general discomfort&#44; an itchy rash&#44; haematuria&#44; followed by anuria&#46; Physical examination&#58; blood pressure 98&#47;51mm&#160;Hg&#59; pointed exanthema was resolved&#59; other aspects were normal&#46; Biochemical tests showed&#58; hypochromic anaemia&#44; with no haemolysis data&#46; Creatinine&#58; 8&#46;1mg&#47;dl&#59; urea&#58; 166mg&#47;dl&#59; protein&#47;creatinine ratio&#58; 1&#46;3g&#47;g and sediment with uncountable red blood cells&#46; Normal immunoglobulins&#46; Negative antinuclear antibodies &#40;ANA&#41;&#44; anti-DNA&#44; C3&#44; C3&#44; C4 and antistreptolysin O &#40;ALSO&#41; antibodies&#46; Normal chest ultrasound&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Given that renal function rapidly deteriorated&#44; he received steroid treatment &#40;in bolus and orally &#91;p&#46;o&#46;&#93; and haemodialysis&#41;&#46; The renal biopsy found&#58; 17 glomeruli&#44; diffuse endocapillary hypercellularity and neutrophils in capillary lumens&#44; epithelial crescents in two glomeruli&#46; Interstitial space with frequent haematic casts and epithelial space with denudate haematic casts &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46; Immunofluorescence&#44; mesangial deposits and in capillary walls of C<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3 </span>and IgM &#40;endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient progressed favourably&#44; as shown in Figure 2&#44; and renal function fully recovered&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Our patient therefore had an acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis&#44; possibly post-infectious&#44; discovered with macroscopic haematuria and acute kidney failure&#46; For most renal biopsies&#44; the key areas of study are the interstitial and tubular spaces&#44; and they are analysed in detail&#46; However&#44; it is necessary to seek the presence of intratubular haematic casts as the cause of tubular necrosis&#44; which can add to massive extracapillary proliferation or vasculitis&#46; In our case&#44; glomerular lesions justify acute renal failure&#44; but tubular necrosis&#44; given the advanced stage&#44; has possibly played a more important role&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The physiopathology of the renal function disorder in MH patients is not fully understood&#44; especially if we take into account the fact that not all haematuria episodes are associated with acute renal failure&#46; Iron and haemoglobin poisoning&#44; together with tubular obstruction are the main mechanisms&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span> favoured by protein expression induced by intratubular-free haemoglobin&#44; by tubular lesions&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> and sometimes by association with interstitial nephritis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> Praga&#44; at al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> described the relationship between acute tubular changes and the percentage of haematic casts and MH duration&#44; although other mechanisms may exist&#44; such as the presence of necrotising glomerular or extracapillary proliferative lesions<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;7</span> as possible triggers of AKF in the MH episode&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Progress is favourable by stopping macroscopic haematuria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span>&#59; however&#44; some patients benefit from steroids if they have prolonged haematuria&#44; are over 50 years of age&#44; or have had previous kidney damage&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span> Immunosuppressive drugs are not recommended&#44; unless a massive extracapillary proliferation or signs of acute vasculitis coexist&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In summary&#44; MH in cases of glomerulonephritis different to IgA can become complicated with acute failure due to tubular necrosis and intratubular haematic casts&#46; Its pathogenesis is not fully known and it seems that steroids may be effective in the most serious cases&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10934&#95;108&#95;21734&#95;en&#95;f110934&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10934_108_21734_en_f110934.jpg"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10934&#95;108&#95;21735&#95;en&#95;f2&#46;109342&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10934_108_21735_en_f2.109342.jpg"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 2&#46; </p>"
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