Statistics

 array:21 [
  "pii" => "X2013251411000137"
  "issn" => "20132514"
  "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Jun.11003"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-11-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2011;31:747-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 4320
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 303
      "HTML" => 3494
      "PDF" => 523
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:17 [
      "pii" => "X021169951100013X"
      "issn" => "02116995"
      "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Jun.11003"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-11-01"
      "documento" => "article"
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2011;31:747-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 6266
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 301
          "HTML" => 5421
          "PDF" => 544
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "Revisión de los protocolos y patrones propios de infección: una herramienta útil en el tratamiento de las peritonitis"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "747"
            "paginaFinal" => "748"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Revision of protocols and infection patterns: a useful tool in the treatment of peritonitis"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:8 [
            "identificador" => "fig1"
            "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "11003_108_18127_es_11003_t1.jpg"
                "Alto" => 484
                "Ancho" => 600
                "Tamanyo" => 229794
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "Gérmenes responsables de las peritonitis en 2009 y 2010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "J. Santos Nores, E. Novoa Fernández, O. Conde Rivera, E. Iglesias Lamas, C. Pérez Melón"
            "autores" => array:5 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "J."
                "apellidos" => "Santos Nores"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "E."
                "apellidos" => "Novoa Fernández"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "O."
                "apellidos" => "Conde Rivera"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "E."
                "apellidos" => "Iglesias Lamas"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "C."
                "apellidos" => "Pérez Melón"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X2013251411000137"
          "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Jun.11003"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411000137?idApp=UINPBA000064"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X021169951100013X?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      "url" => "/02116995/0000003100000006/v0_201502091400/X021169951100013X/v0_201502091401/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251411000129"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Jul.11025"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-11-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2011;31:748-50"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 6036
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 320
        "HTML" => 5128
        "PDF" => 588
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Proposals for new classifications regarding chronic kidney disease: A promising future"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "748"
          "paginaFinal" => "750"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Propuestas de nuevas clasificaciones para la enfermedad renal crónica. Un futuro prometedor"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "11025_108_25064_en_11025_f1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 448
              "Ancho" => 600
              "Tamanyo" => 152840
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Proposal of a new classification system of chronic kidney disease by Tonelli, et al (ref. 6)"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J. Escribano Serrano, A. Michán Doña, L. García Domínguez, C. Casto Jarillo"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Escribano Serrano"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Michán Doña"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "L."
              "apellidos" => "García Domínguez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "C."
              "apellidos" => "Casto Jarillo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699511000121"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Jul.11025"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699511000121?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411000129?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003100000006/v0_201502091623/X2013251411000129/v0_201502091623/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251411000145"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Aug.10965"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-11-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2011;31:743-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5515
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 320
        "HTML" => 4594
        "PDF" => 601
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Mixed cryoglobulinaemia not related to hepatitis C virus, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "743"
          "paginaFinal" => "746"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Crioglobulinemia mixta no relacionada con virus de la hepatitis C, glomerulonefritis mesangiocapilar y linfoma linfoplasmocitario"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10965_108_24595_en_fig_1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 450
              "Ancho" => 600
              "Tamanyo" => 319874
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Proliferative glomerulonephritis with a mesangiocapillary pattern"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Maria-Noel Martina, M.N. Martina, Manel Solé, M. Solé, Elisabet Massó, E. Massó, Núria Perez, N. Perez, Josep M. Campistol, J.M. Campistol, Luis F. Quintana, L.F. Quintana"
          "autores" => array:12 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maria-Noel"
              "apellidos" => "Martina"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M.N."
              "apellidos" => "Martina"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manel"
              "apellidos" => "Solé"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Solé"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Elisabet"
              "apellidos" => "Massó"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "E."
              "apellidos" => "Massó"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Núria"
              "apellidos" => "Perez"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "N."
              "apellidos" => "Perez"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Josep M."
              "apellidos" => "Campistol"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J.M."
              "apellidos" => "Campistol"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luis F."
              "apellidos" => "Quintana"
            ]
            11 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "L.F."
              "apellidos" => "Quintana"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699511000148"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Aug.10965"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699511000148?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411000145?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003100000006/v0_201502091623/X2013251411000145/v0_201502091623/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Revision of protocols and infection patterns: a useful tool in the treatment of peritonitis"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "747"
        "paginaFinal" => "748"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "J. Santos Nores, E. Novoa Fernández, O. Conde Rivera, E. Iglesias Lamas, C. Pérez Melón"
        "autores" => array:5 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "Iniciales" => "J."
            "apellidos" => "Santos Nores"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "juansn_5@hotmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "Novoa Fern&#225;ndez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "O."
            "apellidos" => "Conde Rivera"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "Iglesias Lamas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "C."
            "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez Mel&#243;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrología, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense,    "
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Revisi&#243;n de los protocolos y patrones propios de infecci&#243;n&#58; una herramienta &#250;til en el tratamiento de las peritonitis"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "11003_108_25061_en_11003_t1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 472
            "Ancho" => 600
            "Tamanyo" => 185858
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Micro-organisms responsible for cases of peritonitis in 2009 and 2010"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">To the Editor&#44; </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Peritonitis continues to be one of the primary complications associated with peritoneal dialysis &#40;PD&#41;&#44; as well as being an important cause of morbidity&#44; mortality&#44; and technique failure&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Cases of peritonitis produced by gram-negative bacteria are frequently more severe than others&#44; implying a worse clinical prognosis and time on PD&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This is fundamentally due to a number of intrinsic properties of gram-negative bacteria&#46; Firstly&#44; we should mention the high virulence inherent to gram-negative bacteria&#46; Infections from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas</span> are the most common cause of severe cases of peritonitis&#44; with high percentages of catheter loss and technique failure&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> and the same can be said for those caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escherichia coli </span>and enterobacteria&#44; with complete recovery of less than 60&#37; of cases in some studies&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A second important factor is the origin of the infection&#44; since peritonitis caused by gram-negative bacteria is associated with contamination&#44; infections of the outflow site&#44; and intra-abdominal contamination&#46; Finally&#44; we should also point out the ability of gram-negative bacteria to protect themselves from antibiotic treatment thanks to a biofilm that forms in the catheter&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In order to improve the results of treating these infections&#44; a PD programme must have protocols for preventive care and the treatment of infectious complications&#44; both peritonitis and infections related to the orifices and catheter&#46; The patterns of infection at each centre should also be monitored &#40;causative organisms and sensitivities&#41;&#59; some guidelines recommend these reviews at least on an annual basis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">At our institution&#44; we performed a retrospective study in June 2008 of the cases of peritonitis that occurred between January 2006 and June 2008&#46; In this period&#44; it was observed that the resistance of gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin was increasing progressively&#44; reaching 77&#37; in 2008&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> Given these results&#44; we decided to replace ampicillin and tobramycin with oral ciprofloxacin in our treatment protocol &#40;ampicillin&#44; tobramycin&#44; vancomycin&#44; and fluconazole&#41;&#44; according to the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Nephrology &#91;SEN&#44; for its initials in Spanish&#93; from 2004&#41;&#44; since the sensitivity to this drug during the same time period was practically 100&#37;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Given the increase of cases of peritonitis from gram-negative bacteria&#44; our institution also decided in February 2009 to change the protocol for treating the outflow orifices of peritoneal catheters to the application of topical gentamicin once per day&#46; The primary objective of this modification was to prevent cases of peritonitis caused by gram-negative bacteria&#44; avoiding the colonisation and infection by gram-negative bacteria of the peritoneal catheter outflow orifice&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In this context&#44; we carried out a retrospective analysis of all cases of peritonitis that occurred at our centre during 2009-2010 in order to evaluate the results of the changes mentioned to the treatment protocols&#46; The micro-organisms responsible for the infections are compiled in Table 1&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In this study&#44; we have focused on analysing the percentage of cases of peritonitis caused by gram-negative bacteria and the resistance these infections have to our empirical treatment protocol&#44; comparing this data from the 2007-2008 study&#44; which were from before the protocols were modified&#46; We also calculated and compared ratios of peritonitis&#47;patient and year&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">As shown in Figure 1&#44; the results have been favourable since the changes in treatment protocols&#46; Cases of peritonitis caused by gram-negative bacteria decreased by 17&#46;5&#37; in 2009 and 26&#46;5&#37; in 2010&#44; and the resistance of these bacteria to ciprofloxacin decreased by 14&#46;3&#37; and 33&#46;3&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The ratio of cases of peritonitis&#47;patient and year were 0&#46;65 in 2009 and 0&#46;6 in 2010&#44; which is an improvement over the results from 2007 and 2008 &#40;1&#46;01 and 0&#46;86&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Another result that highlights the new treatment in caring for the outflow orifice is that the same micro-organism was encountered both in the outflow orifice and from cultures of the peritoneal fluid in only 7 cases&#44; and 100&#37; of these were gram-positive bacteria&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In our opinion&#44; these data support the idea that performing periodical reviews of treatment protocols and sensitivities to medication at each centre is a very important tool&#44; both in the prevention and treatment of infectious complications of PD&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11003&#95;108&#95;25061&#95;en&#95;11003&#95;t1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11003_108_25061_en_11003_t1.jpg" alt="Micro-organisms responsible for cases of peritonitis in 2009 and 2010 "></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; Micro-organisms responsible for cases of peritonitis in 2009 and 2010 </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;11003&#95;108&#95;25062&#95;en&#95;11003&#95;f1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="11003_108_25062_en_11003_f1.jpg" alt="Description of the ratio of peritonitis&#47;patients and year&#44; percentage of peritonitis due to gram-negative bacteria&#44; and resistance to antibiotic treatment&#46; Comparison of the two-year period of 2007-2009 and 2009-2010"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Description of the ratio of peritonitis&#47;patients and year&#44; percentage of peritonitis due to gram-negative bacteria&#44; and resistance to antibiotic treatment&#46; Comparison of the two-year period of 2007-2009 and 2009-2010</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "P1-E528-S3223-A11003-EN.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec439510"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Peritonitis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "11003_108_25061_en_11003_t1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 472
            "Ancho" => 600
            "Tamanyo" => 185858
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Micro-organisms responsible for cases of peritonitis in 2009 and 2010"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "11003_108_25062_en_11003_f1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 201
            "Ancho" => 600
            "Tamanyo" => 98153
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Description of the ratio of peritonitis&#47;patients and year&#44; percentage of peritonitis due to gram-negative bacteria&#44; and resistance to antibiotic treatment&#46; Comparison of the two-year period of 2007-2009 and 2009-2010"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Troidle L, Gorban-Brennan N, Kliger A, Finkelstein F. Continuous peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: a review and current concepts. Semin Dial 2003;16:428-37. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629601" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Kim DK, Yoo TH, Ryu DR, Xu ZG, Kim HJ, Choi KH, et al. Changes in causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in CAPD peritonitis: a single experience over one decade. Perit Dial Int 2004;24:424-32. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15490981" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Szeto CC, Chou KM, Leung CB, Wong TY, Wu AK, Wang AY. Clinical course of peritonitis due to pseudomonas species complicating peritoneal dialysis: a review of 104 cases. Kidney Int 2001;59:2309-15. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11380835" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Szeto CC, Chow VY, Chow KM, Lai RM, Chung KY, Leung CB, et al. Enterobacteriaceae peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis: a review of 210 consecutive cases. Kidney Int 2006;69:1245-52. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467787" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, Bernardini J, Figueiredo AE, Gupta A, et al.\u{A0}Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2010 update. Perit Dial Int 2010;30:393-423. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628102" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Novoa E, Pérez C, Borrajo M, Santos J. Individualización del protocolo de peritonitis en diálisis peritoneal. Nefrologia 2009;29(1):85-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240782" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/20132514/0000003100000006/v0_201502091623/X2013251411000137/v0_201502091623/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "35438"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor - Brief papers about basic research or clinical experiences"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003100000006/v0_201502091623/X2013251411000137/v0_201502091623/en/P1-E528-S3223-A11003-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251411000137?idApp=UINPBA000064"
]