Regional differences in the prevalence of some glomerulopathies on the Canary Islands
Diferencias regionales en la prevalencia de algunas glomerulopatías en las Islas Canarias
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"Diferencias regionales en la prevalencia de algunas glomerulopatías en las Islas Canarias" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Tab. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "24018078_t1_p83.jpg" "Alto" => 253 "Ancho" => 543 "Tamanyo" => 34149 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distribution of the main cases of glomerulopathies in the two provinces of the Canary Islands" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">Dear Editor,</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In recent years, knowledge of the physiology of the renal glomerular basement membrane and the podocyte has advanced considerably. The discovery of several genes producing proteins that are expressed, specially in the podocyte, has led to the discovery of the causes, when these proteins are abnormal, of several entities of genetic origin which progress with nephritic syndrome and, in some cases, with focal and segmental hyalinosis.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In 1987, the Canaries Society of Nephrology (Sociedad Canaria de Nefrología) created a Register of renal biopsies, which has been maintained without interruption to this day. During its 21 years of existence, the register has collected reports on 3379 renal biopsies, 1319 of which correspond to cases of primary glomerulonephritis (39%.) Table 1 shows the most common diagnoses.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">As the number of cases included in the register increased, regional differences were noted in the prevalence of certain glomerulopathies, despite the fact that the population of each of the two provinces on the Canary Islands is similar (table 1.) The greater frequency of focal and segmental hyalinosis in the university hospitals in the province of Las Palmas (Doctor Negrín, Insular and Mother and Child hospitals) is noteworthy in comparison with those of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (University hospital and Nuestra Señora de Candelaria.) These differences were even noted when the sample was divided into two periods of a similar duration. However, diagnoses of IgM mesangial glomerulonephritis are more common in the hospitals of Tenerife (table 1.) Differences, although less significant, have also been observed in the prevalence of membranous and IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis, which are more common in the hospitals of Tenerife.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The regional differences observed must be related to a different genetic load in the populations of each province. Historians and archaeologists believe that the first natives of the island arrived at different times from North Africa.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The discovery of the Zanata<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> stone and recent studies carried out using molecular biology techniques<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4-5</span> have shown Berber origins in some of the arrivals. Despite having the same origins, it is known that the settlers of the seven main Canary Islands lived independently and separate from one another, since they did not know how to sail.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6 </span>This led to a certain degree of consanguinity between the inhabitants of each of the islands. In 1402, Juan de Bethencourt and Gadifer de la Salle, Normandy soldiers representing the King of Castile, began the conquest of the islands, starting with Lanzarote.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> The last, La Palma, was conquered in 1496. Settlers came from different parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in particular, Castile and Andalusia.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">After the conquest, the islands were populated with descendents of the natives (rather few) and the conquerors themselves, but also Jews from Portugal and the mainland,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> Sub-Saharan Africans<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span> and, later, natives of America9 and Europe fleeing religious wars.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span> Despite the evident genetic diversity, there was without doubt a high rate of consanguinity, as has been recently proved, for example, in La Gomera. This demonstrated high rate of consanguinity was due to obvious geographic and social reasons (marriage between relatives so as to preserve families' wealth.) In fact, frequent contact between the inhabitants of the different islands has only become common in the last few decades.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">It is therefore possible that there were different genetic concentrations on the different islands. This explains the diversity in the frequency of some glomerulopathies that are repeatedly seen year after year in the hospitals of the two Canary provinces. Our genetic theory is also supported by the difference in the prevalence of focal and segmental hyalinosis on other national registers. It has been written that the Chinese population accounts for only 6% of cases of glomerulopathies<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span> while in studies carried out in Italy and Holland, the frequency of these are 20.7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span> and 27.5%<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span> respectively.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We are currently starting to look for mutations in different genes that are expressed in the podocyte in patients with idiopathic nephritic syndrome on the Canary islands.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span>We hope that in time we will know the exact genetic reasons for having such significant differences in the prevalence of certain glomerulopathies in such a small geographical area such as the Canary Islands.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande/24018078_t1_p83.jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="24018078_t1_p83.jpg" alt="Distribution of the main cases of glomerulopathies in the two provinces of the Canary Islands"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1. Distribution of the main cases of glomerulopathies in the two provinces of the Canary Islands</p>" "pdfFichero" => "P-E-S-A240-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Tab. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "24018078_t1_p83.jpg" "Alto" => 253 "Ancho" => 543 "Tamanyo" => 34149 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distribution of the main cases of glomerulopathies in the two provinces of the Canary Islands" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:16 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Antignac C: Molecular basis of steroid- resistant nephrotic síndrome. 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Mutations in ACTN4, encoding ¿-actinin-4, cause familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nat Genet 2000; 24:251-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10700177" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Urisarri A, Outeda P, Banet JF, Málaga S, Vallo A, Peña A, R. Do Forno A, Ubetagoyena M, Valenciano B, García- Nieto V, Fernández Iglesias JL, Gil M, Ariceta G, Lens XM: Mutaciones del gen NPHS2 que codifica la podocina en el síndrome nefrótico (SN) esporádico del niño y el adulto. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2024 October | 48 | 26 | 74 |
| 2024 September | 59 | 26 | 85 |
| 2024 August | 56 | 56 | 112 |
| 2024 July | 55 | 25 | 80 |
| 2024 June | 57 | 30 | 87 |
| 2024 May | 74 | 20 | 94 |
| 2024 April | 64 | 26 | 90 |
| 2024 March | 63 | 18 | 81 |
| 2024 February | 90 | 33 | 123 |
| 2024 January | 85 | 24 | 109 |
| 2023 December | 49 | 23 | 72 |
| 2023 November | 39 | 25 | 64 |
| 2023 October | 30 | 26 | 56 |
| 2023 September | 31 | 25 | 56 |
| 2023 August | 34 | 17 | 51 |
| 2023 July | 29 | 21 | 50 |
| 2023 June | 76 | 19 | 95 |
| 2023 May | 85 | 26 | 111 |
| 2023 April | 41 | 19 | 60 |
| 2023 March | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| 2023 February | 29 | 25 | 54 |
| 2023 January | 20 | 20 | 40 |
| 2022 December | 30 | 29 | 59 |
| 2022 November | 43 | 23 | 66 |
| 2022 October | 26 | 27 | 53 |
| 2022 September | 25 | 35 | 60 |
| 2022 August | 41 | 38 | 79 |
| 2022 July | 28 | 47 | 75 |
| 2022 June | 39 | 24 | 63 |
| 2022 May | 34 | 31 | 65 |
| 2022 April | 40 | 47 | 87 |
| 2022 March | 52 | 37 | 89 |
| 2022 February | 34 | 37 | 71 |
| 2022 January | 20 | 31 | 51 |
| 2021 December | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2021 November | 40 | 43 | 83 |
| 2021 October | 51 | 41 | 92 |
| 2021 September | 48 | 32 | 80 |
| 2021 August | 40 | 31 | 71 |
| 2021 July | 54 | 38 | 92 |
| 2021 June | 39 | 32 | 71 |
| 2021 May | 45 | 14 | 59 |
| 2021 April | 61 | 41 | 102 |
| 2021 March | 62 | 20 | 82 |
| 2021 February | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2021 January | 41 | 15 | 56 |
| 2020 December | 26 | 17 | 43 |
| 2020 November | 23 | 10 | 33 |
| 2020 October | 19 | 16 | 35 |
| 2020 September | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2020 August | 26 | 6 | 32 |
| 2020 July | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| 2020 June | 30 | 5 | 35 |
| 2020 May | 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 2020 April | 24 | 20 | 44 |
| 2020 March | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2020 February | 28 | 18 | 46 |
| 2020 January | 29 | 23 | 52 |
| 2019 December | 31 | 12 | 43 |
| 2019 November | 24 | 15 | 39 |
| 2019 October | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2019 September | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2019 August | 8 | 18 | 26 |
| 2019 July | 15 | 15 | 30 |
| 2019 June | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2019 May | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| 2019 April | 40 | 19 | 59 |
| 2019 March | 8 | 14 | 22 |
| 2019 February | 18 | 13 | 31 |
| 2019 January | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2018 December | 34 | 24 | 58 |
| 2018 November | 65 | 9 | 74 |
| 2018 October | 46 | 13 | 59 |
| 2018 September | 46 | 12 | 58 |
| 2018 August | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| 2018 July | 20 | 7 | 27 |
| 2018 June | 24 | 10 | 34 |
| 2018 May | 37 | 17 | 54 |
| 2018 April | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2018 March | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2018 February | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2018 January | 16 | 3 | 19 |
| 2017 December | 29 | 11 | 40 |
| 2017 November | 24 | 6 | 30 |
| 2017 October | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2017 September | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2017 August | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2017 July | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2017 June | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2017 May | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2017 April | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2017 March | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2017 February | 13 | 2 | 15 |
| 2017 January | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2016 December | 50 | 6 | 56 |
| 2016 November | 54 | 4 | 58 |
| 2016 October | 77 | 5 | 82 |
| 2016 September | 100 | 2 | 102 |
| 2016 August | 133 | 3 | 136 |
| 2016 July | 153 | 3 | 156 |
| 2016 June | 98 | 0 | 98 |
| 2016 May | 98 | 0 | 98 |
| 2016 April | 74 | 0 | 74 |
| 2016 March | 68 | 0 | 68 |
| 2016 February | 64 | 0 | 64 |
| 2016 January | 66 | 0 | 66 |
| 2015 December | 97 | 0 | 97 |
| 2015 November | 71 | 0 | 71 |
| 2015 October | 54 | 0 | 54 |
| 2015 September | 38 | 0 | 38 |
| 2015 August | 67 | 0 | 67 |
| 2015 July | 37 | 0 | 37 |
| 2015 June | 28 | 0 | 28 |
| 2015 May | 37 | 0 | 37 |
| 2015 April | 7 | 0 | 7 |
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