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Delayed presentation of femoral pseudoaneurysm after hemodialysis catheter insertion procedure
Presentación diferida de un seudoaneurisma femoral tras cateterización venosa para hemodiálisis
ANA ESTHER SIRVENTa, RICARDO ENRÍQUEZa, ADOLFO REYESa, DAVID MARTÍNEZb
a SECCIÓN DE NEFROLOGÍA, HOSPITAL GENERAL DE ELCHE, ELCHE, Alicante, España,
b SERVICIO DE CIRUGÍA VASCULAR, HOSPITAL GENERAL DE ELCHE, ELCHE, Alicante, España,
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    "textoCompleto" => "To the editor&#58; The use of central venous catheters for temporary vascular access in hemodialysis may occasionally <br></br>result in arterial puncture&#46;1 Nevertheless&#44; the frequency of clinically significant arterial damage after femoral <br></br>catheterization in hemodialysis is low&#46; Such damage may give rise to thrombosis&#44; bleeding&#44; pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulas&#46;2-4 We describe a case of delayed presentation of a right femoral arterial pseudoaneurysm following failed venous catheterization for hemodialysis&#46; To our knowledge&#44; only one similar case has been reported to date&#46;2 <br></br><br></br>A 41-year-old male was admitted with advanced chronic renal failure of indeterminate origin&#46; The personal history <br></br>included poorly controlled arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia&#46; The start of renal replacement therapy was <br></br>required&#46; Ultrasound was used to identify the anatomical relationship between the femoral artery and vein&#46; In both <br></br>extremities the vein was located posterior to the artery&#44; except over a short trajectory in the region of the inguinal <br></br>fold&#44; where it was found to be positioned slightly medial&#46; Arterial puncture was observed on one attempt&#44; as a result <br></br>of which compression was applied and the left femoral vein was finally catheterized&#46; Dialysis without anticoagulation <br></br>was started in the first two sessions&#46; After 48 hours&#44; and following normal inguinal exploration findings&#44; low molecular weight heparin was resumed as antithrombotic prophylaxis&#44; with doses adjusted to renal function&#46; A few days later during a week-end&#44; the patient participated in a race despite indications to avoid such activities&#46; Twenty days after catheterization he developed sudden right inguinal pain&#46; Inguinal exploration revealed a hard and pulsatile mass with a slight murmur and intense pain in response to palpation&#46; The peripheral pulses were&#160; preserved&#46; Right femoral artery Doppler ultrasound confirmed the presence of a 17-mm right pseudoaneurysm&#46; Initial treatment included strict bed rest with an inguinal compressive bandage&#46; However&#44; one week later the pseudoaneurysm was seen to have increased to 21 mm in size&#44; with persistence of the pain&#46; Aneurysm intracavitary thrombin injection under ultrasound guidance was thus performed &#40;100 IU&#41;&#46; This resulted in thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm&#44; without evidence of recurrences on occasion of the posterior ultrasound controls&#46; <br></br><br></br>An arterial pseudoaneurysm is a pulsatile hematoma resulting from traumatic dissection of the arterial wall&#44; creating <br></br>a communication between the vascular lumen and the surrounding tissue&#44; with the extravasation of arterial blood&#46; The use of anticoagulants&#44; poorly controlled arterial hypertension&#44; vasculopathy &#40;arteriosclerotic or of an infiltrative nature&#41;&#44; and even the technique and arterial trajectory used for puncture can give rise to such pseudoaneurysms&#46; <br></br>5-7 The clinical suspicion is established 6-48 hours after arterial puncture&#44; with the identification of a painful&#44; pulsatile mass in the inguinal zone&#46;7 In our patient&#44; the administered low molecular weight heparin facilitated the delayed presentation of the complication&#44; which was triggered by walking&#46; Doppler ultrasound is the diagnostic technique of choice&#44; and is moreover able to evaluate the evolution of the size of the lesion&#46; Although surgical repair may prove necessary in cases where there is a risk of severe bleeding or limb ischemia&#44; conservative <br></br>management is initially recommended&#46; Strict bed rest&#44; the suspension of anticoagulation&#44; and compression applied manually in the form of an inguinal bandage or guided by ultrasound over the aneurysmal neck can resolve over 75&#37; of all cases&#46;5&#44;7 The intra-aneurysmal injection of procoagulating substances such as thrombin represents a treatment option allowing immediate resolution without the need to suspend anticoagulation &#191; though it is not without side effects &#40;generally of an anaphylactic nature&#41;&#46;6 <br></br><br></br>It is difficult to prevent complications of this kind&#44; considering the technique employed and the antithrombotic <br></br>indications of our patients&#46; However&#44; compression and prolonged repose after iatrogenic arterial puncture&#44; and the identification and early management of the complications are critical considerations for avoiding traumatic lesions with significant clinical repercussions&#46; "
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Article information
ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
DOI:
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