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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between change in mean blood pressure and change in serum renalase levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;36&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; before and after transplantation&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death&#46; About 70&#8211;80&#37; of the patients with chronic kidney disease &#40;CKD&#41; have hypertension&#44; and the prevalence of hypertension increases as glomerular filtration rate &#40;GFR&#41; declines&#44; such that over 80&#8211;90&#37; patients with end stage renal disease &#40;ESRD&#41; are hypertensive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Living donor kidney transplantation becomes an important option for ESRD treatment owing to prolonged waiting times on transplant list&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; after donation there is an immediate 50&#37; reduction in GFR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> After nephrectomy up to two-thirds of donors fulfill the criteria for CKD stage 3 depending on baseline age and renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This reduction in GFR results in increased risks of ESRD and cardiovascular diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Effect of unilateral nephrectomy on blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; is not clear&#46; However&#44; a meta-analysis suggests a moderate increase of about 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg in systolic BP at 10 years after donation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> A study showed that in kidney donors&#59; circadian rhythm of BP was disturbed as a function of GFR loss without affecting absolute levels of BP&#46; Non-dipping of BP seemed to be the consequence of the loss of renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renalase is a new flavoprotein secreted preferentially by the kidney &#40;proximal tubules&#41;&#44; which metabolizes catecholamines and may play a key role in the regulation of sympathetic tone and BP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Its levels are regulated by renal function&#44; renal perfusion and plasma catecholamine levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In literature&#44; studies using the different commercial ELISA kits reported different results about the association between serum renalase levels and GFR in patients with CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;12</span></a> There are several hypotheses that try to explain the discrepancy in levels of renalase when measured by western blot or different ELISA kits which were discussed in an extensive review about renalase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Recent studies demonstrated inverse relationship between plasma renalase and GFR in patients with CKD including renal transplant recipients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a> However&#44; there are limited data about effect of the transplantation on plasma renalase and blood pressure levels in kidney donors and recipients before and after the transplantation&#46; In this study&#44; we hypothesize that&#59; change in renalase levels after nephrectomy affect the blood pressure variations in donors and recipients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty kidney donors that underwent unilateral nephrectomy for living related renal transplantation and twenty kidney recipients with ESRD were selected from living related transplantation pairs for the study according to exclusion criteria which were delayed graft function and acute kidney rejection&#46; Kidney donors had no medication use except for that related to surgery and ate a relatively low-sodium diet containing &#40;approximately 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day of NaCl&#41; throughout the hospitalization&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After transplantation&#44; all kidney recipients were under triple immunosuppression treatment including corticosteroid&#44; calcineurin inhibitor &#40;tacrolimus at doses to maintain blood through levels of 6&#8211;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#41; and mychophenolate mophetil 750&#8211;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg twice per day&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic characteristics&#44; including recipient age&#44; gender&#44; primary renal disease&#44; co-morbidities&#44; and baseline laboratory values of the study population were recorded at the initiation of study&#46; The demographic and laboratory&#44; pre-transplant and transplant characteristics of donors and recipients are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Serum creatinine of the healthy donors and patients with ESRD were obtained from medical records&#46; Collected 24-h urine volume&#44; urinary creatinine&#44; serum creatinine was used for calculation of creatinine clearance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Measurements</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood samples were obtained from kidney recipients under hemodialysis at the initiation of the hemodialysis session&#46; After collection&#44; blood samples were centrifuged at 1000-g for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and stored at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until analysis&#46; Serum renalase levels were measured using an ELISA kit for renalase &#40;Human Renalase ELISA Kit&#44; Eastbiopharm Co Ltd&#44; Hangzhou&#44; China&#41;&#46; For each patient renalase levels were measured twice and the average of the two values was recorded&#46; The intraassay coefficient of variation &#40;CV&#41; was 5&#8211;10&#37;&#44; and inter-assay CV was 5&#8211;10&#37;&#46; The detection range of the assay was 50&#8211;480<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mcg&#47;mL&#46; Change in renalase levels &#40;&#916;Renalase&#41; before and after nephrectomy was calculated as &#916;Renalase<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;Serum renalase before transplantation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>serum renalase after transplantation&#41;&#47;Serum renalase before transplantation&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; Collected 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urine was used to calculate creatinine clearance and measurement of daily urinary protein excretion&#46; Creatinine clearance formulation was used as a marker of GFR&#46; The percentage decrease and increase in GFR &#40;&#916;GFR&#41; was calculated as &#916;GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;GFR before nephrectomy<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GFR after nephrectomy&#41;&#47;GFR before nephrectomy&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; Urinary protein levels were measured with nephelometry &#40;Immage 800&#59; Beckman Coulter&#44; Brea&#44; CA&#41; and an automated turbidimetric method using benzalkonium chloride&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ambulatory BP was measured over a 24-h period by the oscillometric method using an automatic noninvasive recorder &#40;Spacelab Inc&#46;&#44; Redmond&#44; WA&#44; USA&#41;&#46; The monitor was programmed to measure BP at 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min intervals between 8&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#46;m&#46; and 10&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p&#46;m&#46; and at 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min intervals between 10&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p&#46;m&#46; and 8&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#46;m&#46; During measurements&#44; patients continued to perform their usual regular daily activities&#46; Measurements were only included if more than 85&#37; of the readings were successful&#46; MAP was calculated as diastolic BP &#40;DBP&#41; plus one third of the pulse BP&#46; Change in MAP &#40;&#916;MAP&#41; was calculated as &#916;MAP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;MAP before transplantation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MAP after transplantation&#93;&#47;MBP before transplantation&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; The change in the night&#47;day ratio of MAP was obtained as the difference between the night&#47;day ratio of MAP after nephrectomy and the night&#47;day ratio of MAP before nephrectomy&#46; These examinations were performed one day before transplantation&#44; and then were repeated at the end of first month after transplantation when serum creatinine levels were stabilized&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Ethics</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study is approved by the local institutional research committee of Hacettepe University Medical Faculty &#40;GO-13&#47;42-30&#41; and conducted &#351;n accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments and declaration of Istanbul&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#46; Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test and Levene test were used to determine distribution characteristics and homogeneity of variances&#46; Categorical variables were compared with chi square test&#46; Continuous variables were compared with independent samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> test or Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test where appropriate&#46; The significance of differences in continuous variables before and after nephrectomy was determined by paired samples test or two related samples test&#46; Pearson correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables with normal distribution&#44; and Spearman correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables that are not normally distributed&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value of &#60;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The demographic and laboratory data of the study population are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between kidney donors and recipients&#46; Mean serum creatinine&#44; renalase levels&#44; 24-h proteinuria and BP measurements were lower in healthy donors than patients with ESRD&#46; Hemoglobin and GFR levels were higher in kidney donors than patients with ESRD&#46; After transplantation&#44; while the mean GFR and hemoglobin levels decreased&#44; serum renalase levels increased in donors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; GFR was reduced by 34&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;7&#37; in average from the baseline value of 115&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#46; Proteinuria did not change by nephrectomy&#46; In addition&#44; MAP levels slightly increased in donors after nephrectomy but remained within normal limits defined as SBP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#44; and DBP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46; However&#44; the night-time SBP and DBP levels increased&#44; day-time SBP and DBP levels did not changed and the night&#47;day ratio of MAP increased significantly by nephrectomy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The rise in MAP after nephrectomy seemed related with night time BP elevations&#46; In transplant recipients&#44; while the mean GFR increased&#44; the mean serum creatinine&#44; serum renalase levels&#44; and BP levels decreased after transplantation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The night&#47;day ratio of MAP slightly reduced in transplant recipients after transplantation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; we could not find any association between pre and post transplantation renalase levels and MAP levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;13 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;11&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;49 respectively&#41;&#44; correlation analysis in whole study population showed that changes in MAP &#40;&#916;MAP&#41; correlated with alteration in serum renalase levels &#40;&#916;Renalase&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0004&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and change in GFR &#40;&#916;GFR&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;27&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41;&#46; Similarly&#44; we found a strong association between change in night&#47;day ratio of MAP and &#916;Renalase &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; &#916;Renalase was also found to be inversely correlated with change in GFR &#40;&#916;GFR&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;50&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00057&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study showed that kidney transplantation causes a shift in renalase levels&#44; MAP levels and circadian pattern of BP in kidney donors and recipients&#46; Changes in MAP and pattern of BP were associated with changes in renalase levels&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renalase immunostaining in biopsy specimens from patients with ESRD was found clearly decreased in renal cortex&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> However&#44; our results demonstrated that patients with ESRD have higher plasma renalase levels than healthy donors&#46; This finding thought that high level of plasma renalase in ESRD patients may be sourced from increased extra-renal renalase production&#46; Li G et al&#46; showed that plasma norepinephrine levels were measured markedly higher before transplant in ESRD patients in comparison with donors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> This finding suggested that sympathetic system was overactive in patients with ESRD&#46; Over activated sympathetic system may have also possible role in the enhanced secretion of renalase from extra-renal sources&#46; Renalase overproduction may be a compensate mechanism to suppress the sympathetic over activity in patients with CKD&#46; On the other hand&#44; transplant donors lost some glomerular function while plasma renalase levels increased after transplantation&#46; Our findings showed that after donation&#44; there was an immediate approximately 35&#37; reduction in GFR in the remaining kidney&#46; The decline in renalase clearance due to the low GFR may contribute the rise in plasma renalase levels&#46; These findings were similar with the results of the study reported by Santaos et al&#46; in which they showed that recovery of the renal function in transplant recipients was paralleled by a progressive decrease in plasma renalase levels and decline in glomerular function in donors was associated with increase in plasma renalase levels after transplantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BP generally varies according to a circadian rhythm characterized by a reduction during sleep and an increase during wakefulness&#46; The circadian fall in BP during sleep does not always occur in all individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Some individuals display a fall in BP during sleep &#40;dippers&#41; and others do not &#40;non-dippers&#41;&#46; Abnormal blood pressure diurnal rhythm &#40;non-dipping&#41; is more prevalent in patients with CKD&#46; The underlying mechanism&#44; however&#44; is not clear&#44; growing evidence indicates that sympathetic over activity may have role in development of hypertension and abnormal circadian BP variation in patients with CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In agreement with previous data&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> the study showed that patients with ESRD have higher MAP levels and night time BP levels compared with healthy donors&#46; After transplantation&#44; MAP and night time BP levels decreased in transplant recipients&#46; There was a direct correlation between renalase decrease and decline in MAP in day and night time&#46; This association suggested that beside the well-known factors&#44; decreased sympathetic over activity and renalase levels due to improvement of the GFR may have role in the decline MAP and abnormal diurnal BP rhythm in patients with ESRD after transplantation&#46; However&#44; a study performed in heart transplant recipients could not demonstrate a link between renalase levels and sympathetic nervous system activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to recipients&#44; slightly increased MAP was measured in donors after nephrectomy&#46; This MAP elevation mostly depends on the night time BP levels&#46; In an earlier study Goto et al&#46; suggested that unilateral nephrectomy disturbs the circadian rhythm of BP as a function of renal dysfunction in kidney donors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Our results seem parallel with the findings of Goto&#39;s study&#46; Our results also showed that rise in night-time MAP was associated positively with increase in renalase levels in transplant donors&#46; Both the rise in night-time MAP and plasma renalase levels in the donors after transplantation may be consequence of loss of GFR&#46; The association between change in the plasma renalase levels and night-time MAP suggested that sympathetic over activity due to GFR decline may have role in rise in night-time MAP of donors after nephrectomy&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; the study is the first study evaluating renalase levels and alteration in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in transplant donors and recipients before and after transplantation&#46; Renalase was suggested to play role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney damage in general population&#59; therefore&#44; this connection may be established in kidney donors and recipients&#46; However&#44; we could not find the direct association renalase and BP levels&#46; Our findings suggested that renalase may not have direct role on the blood pressure rise in transplant recipient and donors&#46; However&#44; its role may be suppressing the sympathetic system by degradation of catecholamines &#40;noradrenalin&#44; adrenaline and dopamine&#41;&#46; Therefore&#59; high plasma renalase levels may contribute blood pressure regulation indirectly due to balance the pressor effect of the catecholamines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Small numbers of the study population&#44; lack of the measurement of catecholamines or sympathetic activity and lack of evaluation of renal clearance of renalase are the limitation factors of our study&#46; The cross-sectional nature of the study also limits the ability to conclude any causal relationship between renalase&#44; BP levels&#44; circadian rhythm of BP and GFR&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; this study showed that renalase levels are associated with change in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in kidney transplant donors and recipients&#46; Additionally&#44; high levels of serum renalase were correlated with BP elevation and renal injury&#44; presented by low levels of GFR in kidney donors&#46; This observation is highlighted by understanding the possible pathophysiological significance of serum renalase in the development of hypertension in kidney donors&#46; However&#44; further prospective large-scale studies are needed to better define these observations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-10-05"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-01-28"
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            0 => "Donor"
            1 => "Hypertension"
            2 => "Kidney"
            3 => "Recipient"
            4 => "Renalase"
            5 => "Transplantation"
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          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Donante"
            1 => "Hipertensi&#243;n"
            2 => "Ri&#241;&#243;n"
            3 => "Receptor"
            4 => "Renalasa"
            5 => "Trasplante"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence of hypertension increases as glomerular filtration rate &#40;GFR&#41; declines&#46; Renalase metabolizes catecholamines and have an important role in blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; regulation&#46; The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of kidney transplantation on renalase levels and BP in kidney donors and recipients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twenty kidney transplant recipients and their donors were included in the study&#46; Serum renalase levels and ambulatory BP values were measured in both donors and recipients before and after transplantation&#46; Factor associated with change in renalase and BP levels were also evaluated&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In donors&#59; mean GFR and hemoglobin levels decreased while night-time systolic blood pressure &#40;SBP&#41; and diastolic blood pressure &#40;DBP&#41; levels and serum renalase levels increased simultaneously after nephrectomy&#46; Day-time SBP and DBP levels did not changed and the night&#47;day ratio of mean arterial pressure &#40;MAP&#41; increased significantly&#46; In recipients&#44; mean GFR increased&#44; while mean serum renalase levels&#44; creatinine and BP levels decreased after transplantation&#46; Correlation analysis revealed that changes in MAP correlated with alteration in serum renalase levels and GFR&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">After transplantation&#44; serum renalase levels increased in donors and decreased in recipients&#46; The renalase levels are associated with change in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in donors and recipients&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
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            "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de la hipertensi&#243;n aumenta a medida que la velocidad de filtraci&#243;n glomerular &#40;VFG&#41; disminuye&#46; La renalasa metaboliza las catecolaminas y tiene una funci&#243;n importante en la regulaci&#243;n de la presi&#243;n arterial &#40;PA&#41;&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del trasplante de ri&#241;&#243;n en los niveles de renalasa y PA en donantes y receptores de ri&#241;&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio se incluyeron veinte receptores de ri&#241;&#243;n y sus donantes&#46; Se midieron los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa y los valores de PA ambulatorios en donantes y receptores&#44; antes y despu&#233;s del trasplante&#46; Tambi&#233;n se evaluaron los factores asociados a la alteraci&#243;n de los niveles de renalasa y PA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En donantes&#59; la VFG media y los niveles de hemoglobina disminuyeron&#44; mientras que la presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; y diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#41; y los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa durante la noche aumentaron simult&#225;neamente despu&#233;s de la nefrectom&#237;a&#46; Los niveles de PAS y PAD no cambiaron durante el d&#237;a y el cociente noche&#47;d&#237;a de la presi&#243;n arterial media &#40;PAM&#41; aument&#243; significativamente&#46; En los receptores&#44; la VFG media aument&#243;&#44; mientras que los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa&#44; la creatinina y los niveles de PA disminuyeron despu&#233;s del trasplante&#46; El an&#225;lisis de correlaci&#243;n revel&#243; que los cambios de la PAM se correlacionaron con la alteraci&#243;n de los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa y la VFG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tras el trasplante&#44; los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa aumentaron en los donantes y disminuyeron en los receptores&#46; Los niveles de renalasa se asocian a cambios en la PAM y al ritmo circadiano de la PA en donantes y receptores&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between change in mean blood pressure and change in serum renalase levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;36&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; before and after transplantation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex &#40;male&#41; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pre-transplant renal replacement therapy &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemodialysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;70&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preemptive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;30&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primary renal disease &#40;n&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glomerulonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Polycystic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urologic disorders&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amiloidosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unknown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidities &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0029&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Use of antihypertensives &#40;number of patients&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum renalase &#40;mcg&#47;mL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">125&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">242&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>147&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum hemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GFR&#58; glomerular filtration rate&#44; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#44; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#44; N&#47;D&#58; night-to-day&#44; BP&#58; blood pressure&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameters&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Before &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">After &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum hemoglobin levels &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00063&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Proteinuria &#40;mg&#47;24</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1328<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1198&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">230<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum renalase levels &#40;mcg&#47;mL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">162&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">130&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Night&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">125&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">121&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Night&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MAP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;00029&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Day MAP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Original article
Impact of the kidney transplantation on renalase and blood pressure levels in renal transplant donors and recipients
Impacto del trasplante de riñón en los niveles de renalasa y presión arterial en donantes y receptores de trasplante renal
Rahmi Yilmaz
Corresponding author
ryilmaz@hacettepe.edu.tr

Corresponding author.
, Tolga Yildirim, Ayman Abudalal, Yunus Erdem
Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Nephrology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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        "titulo" => "Impacto del trasplante de ri&#241;&#243;n en los niveles de renalasa y presi&#243;n arterial en donantes y receptores de trasplante renal"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between change in mean blood pressure and change in serum renalase levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;36&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; before and after transplantation&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death&#46; About 70&#8211;80&#37; of the patients with chronic kidney disease &#40;CKD&#41; have hypertension&#44; and the prevalence of hypertension increases as glomerular filtration rate &#40;GFR&#41; declines&#44; such that over 80&#8211;90&#37; patients with end stage renal disease &#40;ESRD&#41; are hypertensive&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Living donor kidney transplantation becomes an important option for ESRD treatment owing to prolonged waiting times on transplant list&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; after donation there is an immediate 50&#37; reduction in GFR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> After nephrectomy up to two-thirds of donors fulfill the criteria for CKD stage 3 depending on baseline age and renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This reduction in GFR results in increased risks of ESRD and cardiovascular diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Effect of unilateral nephrectomy on blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; is not clear&#46; However&#44; a meta-analysis suggests a moderate increase of about 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg in systolic BP at 10 years after donation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> A study showed that in kidney donors&#59; circadian rhythm of BP was disturbed as a function of GFR loss without affecting absolute levels of BP&#46; Non-dipping of BP seemed to be the consequence of the loss of renal function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renalase is a new flavoprotein secreted preferentially by the kidney &#40;proximal tubules&#41;&#44; which metabolizes catecholamines and may play a key role in the regulation of sympathetic tone and BP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Its levels are regulated by renal function&#44; renal perfusion and plasma catecholamine levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In literature&#44; studies using the different commercial ELISA kits reported different results about the association between serum renalase levels and GFR in patients with CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;12</span></a> There are several hypotheses that try to explain the discrepancy in levels of renalase when measured by western blot or different ELISA kits which were discussed in an extensive review about renalase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Recent studies demonstrated inverse relationship between plasma renalase and GFR in patients with CKD including renal transplant recipients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a> However&#44; there are limited data about effect of the transplantation on plasma renalase and blood pressure levels in kidney donors and recipients before and after the transplantation&#46; In this study&#44; we hypothesize that&#59; change in renalase levels after nephrectomy affect the blood pressure variations in donors and recipients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty kidney donors that underwent unilateral nephrectomy for living related renal transplantation and twenty kidney recipients with ESRD were selected from living related transplantation pairs for the study according to exclusion criteria which were delayed graft function and acute kidney rejection&#46; Kidney donors had no medication use except for that related to surgery and ate a relatively low-sodium diet containing &#40;approximately 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day of NaCl&#41; throughout the hospitalization&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After transplantation&#44; all kidney recipients were under triple immunosuppression treatment including corticosteroid&#44; calcineurin inhibitor &#40;tacrolimus at doses to maintain blood through levels of 6&#8211;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#41; and mychophenolate mophetil 750&#8211;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg twice per day&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic characteristics&#44; including recipient age&#44; gender&#44; primary renal disease&#44; co-morbidities&#44; and baseline laboratory values of the study population were recorded at the initiation of study&#46; The demographic and laboratory&#44; pre-transplant and transplant characteristics of donors and recipients are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Serum creatinine of the healthy donors and patients with ESRD were obtained from medical records&#46; Collected 24-h urine volume&#44; urinary creatinine&#44; serum creatinine was used for calculation of creatinine clearance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Measurements</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood samples were obtained from kidney recipients under hemodialysis at the initiation of the hemodialysis session&#46; After collection&#44; blood samples were centrifuged at 1000-g for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and stored at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until analysis&#46; Serum renalase levels were measured using an ELISA kit for renalase &#40;Human Renalase ELISA Kit&#44; Eastbiopharm Co Ltd&#44; Hangzhou&#44; China&#41;&#46; For each patient renalase levels were measured twice and the average of the two values was recorded&#46; The intraassay coefficient of variation &#40;CV&#41; was 5&#8211;10&#37;&#44; and inter-assay CV was 5&#8211;10&#37;&#46; The detection range of the assay was 50&#8211;480<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mcg&#47;mL&#46; Change in renalase levels &#40;&#916;Renalase&#41; before and after nephrectomy was calculated as &#916;Renalase<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;Serum renalase before transplantation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>serum renalase after transplantation&#41;&#47;Serum renalase before transplantation&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; Collected 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urine was used to calculate creatinine clearance and measurement of daily urinary protein excretion&#46; Creatinine clearance formulation was used as a marker of GFR&#46; The percentage decrease and increase in GFR &#40;&#916;GFR&#41; was calculated as &#916;GFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;GFR before nephrectomy<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GFR after nephrectomy&#41;&#47;GFR before nephrectomy&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; Urinary protein levels were measured with nephelometry &#40;Immage 800&#59; Beckman Coulter&#44; Brea&#44; CA&#41; and an automated turbidimetric method using benzalkonium chloride&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ambulatory BP was measured over a 24-h period by the oscillometric method using an automatic noninvasive recorder &#40;Spacelab Inc&#46;&#44; Redmond&#44; WA&#44; USA&#41;&#46; The monitor was programmed to measure BP at 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min intervals between 8&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#46;m&#46; and 10&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p&#46;m&#46; and at 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min intervals between 10&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p&#46;m&#46; and 8&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#46;m&#46; During measurements&#44; patients continued to perform their usual regular daily activities&#46; Measurements were only included if more than 85&#37; of the readings were successful&#46; MAP was calculated as diastolic BP &#40;DBP&#41; plus one third of the pulse BP&#46; Change in MAP &#40;&#916;MAP&#41; was calculated as &#916;MAP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#91;&#40;MAP before transplantation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MAP after transplantation&#93;&#47;MBP before transplantation&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; The change in the night&#47;day ratio of MAP was obtained as the difference between the night&#47;day ratio of MAP after nephrectomy and the night&#47;day ratio of MAP before nephrectomy&#46; These examinations were performed one day before transplantation&#44; and then were repeated at the end of first month after transplantation when serum creatinine levels were stabilized&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Ethics</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study is approved by the local institutional research committee of Hacettepe University Medical Faculty &#40;GO-13&#47;42-30&#41; and conducted &#351;n accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments and declaration of Istanbul&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#46; Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test and Levene test were used to determine distribution characteristics and homogeneity of variances&#46; Categorical variables were compared with chi square test&#46; Continuous variables were compared with independent samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> test or Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test where appropriate&#46; The significance of differences in continuous variables before and after nephrectomy was determined by paired samples test or two related samples test&#46; Pearson correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables with normal distribution&#44; and Spearman correlation coefficient was used for continuous variables that are not normally distributed&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value of &#60;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The demographic and laboratory data of the study population are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between kidney donors and recipients&#46; Mean serum creatinine&#44; renalase levels&#44; 24-h proteinuria and BP measurements were lower in healthy donors than patients with ESRD&#46; Hemoglobin and GFR levels were higher in kidney donors than patients with ESRD&#46; After transplantation&#44; while the mean GFR and hemoglobin levels decreased&#44; serum renalase levels increased in donors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; GFR was reduced by 34&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;7&#37; in average from the baseline value of 115&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#46; Proteinuria did not change by nephrectomy&#46; In addition&#44; MAP levels slightly increased in donors after nephrectomy but remained within normal limits defined as SBP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#44; and DBP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#46; However&#44; the night-time SBP and DBP levels increased&#44; day-time SBP and DBP levels did not changed and the night&#47;day ratio of MAP increased significantly by nephrectomy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The rise in MAP after nephrectomy seemed related with night time BP elevations&#46; In transplant recipients&#44; while the mean GFR increased&#44; the mean serum creatinine&#44; serum renalase levels&#44; and BP levels decreased after transplantation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The night&#47;day ratio of MAP slightly reduced in transplant recipients after transplantation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; we could not find any association between pre and post transplantation renalase levels and MAP levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;13 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;11&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;49 respectively&#41;&#44; correlation analysis in whole study population showed that changes in MAP &#40;&#916;MAP&#41; correlated with alteration in serum renalase levels &#40;&#916;Renalase&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0004&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and change in GFR &#40;&#916;GFR&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;27&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41;&#46; Similarly&#44; we found a strong association between change in night&#47;day ratio of MAP and &#916;Renalase &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; &#916;Renalase was also found to be inversely correlated with change in GFR &#40;&#916;GFR&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;50&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00057&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study showed that kidney transplantation causes a shift in renalase levels&#44; MAP levels and circadian pattern of BP in kidney donors and recipients&#46; Changes in MAP and pattern of BP were associated with changes in renalase levels&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renalase immunostaining in biopsy specimens from patients with ESRD was found clearly decreased in renal cortex&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> However&#44; our results demonstrated that patients with ESRD have higher plasma renalase levels than healthy donors&#46; This finding thought that high level of plasma renalase in ESRD patients may be sourced from increased extra-renal renalase production&#46; Li G et al&#46; showed that plasma norepinephrine levels were measured markedly higher before transplant in ESRD patients in comparison with donors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> This finding suggested that sympathetic system was overactive in patients with ESRD&#46; Over activated sympathetic system may have also possible role in the enhanced secretion of renalase from extra-renal sources&#46; Renalase overproduction may be a compensate mechanism to suppress the sympathetic over activity in patients with CKD&#46; On the other hand&#44; transplant donors lost some glomerular function while plasma renalase levels increased after transplantation&#46; Our findings showed that after donation&#44; there was an immediate approximately 35&#37; reduction in GFR in the remaining kidney&#46; The decline in renalase clearance due to the low GFR may contribute the rise in plasma renalase levels&#46; These findings were similar with the results of the study reported by Santaos et al&#46; in which they showed that recovery of the renal function in transplant recipients was paralleled by a progressive decrease in plasma renalase levels and decline in glomerular function in donors was associated with increase in plasma renalase levels after transplantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BP generally varies according to a circadian rhythm characterized by a reduction during sleep and an increase during wakefulness&#46; The circadian fall in BP during sleep does not always occur in all individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Some individuals display a fall in BP during sleep &#40;dippers&#41; and others do not &#40;non-dippers&#41;&#46; Abnormal blood pressure diurnal rhythm &#40;non-dipping&#41; is more prevalent in patients with CKD&#46; The underlying mechanism&#44; however&#44; is not clear&#44; growing evidence indicates that sympathetic over activity may have role in development of hypertension and abnormal circadian BP variation in patients with CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In agreement with previous data&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> the study showed that patients with ESRD have higher MAP levels and night time BP levels compared with healthy donors&#46; After transplantation&#44; MAP and night time BP levels decreased in transplant recipients&#46; There was a direct correlation between renalase decrease and decline in MAP in day and night time&#46; This association suggested that beside the well-known factors&#44; decreased sympathetic over activity and renalase levels due to improvement of the GFR may have role in the decline MAP and abnormal diurnal BP rhythm in patients with ESRD after transplantation&#46; However&#44; a study performed in heart transplant recipients could not demonstrate a link between renalase levels and sympathetic nervous system activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to recipients&#44; slightly increased MAP was measured in donors after nephrectomy&#46; This MAP elevation mostly depends on the night time BP levels&#46; In an earlier study Goto et al&#46; suggested that unilateral nephrectomy disturbs the circadian rhythm of BP as a function of renal dysfunction in kidney donors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Our results seem parallel with the findings of Goto&#39;s study&#46; Our results also showed that rise in night-time MAP was associated positively with increase in renalase levels in transplant donors&#46; Both the rise in night-time MAP and plasma renalase levels in the donors after transplantation may be consequence of loss of GFR&#46; The association between change in the plasma renalase levels and night-time MAP suggested that sympathetic over activity due to GFR decline may have role in rise in night-time MAP of donors after nephrectomy&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; the study is the first study evaluating renalase levels and alteration in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in transplant donors and recipients before and after transplantation&#46; Renalase was suggested to play role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney damage in general population&#59; therefore&#44; this connection may be established in kidney donors and recipients&#46; However&#44; we could not find the direct association renalase and BP levels&#46; Our findings suggested that renalase may not have direct role on the blood pressure rise in transplant recipient and donors&#46; However&#44; its role may be suppressing the sympathetic system by degradation of catecholamines &#40;noradrenalin&#44; adrenaline and dopamine&#41;&#46; Therefore&#59; high plasma renalase levels may contribute blood pressure regulation indirectly due to balance the pressor effect of the catecholamines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Small numbers of the study population&#44; lack of the measurement of catecholamines or sympathetic activity and lack of evaluation of renal clearance of renalase are the limitation factors of our study&#46; The cross-sectional nature of the study also limits the ability to conclude any causal relationship between renalase&#44; BP levels&#44; circadian rhythm of BP and GFR&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; this study showed that renalase levels are associated with change in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in kidney transplant donors and recipients&#46; Additionally&#44; high levels of serum renalase were correlated with BP elevation and renal injury&#44; presented by low levels of GFR in kidney donors&#46; This observation is highlighted by understanding the possible pathophysiological significance of serum renalase in the development of hypertension in kidney donors&#46; However&#44; further prospective large-scale studies are needed to better define these observations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-10-05"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-01-28"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1529808"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Donor"
            1 => "Hypertension"
            2 => "Kidney"
            3 => "Recipient"
            4 => "Renalase"
            5 => "Transplantation"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1529809"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Donante"
            1 => "Hipertensi&#243;n"
            2 => "Ri&#241;&#243;n"
            3 => "Receptor"
            4 => "Renalasa"
            5 => "Trasplante"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence of hypertension increases as glomerular filtration rate &#40;GFR&#41; declines&#46; Renalase metabolizes catecholamines and have an important role in blood pressure &#40;BP&#41; regulation&#46; The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of kidney transplantation on renalase levels and BP in kidney donors and recipients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twenty kidney transplant recipients and their donors were included in the study&#46; Serum renalase levels and ambulatory BP values were measured in both donors and recipients before and after transplantation&#46; Factor associated with change in renalase and BP levels were also evaluated&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In donors&#59; mean GFR and hemoglobin levels decreased while night-time systolic blood pressure &#40;SBP&#41; and diastolic blood pressure &#40;DBP&#41; levels and serum renalase levels increased simultaneously after nephrectomy&#46; Day-time SBP and DBP levels did not changed and the night&#47;day ratio of mean arterial pressure &#40;MAP&#41; increased significantly&#46; In recipients&#44; mean GFR increased&#44; while mean serum renalase levels&#44; creatinine and BP levels decreased after transplantation&#46; Correlation analysis revealed that changes in MAP correlated with alteration in serum renalase levels and GFR&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">After transplantation&#44; serum renalase levels increased in donors and decreased in recipients&#46; The renalase levels are associated with change in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in donors and recipients&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de la hipertensi&#243;n aumenta a medida que la velocidad de filtraci&#243;n glomerular &#40;VFG&#41; disminuye&#46; La renalasa metaboliza las catecolaminas y tiene una funci&#243;n importante en la regulaci&#243;n de la presi&#243;n arterial &#40;PA&#41;&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del trasplante de ri&#241;&#243;n en los niveles de renalasa y PA en donantes y receptores de ri&#241;&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio se incluyeron veinte receptores de ri&#241;&#243;n y sus donantes&#46; Se midieron los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa y los valores de PA ambulatorios en donantes y receptores&#44; antes y despu&#233;s del trasplante&#46; Tambi&#233;n se evaluaron los factores asociados a la alteraci&#243;n de los niveles de renalasa y PA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En donantes&#59; la VFG media y los niveles de hemoglobina disminuyeron&#44; mientras que la presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; y diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#41; y los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa durante la noche aumentaron simult&#225;neamente despu&#233;s de la nefrectom&#237;a&#46; Los niveles de PAS y PAD no cambiaron durante el d&#237;a y el cociente noche&#47;d&#237;a de la presi&#243;n arterial media &#40;PAM&#41; aument&#243; significativamente&#46; En los receptores&#44; la VFG media aument&#243;&#44; mientras que los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa&#44; la creatinina y los niveles de PA disminuyeron despu&#233;s del trasplante&#46; El an&#225;lisis de correlaci&#243;n revel&#243; que los cambios de la PAM se correlacionaron con la alteraci&#243;n de los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa y la VFG&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tras el trasplante&#44; los niveles s&#233;ricos de renalasa aumentaron en los donantes y disminuyeron en los receptores&#46; Los niveles de renalasa se asocian a cambios en la PAM y al ritmo circadiano de la PA en donantes y receptores&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n y objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Materiales y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1221
            "Ancho" => 1508
            "Tamanyo" => 63683
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between change in mean blood pressure and change in serum renalase levels &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;36&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; before and after transplantation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#58; number&#44; GFR&#58; glomerular filtration rate&#44; SBP&#58; systolic blood pressure&#44; DBP&#58; diastolic blood pressure&#44; N&#47;D&#58; night-to-day&#44; BP&#58; blood pressure&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameters&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Kidney donors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex &#40;male&#41; &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pre-transplant renal replacement therapy &#40;n&#44;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemodialysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;70&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Preemptive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;30&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primary renal disease &#40;n&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glomerulonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Polycystic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urologic disorders&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amiloidosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unknown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Use of antihypertensives &#40;number of patients&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum renalase &#40;mcg&#47;mL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">125&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">242&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>147&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum hemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Serum creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Proteinuria &#40;mg&#47;24</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1328<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1198&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">126&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Night&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24-h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">120&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">127&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">75&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">82&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Night&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">162&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SBP &#40;mmHg&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">130&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
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