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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In chronic kidney disease &#40;CKD&#41; patients the reduction of renal function may be accompanied by loss of bone mineral density&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The development of CKD-MBD is associated with increased morbidity-mortality and risk of bone fracture&#46; Renal transplant recipients &#40;RTRs&#41; are at high risk of decreased bone mineral density &#40;BMD&#41; and CKD-MBD development due to the intense use of immunosuppressive drugs&#44; presence of a previous bone lesion&#44; and long term history of CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the early posttransplant period&#44; the risk of bone fracture is 7 times higher as compared to healthy individuals and 30&#37; higher than patients with end-stage renal disease &#40;ESRD&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site &#40;Wnt&#41; plays a significant role in the regulation of bone metabolism&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The &#40;canonical&#41; Wnt-&#946;-catenin signal pathway is the predominant component of Wnt signal which has a role in the regulation of bone cell activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Sclerostin is an anti-anabolic glycoprotein which is synthesized from osteocytes&#44; and inhibits the Wnt-&#946;-catenin signaling pathway required for osteoblast development and activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The inhibition of Wnt-&#946;-catenin signaling pathway receptors by sclerostin is thought to result in a decrease in the local skeletal activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Brandenburg et al&#46; suggested that sclerostin can be used as a new CKD-MBD-related marker in CKD patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Thambiah et al&#46; reported that serum sclerostin levels were associated with CKD-MBD development in CKD patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Ishimura et al&#46; reported that there was an inverse correlation between sclerostin and bone turnover markers in ESRD patients on dialysis and that sclerostin showed an anti-anabolic effect by inhibiting osteoblastic activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Cejka et al&#46; reported that sclerostin is inversely correlated with osteoblast number and histologicparameters of bone turn-over in ESRD patients on dialysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#59; in another study they show a correlation between sclerostin and reduction of BMD in dialysis patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabbagh et al&#46; showed in mice with polycystic kidney disease an early increase in bone synthesis of sclerostin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Pelletier et al&#46; reported that the serum sclerostin levels of CKD patients were 3&#8211;4 times higher compared to healthy individuals&#46; The same study reported that as the renal functions of CKD patients decreased&#44; there was an increase in their serum sclerostin levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Kanbay et al&#46; reported that in predialysis CKD patients as renal functions of deteriorated&#44; the serum sclerostin levels increased by 2&#8211;4 folds compared to that of healthy individuals due to decreased renal clearance or increased skeletal system production&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> In the study by Cejka et al&#46; on predialysis CKD patients&#44; it was reported that excretion of sclerostin was 10 times higher in stage 5 CKD patients than in stage 1 CKD patients&#46; It was suggested that the reason for high serum sclerostin levels in CKD patients might be due to increased bone production of sclerostin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is important to prevent long-term complications such as decreased BMD and development of MBD during the post-transplant period&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Although there are many studies investigating the correlation between sclerostin and MBD in predialysis and dialysis CKD patients&#44; studies on RTRs is limited&#44; and their results are contradictory&#46; The aim of our study is to investigate the correlation between sclerostin sclerostin and BMD as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#40;DXA&#41; in RTRs with &#8805;1 year post-transplantation maintained on low-dose steroid&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patient selection</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 cadaveric or living-donor transplantation in the Renal Transplantation Outpatient Clinic of Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital between February 2018 and January 2019&#46; The patients were compared with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with no history of any known comorbid disease or need of medication&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included patients &#62;18 years who agreed to participate in the study&#44; with functional graft for more than &#8805;1 year post-transplantation without rejection or need of dialysis&#46; Patients exclude were those who did not accept to participate&#44; had active malignancy and&#47;or systemic disease that could affect the interpretation of the data&#44; such as severe infection&#44; immobilization&#44; primary bone disease&#44; history of severe osteoporosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of &#8804;&#8722;2&#46;5&#41; and one or more fractures of the proximal femur &#91;femoral trochanter &#40;FT&#41;&#44; femoral neck &#40;FN&#41;&#93; or the lumbar vertebrae &#40;1&#8211;4&#41;&#44; history of severe or unremitting secondary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroidectomy since serum the levels of parathyroid hormone &#40;PTH&#41; may affect the production of sclerostin&#44; and those using drug affecting bone mineral metabolism &#40;oral phosphate &#40;P&#41; binders&#44; calcimimetics&#44; active vitamin D or vitamin D analog&#41; were excluded from the study&#46; All patients were given triple therapy containing mycophenolate mofetil &#40;MMF&#41;&#47;mycophenolate sodium &#40;MNa&#41; and steroids with calcineurin inhibitor &#40;CNI&#41; &#40;cyclosporine or tacrolimus&#41;&#47;mammalian target of rapamycin &#40;mTOR&#41; inhibitor &#40;sirolimus or everolimus&#41; as immunosuppressive therapy&#46; Induction therapy was carried out with basiliximab or anti-thymocyte globulin&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the study was explained to all participants&#44; and written informed consent was obtained from those who agreed to participate&#46; The approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection and laboratory measurements</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Venous blood samples taken following 10&#8211;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of nightfasting were centrifuged at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; 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detection range and analytical sensitivity values were 62&#46;50&#8211;4000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL and 37&#46;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL for sclerostin&#44; respectively&#46; Estimated glomerular filtration rate &#40;eGFR&#41; value was determined by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease &#40;MDRD&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> method&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#40;DXA&#41;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total femur &#40;FT&#41; and femoral neck &#40;FN&#41; BMD measurement for determining fracture risk and lumbar &#40;L&#41; BMD measurement are the most useful parameters for treatment follow-up&#46; In our study&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of FT &#40;FT-T&#41;&#44; FN &#40;FNT&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;L1-4-T&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> score of FT &#40;FT-Z&#41;&#44; FN &#40;FN-Z&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;L1-4-Z&#41; BMD measurements were made by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#40;DXA&#41; device &#40;HOLOGIC Instrumentation&#44; Waltham&#44; USA&#41; instrument&#46; The total L BMD was calculated by averaging the BMD of vertebrae L1 to L4&#46; BMD results were determined as g&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> scores were analyzed to determine fracture risk&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>-score was defined as the standard deviation of the comparison of the individual&#39;s bone mass value with the reference peak bone mass of healthy young adults&#44; and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score was defined as the standard deviation of the comparison of the individual&#39;s bone mass value with the reference value of healthy individuals in his&#47;her own age&#44; sex and race groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> According to the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis defined by the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of &#62;&#8722;1 was considered as normal&#44; between &#8722;1 and &#8722;2&#46;5 as osteopenia&#44; and a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of &#8804;&#8722;2&#46;5 was considered as osteoporosis development&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis was made using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows&#44; Version 22&#46;0 &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#41;&#46; The data are expressed as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation ormedian &#40;minimum&#8211;maximum&#41;&#44; as appropriate&#46; Pearson chi-square analysis was performed for categorical variables&#46; The normality assumptions were tested by the Shapiro&#8211;Wilk test&#46; The Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test and Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test were used for the analysis of non-normally and normally distributed numerical data&#44; respectively&#46; The Pearson correlation test was applied to analyze correlation between the continuous variables&#46; Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the independent factors associated with log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin&#46; Univariate analysis was used to determine all variables that are considered to be associated with the variable log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin including age&#44; gender&#44; time in post-transplant period&#44; immunosuppressive drugs used&#44; eGFR and BMD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> scores&#46; All factors with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02 on univariate analysis &#40;age&#44; gender&#44; Tacrolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&#44; Sirolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&#44; FN-T&#44; FT-Z&#44; FN-Z&#41; were analyzed in the multivariate model&#46; The multivariate linear regression analysis requires that the errors between observed and predicted values &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; the residuals of the regression&#41; should be normally distributed&#46; For this reason&#44; log transformation was applied to sclerostin variable&#46; Since FN-T and FN-Z measurements are strongly correlated&#44; separate regression models &#40;Model 1 for FN-T&#44; Model 2 for FN-Z&#41; were created for each variables&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> values of &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Patients&#8217; characteristics</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted on a total of 80 renal transplant recipients&#44; 38&#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41; male and 42 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41; female with a mean age of 44&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;39 years &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The mean post-transplant period was 110&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59 months&#46; Eleven patients &#40;13&#46;8&#37;&#41; were on cyclosporine&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid&#44; 44 &#40;55&#37;&#41; on tacrolimus&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid&#44; 19 &#40;23&#46;8&#37;&#41; on everolimus&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid and 6 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41; on sirolimus&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid&#46; The etiology of ESRD was diabetic nephropathy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&#44; hypertensive nephropathy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;&#44; chronic glomerulonephritis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&#44; amyloidosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&#44; nephrolithiasis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; polycystic kidney disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; neurogenic bladder &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; and unknown &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46; The mean creatinine was 1&#46;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL and the mean eGFR was 61&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; The mean iPTH&#44; Ca&#44; P&#44; 25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> were 104&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#44; 9&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; 2&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; and 15&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#44; respectively&#46; The mean log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin was 3&#46;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; The mean FT-T&#44; FT-Z&#44; FN-T&#44; FN-Z&#44; L1-4-T&#44; L1-4-Z were &#8722;0&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&#44; &#8722;0&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&#44; &#8722;1&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;09&#44; &#8722;0&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&#44; &#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2 and &#8722;0&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;13&#44; respectively&#46; Patients were compared with 40 healthy subjects&#46; The patients had significantly higher iPTH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and significantly lower eGFR&#44; P&#44; 25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; FT-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41;&#44; L1-4-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41; as compared to the healthy individuals&#46; There was no difference between both groups with regard to log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Median sclerostin levels and DXA</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin level was determined as 3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; Patients with log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin level of &#62;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL had more age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&#44; there were more males &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;004&#41;&#44; the FT-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#44; FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41;&#44; FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41; and FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41; were significantly higher and eGFR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;048&#41; was significantly lower than in those with a log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin level of &#8804;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; Since the log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin variable was grouped according to the median value&#44; there was no change in the data of the patients in both groups when the logarithmic transformation was not applied to the sclerostin variable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Correlation between sclerostin and DXA in RTRs</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The correlation analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and FN-T BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;296&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and FN-Z BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;019&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Also the correlation analysis shows a significant inverse correlation between sclerostin and FN-T BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;292&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;010&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; and FN-Z BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;245&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;033&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; There was no significant correlation between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and eGFR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;112&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;323&#41;&#44; FT-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;118&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;301&#41;&#44; FTZ &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;179&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;115&#41;&#44; L1-4-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;049&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;668&#41;&#44; L1-4-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;102&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;372&#41; BMD reduction&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin variable&#46; The dependent variable log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin was taken as a continuous variable&#46; Variables such as age and gender were significant&#46; A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors associated with serum sclerostin level and it was found that low FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;033&#41; &#40;Model 1&#41; and low FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41; &#40;Model 2&#41; were independently associated with high serum sclerostin levels independently of other risk factors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study shows a significant correlation between sclerostin and BMD reduction in RTRs&#46; To minimize the effects of steroid on the BMD reduction&#44; our study included patients with &#8805;1 year post transplantation and all patients were on 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day of steroids&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was found that serum sclerostin levels of RTRs were not different from that of healthy individuals&#46; The study by Tomei et al&#46; showed that the serum sclerostin levels it were similar in RTRs and CKD patients with similar eGFR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In the study by Tartaglione et al&#46; it was reported that serum sclerostin levels in RTR were not different from that of healthy subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; patients with high sclerostin levels were older and more frequent in males and this association was also confirmed by multivariate analysis&#46; M&#246;dder et al&#46; reported that sclerostin levels increase with age and in males due to increased total body skeletal mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The study by Tartaglione et al&#46; on 80 RTRs&#44; showed that males had higher serum sclerostin levels than females&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> They also suggested that this was due to the high body mass index in males or high serum estrogen levels in females that inhibit sclerostin production&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study patients with high sclerostin levels had lower eGFR values&#44; however this was not confirmed by the correlation analysis and multivariate analysis&#46; This result validate the view that serum sclerostin levels are not stronglyintensely modified by eGFR in RTRs&#46; Bonani et al&#46; reported that serum sclerostin levels decreased in the early period after transplantation to become normal by the end of the first year&#46; They reported no association between serum sclerostin levels and eGFR and suggested that the cause of normalization of sclerostin levels was due to an improvement in serum Ca&#44; P and vitamin D levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In the study by Tartaglione et al&#46; RTRs with a post-transplant period of more than 1 year and with a eGFR of &#62;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; there was no correlation between sclerostin and eGFR&#44; and this might be due to increased tubular excretion of sclerostin as eGFR decreases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The determination of BMD in RTRs by DXA is a useful test to evaluate risk of fracture risk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Although in ESRD patients there has been reported a relationship between sclerostin and CK-MBD&#44; two studies in RTRs report the opposite&#46; Tomei et al&#46; showed that there was no relationship between sclerostin and bone turnover markers in a study including 19 postmenopausal RTRs&#46; The limitations of this study were the low number of patients&#44; low&#47;moderate renal dysfunction in patients&#44; and the absence of marked bone disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Similarly&#44; Bonani et al&#46; reported that there was no association between sclerostin and reduction of BMD in RTRs&#44; however although this association was seen in CKD patients&#46; He argued that this was due to different demographic and biological features of patients such as younger age or preserved bone mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a preclinical study in mice&#44; Ominsky et al&#46; showed a relationship between sclerostin and FN BMD reduction and an increase in FN BMD after administration monoclonal antibody that inhibits sclerostin&#59; the latter was due to an increase in osteoblast activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Maluche et al&#46; suggested that there was a correlation between sclerostin and FN BMD reduction in ESRD patients on dialysis and that sclerostin could be used as a new non-invasive marker for bone mass reduction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Since proximal femur and L1-4 measurements with DXA are known to be the most sensitive points showing BMD reduction&#44; these regions were examined in our study&#44; and it was found that there was a correlation between high serum sclerostin levels and FN BMD reduction independently of other risk factors&#46; Our results were similar to the findings of a previous study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and supports the opinion that sclerostin can be used as a marker of FN BMD reduction in RTRs&#46; The decreased proximal femur BMD may be the highest risk of fracture as reported in RTRs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serum PTH levels are thought to increase the production of sclerostin&#46; In our study&#44; RTRs had higher serum iPTH than healthy individuals and it was found that patients with elevated sclerostin levels had significantly increased iPTH levels&#46; Makowka et al&#46; reported that serum PTH levels in the post-transplant 9th month were still 3 times higher than normal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Torres et al&#46; reported that resistant parathyroid hyperplasia and high serum PTH levels continued despite t good graft functions even after successful renal transplantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Evenepoel et al&#46; reported that the reason for still high post-transplant PTH levels may be related to the prolonged duration of dialysis before transplantation and the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Kanaan et al&#46;&#44; using computed tomography and bone turnover marker&#39;s reported that high PTH levels in the post-transplant period caused cortical and trabecular bone reduction in the peripheral skeletal system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> High serum iPTH levels despite a post-transplant period of &#8805;1 year may be triggering sclerostin production from osteocytes and proximal femur BMD reduction&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between sclerostin and BMD reduction in RTRs&#44; and although the results obtained were satisfactory for us&#44; the presence of some limitations affecting the results are notable&#46; First&#44; the study was cross-sectional and the long-term effects of sclerostin on BMD reduction were not investigated&#46; Second&#44; the study was conducted on RTRs at &#8805;1 year post-transplantation&#46; The correlation of sclerostin with BMD was not investigated in patients pretransplant and early post-transplant periods and using high-dose of steroids&#46; Third&#44; patients were compared with healthy individuals&#59; CKD patients with similar age and eGFR values were not included in the study&#46; Fourth&#44; in addition to sclerostin&#44; the correlation of other bone turnover markers&#44; fibroblast growth factor-23&#44; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase&#44; trimeric N-terminal propeptide&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and BMD was not investigated in the study&#46; Fifth&#44; the correlation between sclerostin and proximal femur and lumbar BMD reduction was investigated&#44; while the correlation of sclerostin with total hip and radius BMD loss was not investigated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; serum sclerostin levels were similar in RTRs and healthy individuals&#46; No correlation was found between sclerostin level and renal function&#46; It was found that a significant correlation between high serum sclerostin and proximal femur BMD reduction in RTRs on low-dose steroid&#46; Monitoring of serum sclerostin levels may be used as a valuable prognostic marker of FN BMD reduction and increased risk of bone fracture in RTRs at &#8805;1 year post-transplantation on low-dose steroid&#46; Yet&#44; there is a need for further multicenter studies with larger sample of patients since the results of the current studies in this respect are not uniform&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Statement of ethics</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study protocol was approved by the local institutional review board&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors have nothing to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sclerostin is an anti-anabolic protein synthesized by osteocytes that may cause osteoporosis by inhibiting bone formation&#46; The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between sclerostin and bone mineral density &#40;BMD&#41; reduction in renal transplant recipients &#40;RTRs&#41; with more than 1 year after transplantation&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients &#40;38 &#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41; male&#47;42 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41; female&#41; RTRs with a mean age of 44&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;39 years&#46; Patients were compared with an age and sex-matched control group of 40 healthy individuals&#46; BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry&#46; The levels of sclerostin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean sclerostin was 3&#46;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL in patients and 3&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL in healthy individuals&#46; The mean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of femoral trochanter &#40;FT&#41; &#40;FT-T&#41;&#44; femoral neck &#40;FN&#41; &#40;FN-T&#41;&#44; lumbar vertebrae &#40;L1-4&#41; &#40;L1-4-T&#41; were &#8722;0&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&#44; &#8722;1&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;09 and &#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&#44; respectively&#46; The mean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> score of FT &#40;FT-Z&#41;&#44; FN &#40;FN-Z&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;L1-4-Z&#41; were &#8722;0&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&#44; &#8722;0&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9 and &#8722;0&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;13&#44; respectively&#46; FT-Z and L1-4-Z were lower in patients than healthy subjects &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021 respectively&#41;&#46; Serum creatinine &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; intact parathyroid hormone &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; were higher and phosphate &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; was lower in patients than healthy subjects&#46; Patients with a log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin of &#62;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL had higher FT-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#44; FT-Z&#44; FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41;&#44; FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41; than those with a log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin of &#8804;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; There was a significant correlation between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;296&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41; and FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;019&#41;&#46; In linear regression analysis&#44; high sclerostin was found to be correlated with male gender&#44; lower FN-T and lower FN-Z independently of other risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The levels of sclerostin can predict reduction of proximal femur BMD and development of mineral and bone disorder in RTRs&#46; There was no difference in sclerostin levels between RTRs and healthy individuals&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La esclerostina es una prote&#237;na con efecto antianab&#243;lico sintetizada por los osteocitos que puede causar osteoporosis al inhibir la formaci&#243;n de hueso&#46; El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar la correlaci&#243;n entre la esclerostina y la reducci&#243;n de la densidad mineral &#243;sea &#40;DMO&#41; en receptores de trasplante renal &#40;RTR&#41; m&#225;s de un&#160;a&#241;o despu&#233;s del trasplante&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio transversal se realiz&#243; en 80&#160;pacientes &#40;38 &#91;47&#44;5&#37;&#93; varones&#47;42 &#91;52&#44;5&#37;&#93; mujeres&#41; RTR con una edad media de 44&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;39 a&#241;os&#46; Se compar&#243; a los pacientes con un grupo de comparaci&#243;n emparejado por edad y sexo de 40 individuos sanos&#46; La DMO se midi&#243; mediante absorciometr&#237;a de rayos X de doble energ&#237;a&#46; Los niveles de esclerostina se determinaron utilizando un enzimoinmunoan&#225;lisis de adsorci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El nivel medio de esclerostina fue de 3&#44;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml en pacientes y 3&#44;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml en individuos sanos&#46; La puntuaci&#243;n T media del troc&#225;nter femoral &#40;TF&#41; &#40;T-TF&#41;&#44; del cuello femoral &#40;CF&#41; &#40;T-CF&#41;&#44; las v&#233;rtebras lumbares &#40;L1-4&#41; &#40;T-L1-4&#41; fue de &#8722;0&#44;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;86&#44; &#8722;1&#44;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;09 y &#8722;0&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;2&#44; respectivamente&#46; La puntuaci&#243;n Z media del TF &#40;Z-TF&#41;&#44; CF &#40;Z-CF&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;Z-L1-4&#41; fue de &#8211;0&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;73&#44; &#8722;0&#44;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;9 y &#8722;0&#44;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;13&#44; respectivamente&#46; Las puntuaciones Z-TF y Z-L1-4 fueron inferiores en los pacientes que en los sujetos sanos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;009 y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;021&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Los niveles de creatinina s&#233;rica &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y hormona paratiroidea intacta &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; fueron superiores en los pacientes que en los sujetos sanos&#44; y los niveles de fosfato &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; fueron inferiores&#46; Los pacientes con un log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> esclerostina &#62;3&#44;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml tuvieron puntuaciones T-TF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;040&#41;&#44; Z-TF&#44; T-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41;&#44; Z-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41; superiores a las de los pacientes con un log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> esclerostina &#8804;3&#44;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#46; Se observ&#243; una correlaci&#243;n significativa entre log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> esclerostina y T-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#44;296&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;009&#41; y Z-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#44;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;019&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n lineal&#44; se observ&#243; que los niveles elevados de esclerostina estaban correlacionados con el sexo masculino&#44; una puntuaci&#243;n T-CF inferior y una puntuaci&#243;n Z-CF inferior independientemente de otros factores de riesgo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los niveles de esclerostina pueden predecir la reducci&#243;n de la DMO del f&#233;mur proximal y el desarrollo de un trastorno mineral y &#243;seo en RTR&#46; No se observaron diferencias en los niveles de esclerostina entre los RTR y los individuos sanos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;019&#41;&#46;</p>"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD and median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#46; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#44; Pearson chi-square test&#44; Fisher&#39;s Exact test&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; MMF&#44; mycophenolate mofetil&#59; MNa&#44; mycophenolate sodium&#59; ESRD&#44; end-stage renal disease&#59; iPTH&#44; intact parathyroid hormone&#59; Ca&#44; calcium&#59; P&#44; phosphate&#59; 25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#44; 25 hydroxy&#40;OH&#41;vitamin&#40;Vit&#41; D<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#59; BMD&#59; bone mineral density&#59; FT&#44; femoral trochanter&#59; FN&#44; femoral neck&#59; L&#44; lumbar vertebrae&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#41;Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#46;D&#46;&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Healthy control group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#46;D&#46;&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">44&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#47;42 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;40&#37;&#41;&#47;24 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;196&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time in posttransplant period &#40;months&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">110&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Use of immunosuppressive drugs</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cyclosporine-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;13&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tacrolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Everolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;23&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sirolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basiliximab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;27&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antithymocyte globulin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;72&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiology of ESRD</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetic nephropathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertensive nephropathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;50&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic glomerulonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;17&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amyloidosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#46;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nephrolithiasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Polycystic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurogenic bladder&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unknown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eGFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>iPTH &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#46;76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ca &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;899&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;444&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;294&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;86<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;590&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMD T score</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FT-T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;306&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FN-T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  """
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical&#44; demographic characteristics&#44; laboratory and BMD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> values of the patients and the healthy control group&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "identificador" => "at2"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD and median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#46; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#44; Pearson chi-square test&#44; Fisher&#39;s Exact test&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Gender &#40;male&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;073&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;403&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;137&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;070&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;237&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Time in posttransplant period &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cyclosporine-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;097&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;928&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tacrolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Everolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">FT-Z&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation of log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin with BMD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> score values in linear regression analysis&#46;</p>"
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Original article
The correlation between sclerostin and bone mineral density in renal transplant recipients
Correlación entre la esclerostina y la densidad mineral ósea en receptores de trasplante renal
Melahat Cobana,
Corresponding author
melahatcoban@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Sarper Oktenb
a Department of Nephrology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
b Department of Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In chronic kidney disease &#40;CKD&#41; patients the reduction of renal function may be accompanied by loss of bone mineral density&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The development of CKD-MBD is associated with increased morbidity-mortality and risk of bone fracture&#46; Renal transplant recipients &#40;RTRs&#41; are at high risk of decreased bone mineral density &#40;BMD&#41; and CKD-MBD development due to the intense use of immunosuppressive drugs&#44; presence of a previous bone lesion&#44; and long term history of CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the early posttransplant period&#44; the risk of bone fracture is 7 times higher as compared to healthy individuals and 30&#37; higher than patients with end-stage renal disease &#40;ESRD&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site &#40;Wnt&#41; plays a significant role in the regulation of bone metabolism&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The &#40;canonical&#41; Wnt-&#946;-catenin signal pathway is the predominant component of Wnt signal which has a role in the regulation of bone cell activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Sclerostin is an anti-anabolic glycoprotein which is synthesized from osteocytes&#44; and inhibits the Wnt-&#946;-catenin signaling pathway required for osteoblast development and activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The inhibition of Wnt-&#946;-catenin signaling pathway receptors by sclerostin is thought to result in a decrease in the local skeletal activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Brandenburg et al&#46; suggested that sclerostin can be used as a new CKD-MBD-related marker in CKD patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Thambiah et al&#46; reported that serum sclerostin levels were associated with CKD-MBD development in CKD patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Ishimura et al&#46; reported that there was an inverse correlation between sclerostin and bone turnover markers in ESRD patients on dialysis and that sclerostin showed an anti-anabolic effect by inhibiting osteoblastic activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Cejka et al&#46; reported that sclerostin is inversely correlated with osteoblast number and histologicparameters of bone turn-over in ESRD patients on dialysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#59; in another study they show a correlation between sclerostin and reduction of BMD in dialysis patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabbagh et al&#46; showed in mice with polycystic kidney disease an early increase in bone synthesis of sclerostin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Pelletier et al&#46; reported that the serum sclerostin levels of CKD patients were 3&#8211;4 times higher compared to healthy individuals&#46; The same study reported that as the renal functions of CKD patients decreased&#44; there was an increase in their serum sclerostin levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Kanbay et al&#46; reported that in predialysis CKD patients as renal functions of deteriorated&#44; the serum sclerostin levels increased by 2&#8211;4 folds compared to that of healthy individuals due to decreased renal clearance or increased skeletal system production&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> In the study by Cejka et al&#46; on predialysis CKD patients&#44; it was reported that excretion of sclerostin was 10 times higher in stage 5 CKD patients than in stage 1 CKD patients&#46; It was suggested that the reason for high serum sclerostin levels in CKD patients might be due to increased bone production of sclerostin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is important to prevent long-term complications such as decreased BMD and development of MBD during the post-transplant period&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Although there are many studies investigating the correlation between sclerostin and MBD in predialysis and dialysis CKD patients&#44; studies on RTRs is limited&#44; and their results are contradictory&#46; The aim of our study is to investigate the correlation between sclerostin sclerostin and BMD as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#40;DXA&#41; in RTRs with &#8805;1 year post-transplantation maintained on low-dose steroid&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patient selection</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 cadaveric or living-donor transplantation in the Renal Transplantation Outpatient Clinic of Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital between February 2018 and January 2019&#46; The patients were compared with 40 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with no history of any known comorbid disease or need of medication&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included patients &#62;18 years who agreed to participate in the study&#44; with functional graft for more than &#8805;1 year post-transplantation without rejection or need of dialysis&#46; Patients exclude were those who did not accept to participate&#44; had active malignancy and&#47;or systemic disease that could affect the interpretation of the data&#44; such as severe infection&#44; immobilization&#44; primary bone disease&#44; history of severe osteoporosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of &#8804;&#8722;2&#46;5&#41; and one or more fractures of the proximal femur &#91;femoral trochanter &#40;FT&#41;&#44; femoral neck &#40;FN&#41;&#93; or the lumbar vertebrae &#40;1&#8211;4&#41;&#44; history of severe or unremitting secondary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroidectomy since serum the levels of parathyroid hormone &#40;PTH&#41; may affect the production of sclerostin&#44; and those using drug affecting bone mineral metabolism &#40;oral phosphate &#40;P&#41; binders&#44; calcimimetics&#44; active vitamin D or vitamin D analog&#41; were excluded from the study&#46; All patients were given triple therapy containing mycophenolate mofetil &#40;MMF&#41;&#47;mycophenolate sodium &#40;MNa&#41; and steroids with calcineurin inhibitor &#40;CNI&#41; &#40;cyclosporine or tacrolimus&#41;&#47;mammalian target of rapamycin &#40;mTOR&#41; inhibitor &#40;sirolimus or everolimus&#41; as immunosuppressive therapy&#46; Induction therapy was carried out with basiliximab or anti-thymocyte globulin&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the study was explained to all participants&#44; and written informed consent was obtained from those who agreed to participate&#46; The approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection and laboratory measurements</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Venous blood samples taken following 10&#8211;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of nightfasting were centrifuged at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; the supernatants were stored at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; Serum creatinine&#44; calcium &#40;Ca&#41;&#44; and phosphate &#40;P&#41; levels were measured with the spectrophotometric method using Beckman Coulter commercial kits on Beckman Coulter AU5800 &#40;Beckman Coulter Instrumentation&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; autoanalyzer&#46; Intact parathyroid hormone &#40;iPTH&#41; was measured using the chemiluminescence method on Beckman Coulter DxI800 &#40;Beckman Coulter Inc&#44; San Diego&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; analyzer&#46; 25 hydroxy&#40;OH&#41;vitamin&#40;Vit&#41; D<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#41; level was measured with chemiluminescence assay using Liason &#40;DiaSorin&#44; MN&#44; USA&#41; analyzer&#46; Serum sclerostin &#40;Elabscience&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; kits&#46; For all parameters&#44; the inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variations were &#60;10&#37;&#59; detection range and analytical sensitivity values were 62&#46;50&#8211;4000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL and 37&#46;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL for sclerostin&#44; respectively&#46; Estimated glomerular filtration rate &#40;eGFR&#41; value was determined by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease &#40;MDRD&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> method&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#40;DXA&#41;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total femur &#40;FT&#41; and femoral neck &#40;FN&#41; BMD measurement for determining fracture risk and lumbar &#40;L&#41; BMD measurement are the most useful parameters for treatment follow-up&#46; In our study&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of FT &#40;FT-T&#41;&#44; FN &#40;FNT&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;L1-4-T&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> score of FT &#40;FT-Z&#41;&#44; FN &#40;FN-Z&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;L1-4-Z&#41; BMD measurements were made by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#40;DXA&#41; device &#40;HOLOGIC Instrumentation&#44; Waltham&#44; USA&#41; instrument&#46; The total L BMD was calculated by averaging the BMD of vertebrae L1 to L4&#46; BMD results were determined as g&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> scores were analyzed to determine fracture risk&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>-score was defined as the standard deviation of the comparison of the individual&#39;s bone mass value with the reference peak bone mass of healthy young adults&#44; and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score was defined as the standard deviation of the comparison of the individual&#39;s bone mass value with the reference value of healthy individuals in his&#47;her own age&#44; sex and race groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> According to the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis defined by the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of &#62;&#8722;1 was considered as normal&#44; between &#8722;1 and &#8722;2&#46;5 as osteopenia&#44; and a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of &#8804;&#8722;2&#46;5 was considered as osteoporosis development&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis was made using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows&#44; Version 22&#46;0 &#40;IBM Corp&#46;&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#41;&#46; The data are expressed as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation ormedian &#40;minimum&#8211;maximum&#41;&#44; as appropriate&#46; Pearson chi-square analysis was performed for categorical variables&#46; The normality assumptions were tested by the Shapiro&#8211;Wilk test&#46; The Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test and Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test were used for the analysis of non-normally and normally distributed numerical data&#44; respectively&#46; The Pearson correlation test was applied to analyze correlation between the continuous variables&#46; Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the independent factors associated with log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin&#46; Univariate analysis was used to determine all variables that are considered to be associated with the variable log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin including age&#44; gender&#44; time in post-transplant period&#44; immunosuppressive drugs used&#44; eGFR and BMD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> scores&#46; All factors with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02 on univariate analysis &#40;age&#44; gender&#44; Tacrolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&#44; Sirolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&#44; FN-T&#44; FT-Z&#44; FN-Z&#41; were analyzed in the multivariate model&#46; The multivariate linear regression analysis requires that the errors between observed and predicted values &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; the residuals of the regression&#41; should be normally distributed&#46; For this reason&#44; log transformation was applied to sclerostin variable&#46; Since FN-T and FN-Z measurements are strongly correlated&#44; separate regression models &#40;Model 1 for FN-T&#44; Model 2 for FN-Z&#41; were created for each variables&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> values of &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Patients&#8217; characteristics</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted on a total of 80 renal transplant recipients&#44; 38&#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41; male and 42 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41; female with a mean age of 44&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;39 years &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The mean post-transplant period was 110&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59 months&#46; Eleven patients &#40;13&#46;8&#37;&#41; were on cyclosporine&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid&#44; 44 &#40;55&#37;&#41; on tacrolimus&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid&#44; 19 &#40;23&#46;8&#37;&#41; on everolimus&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid and 6 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41; on sirolimus&#8211;MMF&#47;MNa&#8211;steroid&#46; The etiology of ESRD was diabetic nephropathy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&#44; hypertensive nephropathy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41;&#44; chronic glomerulonephritis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&#44; amyloidosis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&#44; nephrolithiasis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; polycystic kidney disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; neurogenic bladder &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; and unknown &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46; The mean creatinine was 1&#46;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL and the mean eGFR was 61&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; The mean iPTH&#44; Ca&#44; P&#44; 25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> were 104&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#44; 9&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; 2&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; and 15&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#44; respectively&#46; The mean log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin was 3&#46;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; The mean FT-T&#44; FT-Z&#44; FN-T&#44; FN-Z&#44; L1-4-T&#44; L1-4-Z were &#8722;0&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&#44; &#8722;0&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&#44; &#8722;1&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;09&#44; &#8722;0&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&#44; &#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2 and &#8722;0&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;13&#44; respectively&#46; Patients were compared with 40 healthy subjects&#46; The patients had significantly higher iPTH &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and significantly lower eGFR&#44; P&#44; 25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; FT-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41;&#44; L1-4-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41; as compared to the healthy individuals&#46; There was no difference between both groups with regard to log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Median sclerostin levels and DXA</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin level was determined as 3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; Patients with log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin level of &#62;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL had more age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&#44; there were more males &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;004&#41;&#44; the FT-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#44; FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41;&#44; FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41; and FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41; were significantly higher and eGFR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;048&#41; was significantly lower than in those with a log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin level of &#8804;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; Since the log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin variable was grouped according to the median value&#44; there was no change in the data of the patients in both groups when the logarithmic transformation was not applied to the sclerostin variable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Correlation between sclerostin and DXA in RTRs</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The correlation analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and FN-T BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;296&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and FN-Z BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;019&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Also the correlation analysis shows a significant inverse correlation between sclerostin and FN-T BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;292&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;010&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; and FN-Z BMD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;245&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;033&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; There was no significant correlation between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and eGFR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;112&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;323&#41;&#44; FT-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;118&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;301&#41;&#44; FTZ &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;179&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;115&#41;&#44; L1-4-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;049&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;668&#41;&#44; L1-4-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;102&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;372&#41; BMD reduction&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin variable&#46; The dependent variable log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin was taken as a continuous variable&#46; Variables such as age and gender were significant&#46; A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors associated with serum sclerostin level and it was found that low FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;033&#41; &#40;Model 1&#41; and low FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41; &#40;Model 2&#41; were independently associated with high serum sclerostin levels independently of other risk factors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study shows a significant correlation between sclerostin and BMD reduction in RTRs&#46; To minimize the effects of steroid on the BMD reduction&#44; our study included patients with &#8805;1 year post transplantation and all patients were on 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day of steroids&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was found that serum sclerostin levels of RTRs were not different from that of healthy individuals&#46; The study by Tomei et al&#46; showed that the serum sclerostin levels it were similar in RTRs and CKD patients with similar eGFR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In the study by Tartaglione et al&#46; it was reported that serum sclerostin levels in RTR were not different from that of healthy subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; patients with high sclerostin levels were older and more frequent in males and this association was also confirmed by multivariate analysis&#46; M&#246;dder et al&#46; reported that sclerostin levels increase with age and in males due to increased total body skeletal mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The study by Tartaglione et al&#46; on 80 RTRs&#44; showed that males had higher serum sclerostin levels than females&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> They also suggested that this was due to the high body mass index in males or high serum estrogen levels in females that inhibit sclerostin production&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study patients with high sclerostin levels had lower eGFR values&#44; however this was not confirmed by the correlation analysis and multivariate analysis&#46; This result validate the view that serum sclerostin levels are not stronglyintensely modified by eGFR in RTRs&#46; Bonani et al&#46; reported that serum sclerostin levels decreased in the early period after transplantation to become normal by the end of the first year&#46; They reported no association between serum sclerostin levels and eGFR and suggested that the cause of normalization of sclerostin levels was due to an improvement in serum Ca&#44; P and vitamin D levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In the study by Tartaglione et al&#46; RTRs with a post-transplant period of more than 1 year and with a eGFR of &#62;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; there was no correlation between sclerostin and eGFR&#44; and this might be due to increased tubular excretion of sclerostin as eGFR decreases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The determination of BMD in RTRs by DXA is a useful test to evaluate risk of fracture risk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Although in ESRD patients there has been reported a relationship between sclerostin and CK-MBD&#44; two studies in RTRs report the opposite&#46; Tomei et al&#46; showed that there was no relationship between sclerostin and bone turnover markers in a study including 19 postmenopausal RTRs&#46; The limitations of this study were the low number of patients&#44; low&#47;moderate renal dysfunction in patients&#44; and the absence of marked bone disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Similarly&#44; Bonani et al&#46; reported that there was no association between sclerostin and reduction of BMD in RTRs&#44; however although this association was seen in CKD patients&#46; He argued that this was due to different demographic and biological features of patients such as younger age or preserved bone mass&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a preclinical study in mice&#44; Ominsky et al&#46; showed a relationship between sclerostin and FN BMD reduction and an increase in FN BMD after administration monoclonal antibody that inhibits sclerostin&#59; the latter was due to an increase in osteoblast activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Maluche et al&#46; suggested that there was a correlation between sclerostin and FN BMD reduction in ESRD patients on dialysis and that sclerostin could be used as a new non-invasive marker for bone mass reduction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Since proximal femur and L1-4 measurements with DXA are known to be the most sensitive points showing BMD reduction&#44; these regions were examined in our study&#44; and it was found that there was a correlation between high serum sclerostin levels and FN BMD reduction independently of other risk factors&#46; Our results were similar to the findings of a previous study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and supports the opinion that sclerostin can be used as a marker of FN BMD reduction in RTRs&#46; The decreased proximal femur BMD may be the highest risk of fracture as reported in RTRs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serum PTH levels are thought to increase the production of sclerostin&#46; In our study&#44; RTRs had higher serum iPTH than healthy individuals and it was found that patients with elevated sclerostin levels had significantly increased iPTH levels&#46; Makowka et al&#46; reported that serum PTH levels in the post-transplant 9th month were still 3 times higher than normal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Torres et al&#46; reported that resistant parathyroid hyperplasia and high serum PTH levels continued despite t good graft functions even after successful renal transplantation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Evenepoel et al&#46; reported that the reason for still high post-transplant PTH levels may be related to the prolonged duration of dialysis before transplantation and the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Kanaan et al&#46;&#44; using computed tomography and bone turnover marker&#39;s reported that high PTH levels in the post-transplant period caused cortical and trabecular bone reduction in the peripheral skeletal system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> High serum iPTH levels despite a post-transplant period of &#8805;1 year may be triggering sclerostin production from osteocytes and proximal femur BMD reduction&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between sclerostin and BMD reduction in RTRs&#44; and although the results obtained were satisfactory for us&#44; the presence of some limitations affecting the results are notable&#46; First&#44; the study was cross-sectional and the long-term effects of sclerostin on BMD reduction were not investigated&#46; Second&#44; the study was conducted on RTRs at &#8805;1 year post-transplantation&#46; The correlation of sclerostin with BMD was not investigated in patients pretransplant and early post-transplant periods and using high-dose of steroids&#46; Third&#44; patients were compared with healthy individuals&#59; CKD patients with similar age and eGFR values were not included in the study&#46; Fourth&#44; in addition to sclerostin&#44; the correlation of other bone turnover markers&#44; fibroblast growth factor-23&#44; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase&#44; trimeric N-terminal propeptide&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and BMD was not investigated in the study&#46; Fifth&#44; the correlation between sclerostin and proximal femur and lumbar BMD reduction was investigated&#44; while the correlation of sclerostin with total hip and radius BMD loss was not investigated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; serum sclerostin levels were similar in RTRs and healthy individuals&#46; No correlation was found between sclerostin level and renal function&#46; It was found that a significant correlation between high serum sclerostin and proximal femur BMD reduction in RTRs on low-dose steroid&#46; Monitoring of serum sclerostin levels may be used as a valuable prognostic marker of FN BMD reduction and increased risk of bone fracture in RTRs at &#8805;1 year post-transplantation on low-dose steroid&#46; Yet&#44; there is a need for further multicenter studies with larger sample of patients since the results of the current studies in this respect are not uniform&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Statement of ethics</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study protocol was approved by the local institutional review board&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors have nothing to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sclerostin is an anti-anabolic protein synthesized by osteocytes that may cause osteoporosis by inhibiting bone formation&#46; The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between sclerostin and bone mineral density &#40;BMD&#41; reduction in renal transplant recipients &#40;RTRs&#41; with more than 1 year after transplantation&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients &#40;38 &#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41; male&#47;42 &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41; female&#41; RTRs with a mean age of 44&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;39 years&#46; Patients were compared with an age and sex-matched control group of 40 healthy individuals&#46; BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry&#46; The levels of sclerostin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean sclerostin was 3&#46;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL in patients and 3&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL in healthy individuals&#46; The mean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> score of femoral trochanter &#40;FT&#41; &#40;FT-T&#41;&#44; femoral neck &#40;FN&#41; &#40;FN-T&#41;&#44; lumbar vertebrae &#40;L1-4&#41; &#40;L1-4-T&#41; were &#8722;0&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&#44; &#8722;1&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;09 and &#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&#44; respectively&#46; The mean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> score of FT &#40;FT-Z&#41;&#44; FN &#40;FN-Z&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;L1-4-Z&#41; were &#8722;0&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&#44; &#8722;0&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9 and &#8722;0&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;13&#44; respectively&#46; FT-Z and L1-4-Z were lower in patients than healthy subjects &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021 respectively&#41;&#46; Serum creatinine &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; intact parathyroid hormone &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; were higher and phosphate &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; was lower in patients than healthy subjects&#46; Patients with a log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin of &#62;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL had higher FT-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#44; FT-Z&#44; FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41;&#44; FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41; than those with a log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin of &#8804;3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;mL&#46; There was a significant correlation between log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin and FN-T &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;296&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41; and FN-Z &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;019&#41;&#46; In linear regression analysis&#44; high sclerostin was found to be correlated with male gender&#44; lower FN-T and lower FN-Z independently of other risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The levels of sclerostin can predict reduction of proximal femur BMD and development of mineral and bone disorder in RTRs&#46; There was no difference in sclerostin levels between RTRs and healthy individuals&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La esclerostina es una prote&#237;na con efecto antianab&#243;lico sintetizada por los osteocitos que puede causar osteoporosis al inhibir la formaci&#243;n de hueso&#46; El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar la correlaci&#243;n entre la esclerostina y la reducci&#243;n de la densidad mineral &#243;sea &#40;DMO&#41; en receptores de trasplante renal &#40;RTR&#41; m&#225;s de un&#160;a&#241;o despu&#233;s del trasplante&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio transversal se realiz&#243; en 80&#160;pacientes &#40;38 &#91;47&#44;5&#37;&#93; varones&#47;42 &#91;52&#44;5&#37;&#93; mujeres&#41; RTR con una edad media de 44&#44;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;39 a&#241;os&#46; Se compar&#243; a los pacientes con un grupo de comparaci&#243;n emparejado por edad y sexo de 40 individuos sanos&#46; La DMO se midi&#243; mediante absorciometr&#237;a de rayos X de doble energ&#237;a&#46; Los niveles de esclerostina se determinaron utilizando un enzimoinmunoan&#225;lisis de adsorci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El nivel medio de esclerostina fue de 3&#44;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml en pacientes y 3&#44;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml en individuos sanos&#46; La puntuaci&#243;n T media del troc&#225;nter femoral &#40;TF&#41; &#40;T-TF&#41;&#44; del cuello femoral &#40;CF&#41; &#40;T-CF&#41;&#44; las v&#233;rtebras lumbares &#40;L1-4&#41; &#40;T-L1-4&#41; fue de &#8722;0&#44;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;86&#44; &#8722;1&#44;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;09 y &#8722;0&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;2&#44; respectivamente&#46; La puntuaci&#243;n Z media del TF &#40;Z-TF&#41;&#44; CF &#40;Z-CF&#41;&#44; L1-4 &#40;Z-L1-4&#41; fue de &#8211;0&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;73&#44; &#8722;0&#44;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;9 y &#8722;0&#44;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;13&#44; respectivamente&#46; Las puntuaciones Z-TF y Z-L1-4 fueron inferiores en los pacientes que en los sujetos sanos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;009 y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;021&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Los niveles de creatinina s&#233;rica &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y hormona paratiroidea intacta &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; fueron superiores en los pacientes que en los sujetos sanos&#44; y los niveles de fosfato &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; fueron inferiores&#46; Los pacientes con un log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> esclerostina &#62;3&#44;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml tuvieron puntuaciones T-TF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;040&#41;&#44; Z-TF&#44; T-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41;&#44; Z-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41; superiores a las de los pacientes con un log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> esclerostina &#8804;3&#44;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#46; Se observ&#243; una correlaci&#243;n significativa entre log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> esclerostina y T-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#44;296&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;009&#41; y Z-CF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#44;269&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;019&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n lineal&#44; se observ&#243; que los niveles elevados de esclerostina estaban correlacionados con el sexo masculino&#44; una puntuaci&#243;n T-CF inferior y una puntuaci&#243;n Z-CF inferior independientemente de otros factores de riesgo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los niveles de esclerostina pueden predecir la reducci&#243;n de la DMO del f&#233;mur proximal y el desarrollo de un trastorno mineral y &#243;seo en RTR&#46; No se observaron diferencias en los niveles de esclerostina entre los RTR y los individuos sanos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD and median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#46; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#44; Pearson chi-square test&#44; Fisher&#39;s Exact test&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; MMF&#44; mycophenolate mofetil&#59; MNa&#44; mycophenolate sodium&#59; ESRD&#44; end-stage renal disease&#59; iPTH&#44; intact parathyroid hormone&#59; Ca&#44; calcium&#59; P&#44; phosphate&#59; 25&#40;OH&#41;VitD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#44; 25 hydroxy&#40;OH&#41;vitamin&#40;Vit&#41; D<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#59; BMD&#59; bone mineral density&#59; FT&#44; femoral trochanter&#59; FN&#44; femoral neck&#59; L&#44; lumbar vertebrae&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Everolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;23&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sirolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Induction therapy</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basiliximab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;27&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antithymocyte globulin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;72&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiology of ESRD</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetic nephropathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertensive nephropathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;50&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic glomerulonephritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;17&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Amyloidosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;3&#46;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nephrolithiasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Polycystic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurogenic bladder&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unknown&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eGFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>iPTH &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#46;76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ca &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;899&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical&#44; demographic characteristics&#44; laboratory and BMD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> values of the patients and the healthy control group&#46;</p>"
        ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
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            "rol" => "short"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD and median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#46; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test&#44; Pearson chi-square test&#44; Fisher&#39;s Exact test&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;109&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gender &#40;male&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;064&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;073&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;403&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;137&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;070&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;237&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Time in posttransplant period &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;071&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cyclosporine-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;097&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;928&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tacrolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;066&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;090&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;076&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;275&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;188&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;146&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Everolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;078&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;282&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sirolimus-MMF&#47;MNa-steroid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;126&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;184&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;175&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;325&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">eGFR &#40;mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;112&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;323&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FT-T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation of log<span class="elsevierStyleInf">10</span> sclerostin with BMD <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span> score values in linear regression analysis&#46;</p>"
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