Letter to the Editor
Persistent acute renal failure in a patient infected with Plasmodium malariae: the importance of renal biopsy
Fracaso renal agudo anúrico persistente en paciente infectado con Plasmodium malariae: la importancia de la biopsia renal
Simona Alexandrua,
, Alberto Ortiz Arduanb, Maria López Picassoa, Laura García-Puente Suareza, Saul Enrique Pampa Saícoa, Maria Soledad Pizarro Sáncheza, Pablo Cannata Ortizc, Raquel Barba Martind
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Anatomo Patologia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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A) Glomérulo con patrón colapsante en tejido parafinado con artefacto de procesamiento (plata metenamina, ×200). B) Esclerosis del ovillo glomerular e hiperplasia podocitaria, ya en forma de cruz copta en tejido congelado (plata metenamina, ×200). C) Glomérulo con colapso cordiforme en tejido congelado (tricrómico, ×200). 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"aff0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Pablo Cannata" "apellidos" => "Ortiz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Raquel Barba" "apellidos" => "Martin" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomo Patologia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Fracaso renal agudo anúrico persistente en paciente infectado con <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plasmodium malariae</span>: la importancia de la biopsia renal" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1590 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 375010 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Renal biopsy. A) Glomerulus with collapsing pattern in paraffin-embedded tissue with processing artefact (methenamine silver, ×200). B) Sclerosis of the glomerular tuft and hyperplastic podocyte, already in the shape of a Coptic cross in frozen tissue (methenamine silver, ×200). C) Glomerulus with heart-shaped collapse in frozen tissue (trichrome, ×200). D) Acute tubular damage and calcium oxalate crystals in tubular epithelium (H&E, ×200).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathogenesis of acute renal lesion in patients with malaria is not very well known, with endothelial damage and microvascular obstruction by the infected erythrocyte being suspected.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute renal failure is quite common, and transient treatment with haemodialysis may be necessary. Generally speaking, no renal biopsy is performed and a mean recovery of 17 days is assumed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In some cases in which an anatomopathological study was available, minimal-change disease<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> or collapsing focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis were diagnosed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 43-year-old male, diagnosed in February 2018 in an African country with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plasmodium falciparum</span> infection and treated with artemisinin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. He subsequently developed acute renal failure requiring replacement therapy with haemodialysis. More than one month after the diagnosis, and after agreeing to a renal biopsy due to the persistence of anuria and dependence on dialysis, the biopsy showed a collapsing focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and an acute immunoallergic tubulointerstitial nephritis, with large intratubular crystals very specific to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Treatment was initiated with three daily doses of 250 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisone (1 mg/g/day), allowing the patient to recover and abandon the haemodialysis programme in a few days. In subsequent examinations, renal function improved progressively to an MDRD-4 eGFR of 20 mL/min, albeit in combination with a nephrotic range proteinuria (between 18.3 and 6.8 g/24 h). After reviewing all the cases published until then, we proposed continuing the treatment with corticosteroids in a regimen similar to the one used in the treatment of a primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. The maximum improvement obtained was MDRD-4 eGFR 28 mL/min with a slight fall in proteinuria (5, 6 g/day). The treatment with corticosteroids was gradually reduced until it was discontinued after six months, without full recovery of renal function being achieved (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hitherto, four cases of collapsing focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis related to a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plasmodium falciparum</span> infection have been published. Two of them improved, a 12-year-old boy who required 28 haemodialysis sessions, but not corticosteroids,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and a 37-year-old man who was given corticosteroids for six months, in addition to acute haemodialysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The other two cases, a 72-year-old man<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and a 62-year-old woman<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> required treatment with chronic haemodialysis. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is used for its antibacterial and antimalarial activity, as well as to avoid a potential artemisinin resistance, although in our case it was deemed responsible for an immunoallergic tubulointerstitial nephritis. The corticosteroid treatment produced a certain improvement and allowed the patient to leave the haemodialysis programme. Although the corticosteroid treatment was prolonged for several months, we did not obtain significant results. The patient is currently being followed up in the outpatient department, with an MDRD-4 eGFR of around 17 mL/min.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With this case, we emphasise the need to consider a diagnostic renal biopsy in patients with malaria and acute renal failure.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Alexandru S, Arduan AO, Picasso ML, Suarez LG-P, Saíco SEP, Sánchez MSP, et al. Fracaso renal agudo anúrico persistente en paciente infectado con <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plasmodium malariae</span>: la importancia de la biopsia renal. Nefrologia. 2020;40:571–573.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1590 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 375010 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Renal biopsy. A) Glomerulus with collapsing pattern in paraffin-embedded tissue with processing artefact (methenamine silver, ×200). B) Sclerosis of the glomerular tuft and hyperplastic podocyte, already in the shape of a Coptic cross in frozen tissue (methenamine silver, ×200). C) Glomerulus with heart-shaped collapse in frozen tissue (trichrome, ×200). D) Acute tubular damage and calcium oxalate crystals in tubular epithelium (H&E, ×200).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1459 "Ancho" => 2919 "Tamanyo" => 186155 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evolution of renal function and proteinuria in one year of follow-up.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Falciparum malaria: sticking up, standing out and out-standing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2024 October | 63 | 49 | 112 |
| 2024 September | 70 | 45 | 115 |
| 2024 August | 69 | 83 | 152 |
| 2024 July | 43 | 28 | 71 |
| 2024 June | 61 | 51 | 112 |
| 2024 May | 48 | 41 | 89 |
| 2024 April | 48 | 36 | 84 |
| 2024 March | 46 | 33 | 79 |
| 2024 February | 37 | 37 | 74 |
| 2024 January | 37 | 24 | 61 |
| 2023 December | 32 | 36 | 68 |
| 2023 November | 35 | 36 | 71 |
| 2023 October | 33 | 31 | 64 |
| 2023 September | 30 | 29 | 59 |
| 2023 August | 35 | 28 | 63 |
| 2023 July | 38 | 21 | 59 |
| 2023 June | 42 | 29 | 71 |
| 2023 May | 41 | 160 | 201 |
| 2023 April | 22 | 17 | 39 |
| 2023 March | 57 | 25 | 82 |
| 2023 February | 35 | 17 | 52 |
| 2023 January | 35 | 31 | 66 |
| 2022 December | 65 | 24 | 89 |
| 2022 November | 49 | 23 | 72 |
| 2022 October | 45 | 41 | 86 |
| 2022 September | 44 | 30 | 74 |
| 2022 August | 27 | 46 | 73 |
| 2022 July | 69 | 48 | 117 |
| 2022 June | 58 | 42 | 100 |
| 2022 May | 47 | 28 | 75 |
| 2022 April | 42 | 52 | 94 |
| 2022 March | 37 | 41 | 78 |
| 2022 February | 35 | 44 | 79 |
| 2022 January | 31 | 35 | 66 |
| 2021 December | 31 | 44 | 75 |
| 2021 November | 46 | 29 | 75 |
| 2021 October | 45 | 48 | 93 |
| 2021 September | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2021 August | 34 | 43 | 77 |
| 2021 July | 55 | 33 | 88 |
| 2021 June | 43 | 30 | 73 |
| 2021 May | 36 | 49 | 85 |
| 2021 April | 78 | 94 | 172 |
| 2021 March | 49 | 38 | 87 |
| 2021 February | 34 | 24 | 58 |
| 2021 January | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2020 December | 34 | 30 | 64 |
| 2020 November | 6 | 2 | 8 |
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