Letter to the Editor
Degree of adherence and knowledge prior to medication reconciliation in patients on peritoneal dialysis
Grado de adherencia y conocimiento previo a la conciliación terapéutica en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal
Anunciación González López
, Álvaro Nava Rebollo, Beatriz Andrés Martín, Francisco Herrera Gómez, Henar Santana Zapatero, Julia Diego Martín, Fernando Casquero Fernández, Ángel Chocarro Martínez, Cipriano Escaja Muga, Hugo Díaz Molina, Jesús Grande Villoria
Corresponding author
Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Zamora, Spain
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López" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "gonzaleza@senefro.org" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Álvaro" "apellidos" => "Nava Rebollo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Beatriz" "apellidos" => "Andrés Martín" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Herrera Gómez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Henar" "apellidos" => "Santana Zapatero" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Julia" "apellidos" => "Diego Martín" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "Casquero Fernández" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ángel" "apellidos" => "Chocarro Martínez" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cipriano" "apellidos" => "Escaja Muga" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hugo" "apellidos" => "Díaz Molina" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jesús" "apellidos" => "Grande Villoria" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Zamora, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Grado de adherencia y conocimiento previo a la conciliación terapéutica en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of medications concerns to patients and healthcare professionals, and there may be errors with significant clinical repercussions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> There are factors that contributes to these errors: pluripathology, polymedication, healthcare system fragmentation (with multiple prescribing physicians and absence of a single health record), as well as a lack of knowledge of the treatment by the patient and/or the family or caregivers. Several processes have been proposed to decrease these medication errors, including medication reconciliation (creating a precise list of medication that compiles all the drugs that the patient is taking), treatment review (evaluating the list for suitability, effectiveness, safety and convenience in conjunction with the patient's state of health) and personalised therapeutic management (confirming adherence, knowledge of drugs and list of medication “in the wallet”). Conciliation of the treatment should be done by a multidisciplinary group (physicians, nurses and pharmacists), in all patients, including all medications, covering all healthcare processes (in-hospital and as outpatient). Since this is a costly process, priority has been given to patients with chronic disease, polymedicated and with multiple pathologies, generally in healthcare transition and for groups of drugs more commonly involved in adverse reactions (with preference given to drugs that should be reconciled within 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission, drugs that should be reconciled within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission, drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, drugs with multiple interactions and drugs wit high-risk).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Given that patients in dialysis are at a high risk, we conducted a study to determine which drugs were prescribed on our unit, as well as medication adherence and knowledge on the part of the patients and/or caregivers as a starting point for reconciliation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a prospective, observational study on a cohort of patients in peritoneal dialysis from February to May 2015. The following variables were collected: age, sex, time in dialysis, comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and hypertension), number of drugs, number of pills per day, type of medication (drugs that required reconciliation within 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of hospital admission, drugs that required reconciliation within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of hospital admission, drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, drugs with multiple interactions and high-risk drugs) and number of prescribing physicians. Adherence was calculated using the Morisky-Green questionnaire,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and knowledge was calculated using the knowledge and abilities assessment scale (adaptation of 2 scales, DRUGS and MedTake).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> version 15.0 software programme.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 17 patients enrolled, including 4 women (23.8%), had a mean age of 65.29 years (47–86), a mean time in dialysis of 38.7 months (3–93) and the following comorbidity: diabetes mellitus, 23.5%; cardiovascular disease, 23.5%; and hypertension, 100%. The number of prescribing physicians in the last 24 months was 8 (6–11). Medication-related data: number of drugs, 12.59 (9–17); number of pills, 13.59 (8–27); drugs that required reconciliation within 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission, 13 (76.5%); drugs that required reconciliation within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission, 17 (100%), drugs with multiple interactions, 16 (94.2%); drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, 3 (17.6%); high-risk drugs, 17 (100%). Five patients (29.4%) required help with completion of forms. Adherence was 76.6%, and overall lack knowledge about the therapeutic indication was 52.94%. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows knowledge according to therapeutic group.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our patients had a high risk of having problems related to medication: multiple drugs, large number of pills per day and high number of prescribing physicians. The majority of patients received drugs that required reconciliation within 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission with multiple interactions or high-risk medicines. They showed a good level of adherence (76.6%), with a broad knowledge of cardiological medication (antiplatelet agents, antiarrhythmic agents and anticoagulants), antihypertensive agents, gastroprotective agents, antidiabetic agents and analgesics, and poor knowledge of treatments related to complications of kidney disease and dialysis (phophate binding and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents [ESAs]).</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">C. Everett Koop, stated: “Drugs don’t work in patients who don’t take them”. Therefore, it is advisable to generate a list showing all the medicines that the patient is taking and how he or she takes them and ensure that he or she is receiving medication in appropriate, effective and safe manner for his or her clinical situation, taking into account the indication for each drug and the convenience of taking it (the patients enrolled in our study had poor knowledge of drugs, especially drugs related to their kidney disease). The dialysis centre should be the “centre for health” and information on medication, given that no physician knows the patient better than the dialysis team. Errors should be detected at regular intervals (3–4 months) or in each transition (visit to other specialists, change in medication or hospital admission), the patient should receive a printed copy of the reconciled medication list and, until there is a comprehensive electronic system, the patient should be advised to carry in his or her wallet the reconciled medication list so that it is always available, for any healthcare personnel in any health field.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: González López A, Nava Rebollo Á, Andrés Martín B, Herrera Gómez F, Santana Zapatero H, Diego Martín J, et al. Grado de adherencia y conocimiento previo a la conciliación terapéutica en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Nefrología. 2016;36:459–460.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Drug \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage of patients treated \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage of knowledge of indication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antidiabetic agents \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiological treatment</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antiplatelet agents \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Analgesics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sintrom<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Omeprazole \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antihypertensive agents \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Furosemide \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ESAs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">82.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Statins \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin D \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Phosphorus chelators \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">88.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1269813.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Knowledge according to therapeutic group (knowledge and abilities assessment scale adapted from DRUGS and MedTake).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Conciliación de la medicación" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "O. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2024 October | 53 | 34 | 87 |
| 2024 September | 45 | 23 | 68 |
| 2024 August | 41 | 49 | 90 |
| 2024 July | 35 | 39 | 74 |
| 2024 June | 52 | 37 | 89 |
| 2024 May | 57 | 43 | 100 |
| 2024 April | 52 | 40 | 92 |
| 2024 March | 30 | 188 | 218 |
| 2024 February | 33 | 44 | 77 |
| 2024 January | 27 | 36 | 63 |
| 2023 December | 21 | 28 | 49 |
| 2023 November | 40 | 37 | 77 |
| 2023 October | 73 | 38 | 111 |
| 2023 September | 76 | 31 | 107 |
| 2023 August | 67 | 35 | 102 |
| 2023 July | 40 | 33 | 73 |
| 2023 June | 58 | 26 | 84 |
| 2023 May | 63 | 43 | 106 |
| 2023 April | 50 | 20 | 70 |
| 2023 March | 69 | 26 | 95 |
| 2023 February | 54 | 33 | 87 |
| 2023 January | 37 | 26 | 63 |
| 2022 December | 53 | 45 | 98 |
| 2022 November | 40 | 25 | 65 |
| 2022 October | 47 | 45 | 92 |
| 2022 September | 33 | 26 | 59 |
| 2022 August | 38 | 42 | 80 |
| 2022 July | 34 | 42 | 76 |
| 2022 June | 34 | 28 | 62 |
| 2022 May | 63 | 35 | 98 |
| 2022 April | 35 | 43 | 78 |
| 2022 March | 46 | 29 | 75 |
| 2022 February | 45 | 45 | 90 |
| 2022 January | 37 | 42 | 79 |
| 2021 December | 48 | 43 | 91 |
| 2021 November | 35 | 44 | 79 |
| 2021 October | 31 | 42 | 73 |
| 2021 September | 37 | 44 | 81 |
| 2021 August | 30 | 44 | 74 |
| 2021 July | 36 | 42 | 78 |
| 2021 June | 41 | 29 | 70 |
| 2021 May | 57 | 41 | 98 |
| 2021 April | 75 | 65 | 140 |
| 2021 March | 69 | 33 | 102 |
| 2021 February | 51 | 23 | 74 |
| 2021 January | 53 | 20 | 73 |
| 2020 December | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2020 November | 33 | 24 | 57 |
| 2020 October | 27 | 14 | 41 |
| 2020 September | 43 | 16 | 59 |
| 2020 August | 55 | 16 | 71 |
| 2020 July | 35 | 15 | 50 |
| 2020 June | 28 | 21 | 49 |
| 2020 May | 51 | 16 | 67 |
| 2020 April | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2020 March | 37 | 13 | 50 |
| 2020 February | 36 | 22 | 58 |
| 2020 January | 45 | 27 | 72 |
| 2019 December | 49 | 33 | 82 |
| 2019 November | 47 | 21 | 68 |
| 2019 October | 38 | 25 | 63 |
| 2019 September | 37 | 13 | 50 |
| 2019 August | 32 | 20 | 52 |
| 2019 July | 41 | 22 | 63 |
| 2019 June | 36 | 19 | 55 |
| 2019 May | 37 | 18 | 55 |
| 2019 April | 50 | 28 | 78 |
| 2019 March | 45 | 29 | 74 |
| 2019 February | 39 | 24 | 63 |
| 2019 January | 30 | 23 | 53 |
| 2018 December | 91 | 57 | 148 |
| 2018 November | 160 | 19 | 179 |
| 2018 October | 142 | 26 | 168 |
| 2018 September | 78 | 8 | 86 |
| 2018 August | 51 | 22 | 73 |
| 2018 July | 60 | 11 | 71 |
| 2018 June | 54 | 25 | 79 |
| 2018 May | 84 | 17 | 101 |
| 2018 April | 68 | 7 | 75 |
| 2018 March | 79 | 7 | 86 |
| 2018 February | 97 | 8 | 105 |
| 2018 January | 119 | 6 | 125 |
| 2017 December | 98 | 12 | 110 |
| 2017 November | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2017 October | 32 | 7 | 39 |
| 2017 September | 49 | 17 | 66 |
| 2017 August | 42 | 8 | 50 |
| 2017 July | 39 | 11 | 50 |
| 2017 June | 52 | 8 | 60 |
| 2017 May | 65 | 8 | 73 |
| 2017 April | 65 | 8 | 73 |
| 2017 March | 41 | 7 | 48 |
| 2017 February | 37 | 6 | 43 |
| 2017 January | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2016 December | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2016 November | 44 | 4 | 48 |
| 2016 October | 54 | 8 | 62 |
| 2016 September | 11 | 3 | 14 |
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