Journal Information
Vol. 31. Issue. 1.January 2011
Pages 1-128
Vol. 31. Issue. 1.January 2011
Pages 1-128
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Calidad de vida en la enfermedad renal crónica
Quality of life in chronic kidney disease
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, M.. Fructuosob, R.. Castrob, L.. Oliveirab, C.. Pratab, T.. Morgadob
b Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro EPE, Vila Real, Portugal,
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Antecedentes: La evaluación de la calidad de vida (CV) relacionada con la salud en la enfermedad renal crónica pretende cuantificar sus consecuencias en función de la percepción subjetiva del paciente. Objetivo: Evaluar la CV relacionada con la salud en cuatro grupos de pacientes controlados en nuestro Servicio de Nefrología: pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (ERC) en fases 1 - 4, trasplante renal (TR), hemodiálisis (HD) y diálisis peritoneal (DP). Pacientes y métodos: De forma aleatoria se incluyeron 30 pacientes con ERC en fases 1 – 4 y 30 trasplantados renales. También se incluyeron todos aquellos pacientes de nuestras Unidades de Hemodiálisis y Diálisis Peritoneal que eran capaces de responder los cuestionarios (37 y 14, respectivamente). Los cuestionarios que se utilizaron fueron el SF-36 y el KDQOL-SF 1.3. Resultados: Los cuatro grupos obtuvieron mejores resultados en la dimensión "Función social" (77,68 ± 18,46 en DP; 74,17 ± 29,53 en TR; 66,81 ± 31,39 en ERC 1-4; 62,16 ± 32,84 en HD; p = 0,192). Las puntuaciones más bajas se obtuvieron en la dimensión "Salud general" (39,92 ± 19,12 en IRC; 45,95 ± 21,56 en HD; 47,13 ± 23,15 en TR; 51,79 ± 18,89 en DP; p = 0,321). Los pacientes con diálisis peritoneal presentaron los mejores resultados en cuanto a la Salud Física, sin que la diferencia se mantuviese tras la corrección de los factores de confusión. La edad, el sexo y la concentración de hemoglobina fueron las variables que se asociaron con la CV. Sin embargo, los pacientes con DP obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones que los pacientes con HD en las siguientes dimensiones del KDQOL-SF: "Efectos de la enfermedad renal", "Carga de la enfermedad renal" y "Satisfacción del paciente" (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La CV relacionada con la salud medida mediante dimensiones específicas de la enfermedad renal crónica fue mejor en pacientes con diálisis peritoneal que en pacientes con hemodiálisis. La edad, el sexo y la concentración de hemoglobina afectan la CV relacionada con la salud.

Palabras clave:
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud
Palabras clave:
Enfermedad renal

Background: The evaluation of health-related quality of life (QOL) in chronic kidney disease intends to quantify its consequences, according to the patient’s subjective perception. Aim: To evaluate the health-related QOL in four groups of patients followed at our Nephrology Department: chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-4, kidney transplant (KT), haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with CKD stages 1-4 and 30 KT patients were randomly selected. All patients from our Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Units with capacity to answer the inquiry (37 and 14, respectively) were also selected. The instruments applied were the SF-36 and KDQOL-SF 1.3. Results: The four groups presented better results in the «Social Functioning» scale (77.68 ± 18.46 in PD; 74.17 ± 29.53 in KT; 66.81 ± 31.39 in CKD 1-4; 62.16 ± 32.84 in HD; p = 0.192). The lowest results appeared in the «General Health» scale (39.92 ± 19.12 in CKD; 45.95 ± 21.56 in HD; 47.13 ± 23.15 in KT; 51.79 ± 18.89 in PD; p = 0.321). Peritoneal dialysis patients achieved the best results in the Physical Health Component, but this difference disappeared after adjustment to confounding factors. Age, gender and haemoglobin level were the variables related with QOL. However, PD patients obtained better scores comparing to HD patients in the following KDQOL-SF scales: «Effects of kidney disease», «Burden of kidney disease» and «Patient satisfaction» (p <0.05). Conclusions: Health-related QOL was better in peritoneal dialysis patients comparing to haemodialysis patients in specific scales of chronic kidney disease. Age, gender and haemoglobin level interfered with health-related QOL.

Keywords:
Health-related quality of life
Keywords:
Kidney disease
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Nefrología (English Edition)
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