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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Dear Editor&#44;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Pregnancy is a rare event in patients with cirrhosis<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>&#160;and women with hepatitis have an increased risk of complications during pregnancy&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span> There are few reports on this topic&#46; The cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with HCV infection is a severe systemic disease involving the kidneys&#59; it develops due to deposits of cryoglobulins&#46; The course is often fatal or leads to end-stage renal disease&#46; The disease tends to relapse&#46; Women with this disorder rarely become pregnant and conclude successfully the pregnancy&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Our experience&#58; a 30-year-old woman suffering from HCV-cirrhosis was admitted for severe peripheral edema with proteinuria 7g&#47;day and albumin 2&#46;3g&#47;dL&#46; The glomerular filtration rate was in the normal range&#46; Renal biopsy showed a membranous-proliferative glomerulonephritis&#46;<br></br>The patient received 1 cycle of 12 plasmapheresis associated with Mycophenolate Mofetil &#40;MM&#41; 2g&#47;day and prednisone 12&#46;5mg&#47;day therapy&#46; After 1 month&#44; we observed a partial remission of proteinuria &#40;3g&#47;day&#41;&#46; The MM therapy was continued&#46; After 2 years&#44; the patient reported amenorrhea lasting for 3 months&#46; The beta-HCG test and U&#46;S&#46; scan confirmed the pregnancy&#46; The MM was interrupted whereas prednisone therapy was maintained at 5mg&#47;day&#46; During pregnancy&#44; proteinuria was always less than 2g&#47;day and renal function was regular&#46; The pregnancy continued without major problems&#46; A cesarean section was performed at the thirty-sixth week of pregnancy&#46; Laboratory tests showed&#58; white blood cells&#58; 3&#46;170&#47;mmc&#44; Hb&#58; 8&#46;2g&#47;dL&#46; PLT&#58; 46&#46;000&#47;mmc&#44; AST&#58; 60IU&#47;L&#44; ALT 33IU&#47;L&#44; gammaGT&#58; 14IU&#47;L&#44; total bilirubine&#58; 1&#46;84mg&#47;dL&#44; total protein&#58; 4&#46;1g&#47;dL&#44; albumin&#58; 2&#46;16g&#47;dL&#46; The fetus was healthy and growth corresponded to the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy&#46; Anti-HCV antibodies detection was negative and the child follow-up did not show any significant diseases after 3 years from birth&#46; The patient resumed MM and prednisone therapy&#46; One year after the child&#39;s birth&#44; the patient showed good health with proteinuria 1g&#47;day&#59; she continued MM 2g&#47;day and prednisone 5mg&#47;day&#46; After 18 months postpartum&#44; proteinuria increased to 4g&#47;day&#46; We carried out again a cycle of six plasmapheresis&#44; achieving a reduction of proteinuria &#40;&#60;1g&#47;day&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; we carried out the maintenance of MM and prednisone therapy at the same dose&#46; Although pregnancy in patient with cirrhosis remains rare&#44; recent improvements in the treatment of cirrhosis led to an increase in life expectancy and quality of life&#44; making pregnancy a most frequent event&#46; Outcomes of pregnancy in patients with cirrhosis are poorly described&#46; Regarding neonatal well-being&#44; there is no association between vertical transmission of HCV and gestational age at delivery or the presence of chorioamnionitis&#46; There is no evidence demonstrating an increased risk of HCV transmission in HIV-negative women who breast feed&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#160;There are some reports regarding a worsening of HCV-liver disease after pregnancy&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span>&#160;Regarding immunological pathology&#44; the prognosis associated with many forms of systemic vasculitides was quite grim&#46; Advances in this field have allowed us to focus on issues related to quality of life such as fertility&#44; conception&#44; and pregnancy among women with vasculitis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>&#160;This case report shows the possibility of a favourable outcome&#44; if the pregnancy occurs during a clinical stabilization phase of cirrhosis and vasculitis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflict of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the contents of this article&#46;</p>"
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Pregnancy in patient with cirrhosis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
Pregnancy in patient with cirrhosis and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
Gioacchino Li Cavolia, Carlo Giammarresia, Calogera Tortoricia, Luisa Bonoa, Angelo Ferrantellia, Ugo Rotoloa
a Division of Nephrology, Civic and Di Cristina Hospital, Palermo, Italy,
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