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        "titulo" => "Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk: results of the KORAL-CARDIO study"
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      "titulo" => "CISTATINA C COMO ESTIMADOR DE LA FUNCIÓN RENAL EN ESTADIOS AVANZADOS DE ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA"
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    "titulo" => "Albuminuria y riesgo cardiovascular. Estudio Koral-Cardio"
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        "resumen" => "Introducción y objetivos: La presencia de albuminuria identifica a un grupo de hipertensos con mayor riesgo cardiovascular y renal y obliga a controlar mejor la presión arterial con fármacos que bloqueen el sistema renina-angiotensina. El objetivo del estudio KORAL-CARDIO fue determinar las características clínicas y de manejo de pacientes con hipertensión, albuminuria y cardiopatía no tratados previamente con inhibidores angiotensínicos. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyen prospectivamente 2.711 pacientes (44% mujeres) de 64 años de media con hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica o hipertensiva o fibrilación auricular con positividad en la detección cualitativa de albuminuria. El 42% tenían además diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. Resultados: El 7,2% de los no diabéticos y el 12,7% de los diabéticos tenían macroalbuminuria&#59; el 25% y el 35% respectivamente tenían índice de masa corporal de más de 30 kg/m2. Las complicaciones asociadas fueron: cardiopatía isquémica (22 y 39%), ictus (4 y 8%), fibrilación auricular (19 y 22%), hipercolesterolemia (42 y 53%), hipertensión de grado 3 (8% en ambos casos). Recibían tratamiento antihipertensivo monofármaco el 66% de los no diabéticos y el 63% de los diabéticos, y sólo el 7% triple terapia&#59; otros tratamientos fueron: hipolipemiantes (41 y 57%) y antiagregantes (37 y 58% respectivamente). Conclusiones: Las complicaciones asociadas a la albuminuria en hipertensos con cardiopatías, diabéticos y no diabéticos, no tratados con inhibidores angiotensínicos son muy frecuentes. El grado de control tensional fue escaso en este grupo."
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        "resumen" => "Background and objectives: Albuminuria is a marker of higher cardiovascular and renal risk in hypertension&#59; it also indicates the need of a tighter control of blood pressure with drugs blocking the renin-angiotensin system. The objective of the KORAL-CARDIO study was to assess the clinical picture and management of patients with hypertension and cardiac disease and albuminuria not previously treated with angiotensin inhibitors. Methods: A total of 2,711 hypertensive patients (44% female) with ischemic or hypertensive cardiopathy or atrial fibrillation and with a positive screening test for albuminuria was included. Type 2 diabetes was also present in 42%. Results: Macroalbuminuria was present in 7.2% of non diabetic and 12.7% of diabetic patients, respectively. Associated complications were: 25% and 35% body mass index over 30 kg/m2&#59; 22% and 39% ischemic heart disease&#59; 4% and 8% stroke&#59; 19% and 22% atrial fibrillation&#59; 42% and 53% high cholesterol levels&#59; 8% and 8% grade 3 hypertension, for non-diabetics and diabetics respectively. Antihypertensive monotherapy was used in 66% of non-diabetics and in 63% of diabetics&#59; only 7% of patients in both groups were treated with triple antihypertensive therapy. Conclusions: Cardiovascular complications are very frequently associated to albuminuria in patients with hypertension and heart disease not previously treated with angiotensin inhibitors. Blood pressure control was clearly inadequate in this group."
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