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anti-E&#44; anti-Kell&#44; anti-Jk and anti-Fy&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We report two cases of live donor RT with low ABO incompatibility who developed PLS&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">CASE 1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A 23-year-old male with stage V chronic kidney disease &#40;CKD-V&#41; due to polycystic kidney disease&#46; He received a live donor RT on 6 June 2011&#44; with the donor being group O&#43; and the recipient being group A&#43;&#44; without initial complications and with functional graft at discharge &#40;plasma creatinine &#91;Pcr&#93; 1&#46;1mg&#47;dl&#41; and haemoglobin 10g&#47;dl&#46; Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of tacrolimus&#44; mycophenolate&#44; and steroids&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fourteen days after transplantation&#44; laboratory tests were performed and we observed haemoglobin of 5&#46;8 g&#47;dl with stable renal function &#40;Pcr 1&#46;2mg&#47;dl&#41; and the remaining complementary tests &#40;including CT and abdominal ultrasound&#41; were within the normal range&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The anaemia work-up showed haemolytic anaemia &#40;low haptoglobin and high reticulocytes and direct bilirubin&#41; with positive direct Coombs test and appearance of anti-A antibodies in the patient&#39;s red blood cell preparation&#44; compatible with alloimmune haemolytic anaemia &#40;PLS&#41;&#46; The patient was treated with transfusion of 4 packed red blood cell units and methylprednisolone &#40;1mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#41; with subsequent gradually decreasing amounts&#46; Tests at discharge&#58; Pcr 0&#46;7mg&#47;dl and haemoglobin 9&#46;6g&#47;dl&#46; In the following weeks&#44; there was complete resolution and no recurrence&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">CASE 2</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A 42-year-old male with CKD-V due to diabetic nephropathy&#46; He received a live donor RT on 10 September 2012&#46; The donor was blood group O&#43; and the recipient was A&#43;&#46; The initial immunosuppression included tacrolimus&#44; mycophenolate and steroids&#46; After the RT progression was very good&#46; At discharge he had haemoglobin of 11&#46;4g&#47;dl and Pcr of 1&#46;4mg&#47;dl&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Fourteen days later&#44; he sought consultation due to general malaise and severe haemolytic anaemia was detected &#40;haemoglobin 4&#46;3g&#47;dl&#41;&#46; Complementary tests ruled out active bleeding&#46; The blood smear did not show schistocytes and the direct Coombs test was positive with presence of anti-A antibodies&#46; He was diagnosed with alloimmune haemolytic anaemia &#40;PLS&#41;&#46; He was treated with transfusion of 12 packed red blood cell units and high-dose steroids &#40;methylprednisolone 1mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#41; with a progressive decrease in dosage&#46; The blood abnormalities cleared within ten days and there was haemoglobin stability&#44; without further transfusions being required&#46; 31 days after transplantation&#44; he was diagnosed with II-B acute rejection with negative donor-specific antibodies&#44; and treatment with thymoglobulin was required&#46; Renal function subsequently stabilised&#44; with Pcr of 3&#46;2mg&#47;dl&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">PLS must be suspected for sudden anaemic symptoms in the first-second week after transplantation&#44; in SOT with low ABO incompatibility or different Rh&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-5</span> Its duration is limited in time &#40;about 3 months&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span> Blood transfusion of the donor group and steroid administration are recommended&#46; In severe cases&#44; rituximab and&#47;or plasmapheresis have been used&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-5</span> Immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate is recommended for its effect on B cells&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span> Prevention measures&#44; such as careful graft perfusion and removal of lymph nodes from perirenal fat<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span> are particularly important&#46; In our cases&#44; the two grafts came from living donors&#46; It is possible that the lower cold ischaemia time and higher speed in the implantation process also favoured the development of PLS&#44; due to the greater number and viability of the donor&#8217;s lymphocytes&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflicts of interest</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the contents of this article&#46;</p>"
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