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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Dear Editor&#58;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">One of the most important complications of diabetes is retinopathy&#46; Intravenous fluorescein angiography has been widely used for evaluation of diabetic retinopathy&#46; Although numerous reports have been published about the iodinated contrast media induced nephropathy<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3</span>&#44; there is a few researches about renal injury secondary to fluorescein &#40;as a noniodinated contrast media&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#46; In this investigation&#44; we have been tried to evaluate effect of fluorescein sodium on the renal function among diabetic patients who have more susceptible to the renal injury compared with general population<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This study was conducted on diabetic patients undergoing fluorescein angiography to assess retinopathy at the Department of Ophthalmology&#44; Imam Khomeini Hospital&#44; Ahvaz&#44; Iran in 2006&#46; Exclusion criteria were pregnancy&#44; lactation&#44; having received contrast media within 7 days of study entry&#44; acute renal failure&#44; endstage renal disease requiring dialysis&#44; history of hypersensitivity reaction to contrast media&#44; parenteral use of diuretics&#44; and use or start of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or angitansine receptor binding&#44; or angiotansine converting enzyme inhibitor within 48 h of the procedure&#46; The protocol was approved by the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences&#46; All patients provided informed&#44; written consent&#46; Upon fluorescein angiography&#44; 500 mg sodium fluorescein solution was injected into the antecubital vein over 5 seconds&#46; Serum creatinine &#40;SCr&#41; was measured before and on days 2 and 3 after the angiography&#46; Renal injury was defined as a relative increase in SCr from the baseline of &#8805;25&#37; or an absolute increase of &#8805;0&#46;5 mg&#47;dl during days 2 and 3&#46; Data was analyzed by SPSS software&#44; version 13&#46; All data are presented as percentages or as mean &#177; standard deviation&#46; The paired Student&#8217;s t test was used to compare SCr between various groups&#59; and all p values &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A total of 44 diabetic patients &#40;22 male and 22 female&#41; met the inclusion criteria and were studied&#59; mean age of participants was 53&#46;1 &#177; 9&#46;2 years&#59; range 30-72 years &#40;male&#44; 51&#46;8 &#177; 9&#46;5 and female&#44; 54&#46;3 &#177; 9&#46;0&#59; p &#61; 0&#46;38&#41;&#46; Mean of SCr before fluorescein angiography was 1&#46;09 &#177; 0&#46;07 mg&#47;dl &#40;male&#44; 1&#46;13 &#177; 0&#46;56 and female&#44; 1&#46;05 &#177; 0&#46;40&#59; p &#61; 0&#46;60&#41;&#44; and after angiography was 1&#46;16 &#177; 0&#46;08 mg&#47;dl &#40;male&#44; 1&#46;23 &#177; 0&#46;62 and female&#44; 1&#46;11 &#177; 0&#46;50&#59; p &#61; 0&#46;49&#41;&#46; Nine patients &#40;20&#46;5&#37;&#41; had an increase in SCr from baseline within 72 hours of fluorescein administration &#40;7 male and 2 female&#41;&#46; In the present study&#44; we did not observe any significant adverse effects after fluorescein usage&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Although&#44; Kameda and colleagues use the estimated glomerular filtration rate to show renal injury secondary to fluorescein sodium and did not find any hardly effects on renal function<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#44; but current study demonstrated that fluorescein could cause to renal injury in diabetic patients following angiography&#46; Because lack of enough data&#44; prospective studies will be required to determine whether fluorescein angiography is associated with higher incidence of adverse effects on renal function especially in diabetic patients&#46;</p>"
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Effect of fluorescein on renal function among diabetic patients
M.J.. Alemzadeh-Ansaria, S.S.. Beladi-Mousavib, M.. Feghheic
a Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran,
b Department of Nephrology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran,
c Department of Ophtalmology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran,
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