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manidipine and some case of nifedipine has been described in the literature&#46; In 1993&#44; the presence of cloudy PF secondary to the administration of manidipine was described in 5 of the 8 patients undergoing PD within the first 24 hours after starting treatment &#40;10-20mg&#47;day&#41;&#46; It was difficult to distinguish whether the cloudy PF was caused by the drugs or an infection&#44; but it was noted that the patients did not present with any usual clinical signs &#40;nausea&#44; vomiting&#44; fever or abdominal pain&#41;&#44; leukocytes &#60;10 cells&#47;&#181;l and negative culture for fungal infections&#44; aerobic and anaerobic bacteria&#46; Triglyceride figures were between 120mg&#47;dl and 320mg&#47;dl&#46; In no case were the serum triglyceride levels modified before or after manidipine was taken&#44; but the triglyceride figures did normalise in PF once the drug was withdrawn&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">After that&#44; a retrospective study with 251 patients in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis &#40;CAPD&#41; treated with CA observed cloudy PF in 19 cases&#46; Four patients that received CA had cloudy PF&#58; with benidipine &#40;two of two patients &#91;100&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; with manidipine &#40;15 of 36 &#91;42&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; with nisoldipine &#40;1 of 11 &#91;9&#37;&#93;&#41; and nifedipine &#40;1 of 59 &#91;0&#46;6&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; None of the patients that took nicardipine &#40;25&#41;&#44; nilvadipine &#40;7&#41;&#44; nitrendipine &#40;2&#41;&#44; barnidipine &#40;1&#41; or diltiazem &#40;8&#41; presented with cloudy fluid&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An expert group from Taiwan described the presence of chyloperitoneum in 14 of 222 patients&#44; associated with lercanidipine&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We present the case of a 44-year-old female with chronic kidney failure &#40;CKF&#41; secondary to type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis&#44; on the CAPD programme since June 2010&#44; without any previous bacterial peritonitis episodes&#46; She was treated with furosemide 160mg&#47;day&#44; olmesartan 40mg&#47;day&#44; ramipril 10mg&#47;day&#44; nifedipine OROS 60mg&#47;day&#44; bisoprolol 10mg&#47;day&#44; doxazosin 16mg&#47;day&#44; calcium carbonate 3g&#47;day&#44; lanthanum carbonate 1500mg&#47;day&#44; rosuvastatin 5mg&#47;day&#44; acetylsalicylic acid &#40;ASA&#41; 100mg&#44; Nepro<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and aranesp 60&#181;g&#47;fortnightly&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">She came for a consultation because she had cloudy PF but she did not present with fever or abdominal pain&#46; Two days before&#44; her treatment for high blood pressure had been modified&#44; changing from nifedipine to manidipine&#44; in an attempt to improve her chronic peripheral oedemas&#46; Bacterial peritonitis was dismissed and she was given an appointment 48 hours later for a smear check&#46; She had milk-like cloudy PF with the presence of 4 leukocytes&#47;&#181;l and triglycerides &#40;119mg&#47;dl&#41;&#46; The cholesterol levels in the plasma and the triglycerides were normal &#40;180mg&#47;dl and 76mg&#47;dl&#44; 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Clinical case: peritoneal dialysis patient with cloudy peritoneal fluid following administration of calcium antagonists
Caso clínico: paciente en diálisis peritoneal con líquido peritoneal turbio tras la toma de antagonistas del calcio
M.C.. Viñolo Lópeza, P.C.. Gutiérrez Rivasa, A.. Liébana Cañadaa, J.M.. Gil Cunqueroa, E.. Merino Garcíaa
a Área de Nefrología, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén,
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">To the Editor&#44; </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Cloudy peritoneal fluid &#40;PF&#41; from peritoneal dialysis &#40;PD&#41; may be due to increases in the cellular and non-cellular constituents of the peritoneal fluid&#46; Polymorphonuclear leukocytes may increase by intraperitoneal or juxtaperitoneal inflammation or even in the context of the chemical peritonitis induced by drugs&#46; The increase in eosinophils points at a response to peritoneal air or an allergic reaction to one of the dialysis system&#8217;s components&#46; The presence of red cells can be due to many causes&#46; Monocytes or malignant cells are very rare&#46; Non-cellular causes with negative cultures are limited to fibrin or high triglycerides&#58; lymphatic obstruction&#44; pancreatitis&#44; catheter traumatism&#44; calcium antagonists &#40;CA&#41;&#44; dihydropyridine or superior vena cava syndrome&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The presence of chyloperitoneum with lercanidipine&#44; manidipine and some case of nifedipine has been described in the literature&#46; In 1993&#44; the presence of cloudy PF secondary to the administration of manidipine was described in 5 of the 8 patients undergoing PD within the first 24 hours after starting treatment &#40;10-20mg&#47;day&#41;&#46; It was difficult to distinguish whether the cloudy PF was caused by the drugs or an infection&#44; but it was noted that the patients did not present with any usual clinical signs &#40;nausea&#44; vomiting&#44; fever or abdominal pain&#41;&#44; leukocytes &#60;10 cells&#47;&#181;l and negative culture for fungal infections&#44; aerobic and anaerobic bacteria&#46; Triglyceride figures were between 120mg&#47;dl and 320mg&#47;dl&#46; In no case were the serum triglyceride levels modified before or after manidipine was taken&#44; but the triglyceride figures did normalise in PF once the drug was withdrawn&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">After that&#44; a retrospective study with 251 patients in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis &#40;CAPD&#41; treated with CA observed cloudy PF in 19 cases&#46; Four patients that received CA had cloudy PF&#58; with benidipine &#40;two of two patients &#91;100&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; with manidipine &#40;15 of 36 &#91;42&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; with nisoldipine &#40;1 of 11 &#91;9&#37;&#93;&#41; and nifedipine &#40;1 of 59 &#91;0&#46;6&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; None of the patients that took nicardipine &#40;25&#41;&#44; nilvadipine &#40;7&#41;&#44; nitrendipine &#40;2&#41;&#44; barnidipine &#40;1&#41; or diltiazem &#40;8&#41; presented with cloudy fluid&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An expert group from Taiwan described the presence of chyloperitoneum in 14 of 222 patients&#44; associated with lercanidipine&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We present the case of a 44-year-old female with chronic kidney failure &#40;CKF&#41; secondary to type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis&#44; on the CAPD programme since June 2010&#44; without any previous bacterial peritonitis episodes&#46; She was treated with furosemide 160mg&#47;day&#44; olmesartan 40mg&#47;day&#44; ramipril 10mg&#47;day&#44; nifedipine OROS 60mg&#47;day&#44; bisoprolol 10mg&#47;day&#44; doxazosin 16mg&#47;day&#44; calcium carbonate 3g&#47;day&#44; lanthanum carbonate 1500mg&#47;day&#44; rosuvastatin 5mg&#47;day&#44; acetylsalicylic acid &#40;ASA&#41; 100mg&#44; Nepro<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and aranesp 60&#181;g&#47;fortnightly&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">She came for a consultation because she had cloudy PF but she did not present with fever or abdominal pain&#46; Two days before&#44; her treatment for high blood pressure had been modified&#44; changing from nifedipine to manidipine&#44; in an attempt to improve her chronic peripheral oedemas&#46; Bacterial peritonitis was dismissed and she was given an appointment 48 hours later for a smear check&#46; She had milk-like cloudy PF with the presence of 4 leukocytes&#47;&#181;l and triglycerides &#40;119mg&#47;dl&#41;&#46; The cholesterol levels in the plasma and the triglycerides were normal &#40;180mg&#47;dl and 76mg&#47;dl&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; Given that chyloperitoneum secondary to taking manidipine was suspected&#44; this drug was suspended and a new test was taken 24 hours later&#46; The PF was clear and free of triglycerides&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Given that the patient&#8217;s high blood pressure continued to be severe&#44; aliskiren at a dosage of 300mg&#47;day and nifedipine OROS was reintroduced at a dose of 30mg&#47;day&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Therefore&#44; we can conclude that the milk-like PF in our patient was related to introducing manidipine&#44; given that following its withdrawal the appearance and PF triglycerides levels normalised&#46; However&#44; she had been previously treated with nifedipine and did not present with these changes&#44; which also coincides with the results obtained in previously cited studies&#46;</p>"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Yoshimoto K, Saima S, Nakamura Y. Dihydropyridine type calcium channel blocker-induced turbid dialysate in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol 1998;50(2):90-3. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9725779" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
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Article information
ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
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