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On initial clinical examination the following were found&#58; neurologically&#44; GSC 8 &#40;M4&#44; O2&#44; V2&#41;&#44; nuchal rigidity&#44; no alterations of cranial nerves&#59; on heart auscultation&#58; a mitral squeaking systolic murmur &#40;not found on previous admittances&#41;&#59; on lung auscultation&#58; there was right basal hypoventilation and signs of infection of the AVF in the right upper limb&#46; Based on the patient&#39;s neurological study orotracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation started&#46; On chest X-ray an image of bilateral alveolar condensation was seen &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46; A cranial CT was performed and showed a left occipital hypodense lesion&#44; without ventricular system dilatation&#46; Lumbar puncture was performed and the results were compatible with acute bacterial meningitis&#59; simultaneously blood and bronchoaspirate cultures were performed&#46; Empirical antibiotic treatment was begun&#46; Subsequently&#44; Methicillin sensitive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; areus</span> &#40;MSSA&#41; was isolated from all samples&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">As AVF infection was suspected it was closed &#40;subsequently MSSA was also isolated from this site&#41;&#46; Forty-eight hours after admittance&#44; in view of the patient&#39;s haemodynamic deterioration and suspected endocarditis&#44; a transoesophageal echocardiogram was performed and large vegetations were seen on the septal and posterior flap of the mitral valve with images indicating the presence of a fistulised abscess&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient&#39;s evolution was poor&#59; she suffered septic shock and multi-organ failure and died 9 days after admittance to our unit&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Patients on haemodialysis are at greater risk for bacterial infections than the rest of the population&#44; and vascular catheters are the point of entry of these infections due to their frequent manipulation&#44; added to the uraemia&#8217;s immunosuppression condition&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> The most common germs that may cause bacteraemia in this type of patient are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus&#44; </span>followed by gram negative aerobic bacilli and polymicrobial flora&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span>&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">When an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> infection appears the main point of entry is usually the vascular access&#46; Clinically&#44; and especially in patients on haemodialysis&#44; this can cause meningitis&#44; endocarditis&#44; bacteraemia&#44; osteomyelitis&#44; sepsis&#44; etc&#46; In our case&#44; the patient was diagnosed with meningitis&#44; bacteraemia&#44; endocarditis and pneumonia&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Endocarditis is one of the most severe complications of bacteraemia&#44; due to its high mortality rate &#40;close to 30&#37;&#41;&#46; The mitral valve is the most affected &#40;about 50&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the aortic valve &#40;30&#37;&#41; and&#44; lastly&#44; the right chambers &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;4</span>&#160;In cases of endocarditis with valve obstruction this must be replaced surgically&#44; as soon as the patient&#8217;s condition allows&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Broad spectrum antibiotic treatment must be begun and vascular access must be dismantled&#44; since it is frequently the source of infection&#46; In spite of all this&#44; infection due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus </span>usually has a high rate of morbidity&#47;mortality&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#160;with a mortality of 25-47&#37; according to the series&#44; which increases to 47-65&#37; at one year when the patient is in haemodialysis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span>&#160;Hospital mortality at 60 days&#44; independent of the microorganism responsible&#44; is around 47-52&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10421&#95;108&#95;7805&#95;en&#95;10421&#95;f1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10421_108_7805_en_10421_f1.jpg" alt="Chest X-ray in which it is possible to see an alveolar-bilateral image of condensation"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Chest X-ray in which it is possible to see an alveolar-bilateral image of condensation</p>"
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Infectious Endocarditis, Pneumonia, Bacteraemia and Meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in a Patient with Terminal Renal Disease. A Case Study
Endocarditis infecciosa, neumonía, bacteriemia y meningitis por Staphylococcus aureus en paciente con enfermedad renal terminal: a propósito de un caso
R.. Montoiro Alluéa, S.. Moreno Loshuertosb, M.. Sánchez Martelesc
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza,
b Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Santa Bárbara, Soria,
c Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza,
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On initial clinical examination the following were found&#58; neurologically&#44; GSC 8 &#40;M4&#44; O2&#44; V2&#41;&#44; nuchal rigidity&#44; no alterations of cranial nerves&#59; on heart auscultation&#58; a mitral squeaking systolic murmur &#40;not found on previous admittances&#41;&#59; on lung auscultation&#58; there was right basal hypoventilation and signs of infection of the AVF in the right upper limb&#46; Based on the patient&#39;s neurological study orotracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation started&#46; On chest X-ray an image of bilateral alveolar condensation was seen &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46; A cranial CT was performed and showed a left occipital hypodense lesion&#44; without ventricular system dilatation&#46; Lumbar puncture was performed and the results were compatible with acute bacterial meningitis&#59; simultaneously blood and bronchoaspirate cultures were performed&#46; Empirical antibiotic treatment was begun&#46; Subsequently&#44; Methicillin sensitive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; areus</span> &#40;MSSA&#41; was isolated from all samples&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">As AVF infection was suspected it was closed &#40;subsequently MSSA was also isolated from this site&#41;&#46; Forty-eight hours after admittance&#44; in view of the patient&#39;s haemodynamic deterioration and suspected endocarditis&#44; a transoesophageal echocardiogram was performed and large vegetations were seen on the septal and posterior flap of the mitral valve with images indicating the presence of a fistulised abscess&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient&#39;s evolution was poor&#59; she suffered septic shock and multi-organ failure and died 9 days after admittance to our unit&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Patients on haemodialysis are at greater risk for bacterial infections than the rest of the population&#44; and vascular catheters are the point of entry of these infections due to their frequent manipulation&#44; added to the uraemia&#8217;s immunosuppression condition&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> The most common germs that may cause bacteraemia in this type of patient are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus&#44; </span>followed by gram negative aerobic bacilli and polymicrobial flora&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span>&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">When an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus</span> infection appears the main point of entry is usually the vascular access&#46; Clinically&#44; and especially in patients on haemodialysis&#44; this can cause meningitis&#44; endocarditis&#44; bacteraemia&#44; osteomyelitis&#44; sepsis&#44; etc&#46; In our case&#44; the patient was diagnosed with meningitis&#44; bacteraemia&#44; endocarditis and pneumonia&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Endocarditis is one of the most severe complications of bacteraemia&#44; due to its high mortality rate &#40;close to 30&#37;&#41;&#46; The mitral valve is the most affected &#40;about 50&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the aortic valve &#40;30&#37;&#41; and&#44; lastly&#44; the right chambers &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;4</span>&#160;In cases of endocarditis with valve obstruction this must be replaced surgically&#44; as soon as the patient&#8217;s condition allows&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Broad spectrum antibiotic treatment must be begun and vascular access must be dismantled&#44; since it is frequently the source of infection&#46; In spite of all this&#44; infection due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; aureus </span>usually has a high rate of morbidity&#47;mortality&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#160;with a mortality of 25-47&#37; according to the series&#44; which increases to 47-65&#37; at one year when the patient is in haemodialysis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span>&#160;Hospital mortality at 60 days&#44; independent of the microorganism responsible&#44; is around 47-52&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10421&#95;108&#95;7805&#95;en&#95;10421&#95;f1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10421_108_7805_en_10421_f1.jpg" alt="Chest X-ray in which it is possible to see an alveolar-bilateral image of condensation"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Chest X-ray in which it is possible to see an alveolar-bilateral image of condensation</p>"
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Idiomas
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