array:21 [
  "pii" => "X2013251410036108"
  "issn" => "20132514"
  "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10335"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2010;30:227-31"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5416
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 321
      "HTML" => 4528
      "PDF" => 567
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:17 [
      "pii" => "X0211699510036100"
      "issn" => "02116995"
      "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10335"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
      "documento" => "article"
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2010;30:227-31"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 8005
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 264
          "HTML" => 7140
          "PDF" => 601
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "La determinación del Kt por dialisancia iónica es una herramienta útil para la evaluación de la dosis de diálisis en pacientes críticos"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "227"
            "paginaFinal" => "231"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Measuring Kt by ionic dialysance is a useful tool for assessing dialysis dose in critical patients"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:8 [
            "identificador" => "fig1"
            "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "10335_18030_2275_es_figura1d.jpg"
                "Alto" => 472
                "Ancho" => 550
                "Tamanyo" => 52801
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "Correlación entre el Kt obtenido por dialisancia iónica (KtOCM) y el Kt obtenido por recogida del líquido de diálisis."
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Guillermo Javier Rosa Diez, P. Bevione, M.S. Crucelegui, G. Bratti, W. Bonfanti, F. Varela, S. Algranati, S. Giannasi, E. San Román, R. Heguilen, G. Greloni"
            "autores" => array:11 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Guillermo Javier"
                "apellidos" => "Rosa Diez"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "P."
                "apellidos" => "Bevione"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "M.S."
                "apellidos" => "Crucelegui"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "G."
                "apellidos" => "Bratti"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "W."
                "apellidos" => "Bonfanti"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "F."
                "apellidos" => "Varela"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "S."
                "apellidos" => "Algranati"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "S."
                "apellidos" => "Giannasi"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "E."
                "apellidos" => "San Román"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "R."
                "apellidos" => "Heguilen"
              ]
              10 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "G."
                "apellidos" => "Greloni"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X2013251410036108"
          "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10335"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036108?idApp=UINPBA000064"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699510036100?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      "url" => "/02116995/0000003000000002/v0_201502091329/X0211699510036100/v0_201502091331/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251410036093"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10336"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2010;30:232-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4634
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 295
        "HTML" => 3766
        "PDF" => 573
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Dialysis dose measurements of Kt by ionic dialisance reveals less dialysis adequacy than the Kt/VUREA-based method in critically ill patients with acute renal failure"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "232"
          "paginaFinal" => "235"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "La medida de la dosis de diálisis mediante Kt por dialisancia iónica revela una menor adecuación que la medida por Kt/VUREA en la insificiencia renal aguda de pacientes críticos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10336108_a14_t1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 369
              "Ancho" => 535
              "Tamanyo" => 36883
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Clinical characteristics of the included patients and haemodialysis sessions."
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "N. Serra Cabañas, X. Barros Freiría, J. Garro Martínez, M. Blasco Pelicano, F. Maduell Canals, A. Torras Rabasa, Esteban Poch López de Briñas"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "N."
              "apellidos" => "Serra Cabañas"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "X."
              "apellidos" => "Barros Freiría"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Garro Martínez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Blasco Pelicano"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Maduell Canals"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Torras Rabasa"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Esteban"
              "apellidos" => "Poch López de Briñas"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699510036096"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10336"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699510036096?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036093?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036093/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251410036116"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Jan.10196"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2010;30:220-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4112
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 274
        "HTML" => 3249
        "PDF" => 589
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Bahia 2008 study: hydration barometer in the Spanish population"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "220"
          "paginaFinal" => "226"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Estudio Bahia 2008: barómetro de la hidratación de la población española"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10196108_a12_t1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 333
              "Ancho" => 531
              "Tamanyo" => 29012
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Calculation of Daily Liquid Requirements"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => " Grupo Investigador Bahia, ALM de Francisco, A. Martínez Castelao"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "apellidos" => "Grupo Investigador Bahia"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "ALM"
              "apellidos" => "de Francisco"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Martínez Castelao"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699510036119"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Jan.10196"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699510036119?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036116?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036116/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Measuring Kt by ionic dialysance is a useful tool for assessing dialysis dose in critical patients"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "227"
        "paginaFinal" => "231"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Guillermo Javier Rosa Diez, P. Bevione, M.S. Crucelegui, G. Bratti, W. Bonfanti, F. Varela, S. Algranati, S. Giannasi, E. San Román, R. Heguilen, G. Greloni"
        "autores" => array:11 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Guillermo Javier"
            "apellidos" => "Rosa Diez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "P."
            "apellidos" => "Bevione"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "M.S."
            "apellidos" => "Crucelegui"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "G."
            "apellidos" => "Bratti"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "W."
            "apellidos" => "Bonfanti"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "F."
            "apellidos" => "Varela"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "S."
            "apellidos" => "Algranati"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "S."
            "apellidos" => "Giannasi"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "San Rom&#225;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          9 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "R."
            "apellidos" => "Heguilen"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          10 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "G."
            "apellidos" => "Greloni"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicios de Nefrología y Terapia Intensiva e Instituto Universitario, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,  Argentina, "
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "La determinaci&#243;n del Kt por dialisancia i&#243;nica es una herramienta &#250;til para la evaluaci&#243;n de la dosis de di&#225;lisis en pacientes cr&#237;ticos"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "10335108_a13_t1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 307
            "Ancho" => 1094
            "Tamanyo" => 51317
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">INTRODUCTION&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Optimal doses of renal replacement therapy have not yet&#160;been established for patients with acute renal failure &#40;ARF&#41; admitted to the intensive care unit &#40;ICU&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3 </span>In daily clinical&#160;practice&#44; the final dose is not controlled and we generally&#160;do not reach the prescribed dosage&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5 </span>unlike what happens&#160;with patients with end-stage renal disease&#46; The Kt&#47;V&#160;formula used systematically in patients with chronic kidney&#160;disease &#40;CKD&#41; has limitations when applied to critical&#160;patients&#44; since they have a variable urea distribution&#160;volume which cannot be predicted&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6 </span>Urea reduction ratio&#160;&#40;URR&#41; is easy to calculate&#44; but it is calculated&#160;retrospectively and does not enable us to monitor whether&#160;or not the prescribed dose achieves its target level during&#160;treatment&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7 </span>Calculating the dose of dialysis by directly&#160;measuring dialysate is a more reliable technique than other&#160;methods that can be applied in ARF&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8 </span>A Kt reading can be&#160;taken by measuring urea concentration in dialysate without&#160;using urea distribution volume<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9 </span>but this requires collecting&#160;dialysate&#44; which is a difficult step to carry out in daily&#160;practice&#46; Determining Kt through ionic dialysance provides&#160;a direct measurement of the dialysis dose without using&#160;blood samples or collecting dialysate to determine urea&#160;concentrations&#44; and it has been successfully done in&#160;patients with CKD&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10 </span>Our objective&#44; therefore&#44; was to&#160;evaluate measuring Kt through ionic dialysance in ARF&#160;patients admitted to the ICU and compare the measurement&#160;with Kt obtained by calculating urea clearance from a&#160;collected dialysate sample&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MATERIAL AND METHODS&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This prospective study included adult patients with oliguric&#160;ARF admitted to the ICU and requiring RRT&#44; who were&#160;treated with intermittent haemodialysis and&#47;or extended&#160;haemodialysis&#46; Patient baseline characteristics were&#160;recorded&#44; including severity of the ARF according to the&#160;individual severity index&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#160;</span>The dialysis type and duration were not changed for&#160;purposes of the study&#44; and were carried out according to&#160;the indication of the doctor responsible for the treatment&#46;&#160;Patients received dialysis with Fresenius 4008 S monitors&#160;equipped with OCM biosensors &#40;On-line clearance&#160;monitoring&#44; Fresenius Medical Care AG&#41;&#46; This device&#160;uses two conductivity probes to measure effective ionic&#160;dialysance in a non-invasive way&#46; Filtered water for&#160;haemodialysis was provided by a portable reverse&#160;osmosis system &#40;Apema S&#46;R&#46;L&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;&#46; The dialysis bath&#160;fluxes for intermittent haemodialysis and extended&#160;dialysis were 500 and 300ml&#47;min&#44; respectively&#46; Sterile&#160;powdered bicarbonate was used&#46; All RRT processes used&#160;1&#46;4m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2 </span>helixone membranes&#46; We used the Seldinger&#160;technique to place non-tunnel central venous access 11&#46;5&#160;Fr catheters&#44; measuring 19 or 16cm in length&#44; in the&#160;femoral or internal jugular veins respectively&#46; Where&#160;there was no contraindication&#44; patients were administered&#160;anticoagulation treatment with sodium heparin in a&#160;continuous infusion with a loading dose of 1000 U and a&#160;maintenance dose of 500 U&#47;hour&#46;&#160;In each dialysis session&#44; we took blood samples to&#160;determine plasma urea &#40;PU&#41; and total protein at the&#160;beginning and end of each treatment &#40;using the slow-stop&#160;flow technique&#41; in order to calculate the average urea&#160;concentration in plasma &#40;PUmean&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#160;</span>PUmean &#61; &#40;PUstart-PUend&#41;&#47;ln&#40;PUstart&#47;PUend&#41;&#160;where PUstart and PUend are the urea concentrations in&#160;plasma at the start and end of treatment&#46;&#160;Collecting dialysate was performed using the partial&#160;dialysate collection method&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13 </span>Urea levels &#40;Ud&#41; and volume&#160;&#40;Vd&#41; of the dialysate were measured&#46;&#160;For calculating Kt using the urea clearance index obtained&#160;by sampling dialysate &#40;Kturea&#41;&#44; we used the following&#160;formula&#58;&#160;Kturea &#61; &#40;Vd Ud&#41;&#47;PUmean&#160;where Vd &#61; volume of dialysate&#44; Ud &#61; urea in dialysate and&#160;PUmean &#61; mean urea concentration in plasma&#46;&#160;Kt determination using OCM &#40;KtOCM&#41; was performed&#160;automatically by the monitor at the end of the dialysis&#160;session&#46;&#160;Data used for statistical analysis are expressed as a mean&#160;&#177; standard deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#46; The correlation and&#160;comparison between KtOCM and Kturea was performed&#160;using Spearman&#8217;s rank correlation test and the t-test&#44;&#160;respectively&#46;&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">RESULTS&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The study included 18 patients receiving 35 treatments&#46;&#160;Patients were 69 &#177; 16 years old&#44; and 14 were men&#46; The most&#160;frequent cause of the ARF was septic shock&#44; followed by&#160;postsurgical ARF associated with cardiovascular surgery&#46;&#160;Patient severity according to the ISI score was 0&#46;67 &#177; 0&#46;38&#59;&#160;13 patients required mechanical respiratory assistance and 12&#160;were receiving inotropic drugs at the time of the consultation&#46;&#160;Of the total treatments performed&#44; 24 were intermittent&#160;haemodialysis sessions and 11 were extended haemodialysis&#160;sessions&#46; The extended haemodialysis sessions had an&#160;average duration of 428 &#177; 36 minutes &#40;range&#44; 390-480&#160;minutes&#41;&#46; Patient and treatment characteristics are shown in&#160;Table 1&#46;&#160;The mean dialysis dose &#40;Kt&#41; measured by ionic dialysance&#160;&#40;KtOCM&#41; was not statistically different from that obtained by measuring dialysate &#40;Kturea&#41; &#40;KtOCM vs&#46; Kturea&#44; 34&#46;9 &#177;&#160;10&#46;69 vs&#46; 32&#46;78 &#177; 11&#46;31L &#91;NS&#93;&#41;&#46;&#160;We found an important correlation and a significant linear&#160;relationship between the two methods &#40;r &#61; 0&#46;87&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;001&#59;&#160;95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93; 0&#46;76-0&#46;94&#37;&#41; &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46;&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Severe ARF is present in 5-15&#37; of patients admitted to the&#160;ICU&#44; according to the at-risk population being studied and&#160;the ARF definition used&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14 </span>ARF-associated mortality in&#160;critical patients admitted to the ICU ranges between 30 and&#160;60&#37;&#44; depending on the series&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14 </span>Although more than 60 years&#160;have passed since the first successful courses of dialysis&#160;were administered to patients with ARF&#44; some important&#160;aspects in renal replacement are still topics for debate&#44; such&#160;as when to begin RRT and what is the appropriate dose&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#160;</span>In both patients with CKD and patients with ARF&#44; RRTs&#160;were mainly measured in terms of urea kinetics&#44; which&#160;serves as a substitute for other low-molecular weight solutes&#46;&#160;In CKD patients&#44; urea URR and Kt&#47;V are the most&#160;commonly-used indexes&#46; The urea kinetic model assumes&#160;stability characterised by a neutral nitrogen balance and&#160;similar predialysis urea values for each treatment cycle&#160;&#40;haemodialysis&#41;&#46; However&#44; this is not valid for patients with&#160;ARF&#44; since most critical patients are hypercatabolic and have&#160;a negative nitrogen balance&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15 </span>Changes in regional blood&#160;flow&#44; particularly when patients are haemodynamically&#160;unstable and require vasoactive drugs&#44; may produce an&#160;imbalance in the intercompartmental urea distribution&#44; which&#160;would invalidate the normally single-compartment urea&#160;models&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15 </span>This imbalance would be less in patients treated&#160;with extended dyalisis&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">16 </span>and therefore the dialysis&#160;calculation obtained through the urea kinetic model could&#160;not be used to compare doses between intermittent and&#160;extended treatments&#46; On the other hand&#44; urea distribution&#160;volume in ARF patients is abnormal&#44; and has a wide&#160;variation &#40;between 7 and 50&#37;&#41; when compared with that&#160;found in patients with CKD&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7 </span>A measurement of the amount&#160;of urea removed by dialysis based on a &#40;urea&#41; solute&#160;clearance index has been show to correlate well with Kt&#47;V in&#160;CKD patients&#46; On the other hand&#44; in patients with ARF we&#160;see differences in the mass balance when comparing the&#160;dialysis dose calculated by measuring dialysate with that&#160;calculated by measuring blood levels&#44; which shows that&#160;blood level measurement overestimates the amount of solute&#160;&#40;urea&#41; that is removed&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18 </span>This is why measurements obtained&#160;by directly measuring solute clearance &#40;taking a&#160;measurement from dialysate&#41; is the method indicated in&#160;critical ARF patients&#44; although it is difficult to apply in&#160;clinical practice&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;18&#160;</span>The use of Kt in CKD patients has been proposed&#44; and it has&#160;been shown to have an excellent correlation with mortality in&#160;these patients&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9 </span>Determining Kt using ionic dialysance has&#160;been successful in this population&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#160;</span>Calculation of Kt obtained through ionic dialysance does&#160;not require use of the distribution volume&#46; Likewise&#44; is&#160;not influenced by urea imbalance&#44; does not require any&#160;blood samples from the patient&#44; and is calculated through&#160;direct measurement of solute clearance in dialysate&#44; which&#160;is an alternative for determining dialysis dose in ARF&#160;patients admitted to the ICU&#46; Furthermore&#44; it allows us to&#160;compare resulting doses between cases of intermittent and&#160;extended dialysis&#46;&#160;In our study&#44; use of ionic dialysance to determine Kt was&#160;evaluated by comparing the result with the method of&#160;reference for evaluating dialysis dosage in ARF patients&#46; It&#160;was shown to have optimal correlation&#44; with no significant&#160;differences between values obtained using the two methods&#46;&#160;A single preliminary experience with ARF&#44; listed in the&#160;references&#44; used a different model from the one we used&#44; and&#160;that study was limited to intermittent haemodialysis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18 </span>Our own experience also included extended dialysis sessions&#44; and&#160;showed that it was possible to use them for this type of RRT&#46;&#160;It would be useful to run future studies comparing the effect&#160;of different ionic dialysance monitors for determining Kt&#44;&#160;as has been done with CKD patients&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#160;</span>Our study did not list evaluating the differences between&#160;actual doses and prescribed doses among its objectives&#44;&#160;although we did see low Kt values in our results&#160;compared to those used as a reference for CKD&#160;patients&#59;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10 </span>it is already known that resulting doses are&#160;lower than prescribed doses in ARF patients&#44; and the&#160;latter are often not monitored&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5 </span>We know that catheter use&#160;is one of the factors requiring an increase in the dialysis&#160;time CKD patients need in order to reach the target Kt&#59;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#160;</span>this would be more pronounced in the case of ARF&#44; in&#160;which all patients use non-tunnel low-flux catheters&#46;&#160;In light of recent publications&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3 </span>experts recommend a&#160;minimum target dose of dialysis&#44; together with the use of&#160;quality control tools&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1 </span>Use of Kt through ionic dialysance&#160;can be included among these tools to permit local control&#160;by each ICU&#44; as a simple means of obtaining an objective&#160;value when comparing doses between different treatments&#160;or different ICUs&#46;&#160;To conclude&#44; we feel that measuring Kt by ionic dialysance&#160;is a simple method for estimating dialysis dose in critical&#160;patients&#44; and that it is a useful tool for monitoring and&#160;adjusting RRTs to a target dose in real time&#46;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10335108&#95;a13&#95;t1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10335108_a13_t1.jpg" alt="Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10335108&#95;a13&#95;f1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10335108_a13_f1.jpg" alt="Correlation between Kt obtained through ionic dialysance &#40;KtOCM&#41; and Kt obtained by collecting dialysate&#46;"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Correlation between Kt obtained through ionic dialysance &#40;KtOCM&#41; and Kt obtained by collecting dialysate&#46;</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "P1-E47-S1878-A10335-EN.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:6 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437503"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "OCM"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437505"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Dialisancia i&#243;nica"
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437507"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Porcentaje de reducci&#243;n de urea"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437509"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Insuficiencia renal aguda"
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437511"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Kt"
            1 => "Kt&#47;V"
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437513"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Dosis de di&#225;lisis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:6 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437504"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "OCM"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437506"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Ionic dialysance"
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437508"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Urea reduction ratio"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437510"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Acute kidney injury"
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437512"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Kt"
            1 => "Kt&#47;V"
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437514"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Dialysis dose"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aim&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To evaluate the Kt assessed through ionic dializance &#40;KtOCM&#41; in UCI patients undergoing renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury&#44; comparing the results with those obtained through the urea removal rate method determined by dialyzate collection &#40;Kturea&#41;&#46; </span><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Material and methods&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">18 adult UCI staying individuals suffering from renal replacement therapy requiring oliguric acute kidney injury were included in this study&#46; RRT consisted in intermitent or extended hemodialysis performed through a Fresenius 4008E dialysis machine equiped with an on-line clearance monitor &#40;OCM Fresenius&#41;&#46; The KtOCM results were provided automatically&#46; The Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between the two exploratory methods and the Student&#180;s t test to compare the results obtained by the KtOCM and the Kturea&#46; </span><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">35 treatments were analyzed&#46; There were not statistically significant differences between the results form the KtOCM and the Kturea &#40;34&#46;9 &#177; 10&#46;69 vs 32&#46;78 &#177; 11&#46;31&#44; p &#61; NS&#41;&#46; A remarkable association was find between both methods &#40;r &#61; 0&#46;87&#59; 95CI&#44; 0&#46;76-0&#46;94&#59; p &#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; </span><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The assessment of Kt through ionic dialyzance is a simple method to estimate the dose of dialysis in critically ill patients and is and useful tool to monitor and adjust the RRT in real time according to a target dose&#46;</span></p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objetivo&#58; </span>Evaluar la determinaci&#243;n de Kt &#40;KtOCM&#41; por dialisancia i&#243;nica en los pacientes sometidos a terapia de reemplazo renal &#40;TRR&#41; por insuficiencia renal aguda &#40;IRA&#41; atendidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41;&#44; compar&#225;ndola con el Kt obtenido mediante el c&#225;lculo del &#237;ndice de remoci&#243;n de urea obtenido por recogida del dializado &#40;Kturea&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Materiales y m&#233;todos&#58; </span>Se incluyeron 18 pacientes adultos&#44; con IRA olig&#250;rica ingresados en la UCI&#44; con requerimiento de TRR&#44; tratados con hemodi&#225;lisis intermitente y&#47;o di&#225;lisis extendida&#46; Las TRR fueron realizadas con equipos Fresenius 4008E equipados con un monitor de aclaramiento &#171;on-line&#187; &#40;OCM Fresenius&#41;&#46; La determinaci&#243;n de KtOCM fue realizada autom&#225;ticamente por el monitor&#46; Se efectuaron la correlaci&#243;n y la comparaci&#243;n entre KtOCM y Kturea utilizando el an&#225;lisis de correlaci&#243;n de Spearman y el test de la t&#44; respectivamente&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58; </span>Sobre 35 tratamientos efectuados&#44; la media de KtOCM no fue estad&#237;sticamente diferente de la del Kturea &#40;34&#44;9 &#177; 10&#44;69 frente a 32&#44;78 &#177; 11&#44;31&#59; NS&#41;&#46; Se obtuvo una importante correlaci&#243;n y una relaci&#243;n lineal significativa entre los dos m&#233;todos &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;87&#59; p &#60;0&#44;001&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; 95&#37;&#44; 0&#44;76-0&#44;94&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusiones&#58; </span>La determinaci&#243;n del Kt por dialisancia i&#243;nica es un m&#233;todo simple para estimar la dosis de di&#225;lisis en pacientes cr&#237;ticos y es una herramienta &#250;til para monitorizar y ajustar las TRR en tiempo real de acuerdo con una dosis objetivo&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "10335108_a13_t1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 307
            "Ancho" => 1094
            "Tamanyo" => 51317
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "10335108_a13_f1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 480
            "Ancho" => 538
            "Tamanyo" => 24576
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Correlation between Kt obtained through ionic dialysance &#40;KtOCM&#41; and Kt obtained by collecting dialysate&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Palevsky PM. Renal support in acute kidney injury-how much is enough?. N Engl J Med 2009;361(17):1699-701. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19846856" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ronco C, Cruz D, Oudemans van Straaten H, Honore P, House A, Bin D, Gibney N. Dialysis dose in acute kidney injury: no time for therapeutic nihilism-a critical appraisal of the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study. Crit Care 2008;12(5):308. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983695" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Palevsky PM, O¿Connor TZ, Chertow GM, Crowley ST, Zhang JH, Kellum JA, US Department of Veterans Affairs/National Institutes of Health Acute Renal Failure Trial Network. Intensity of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: perspective from within the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study. Crit Care 2009;13(4):310. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19678919" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evanson JA, Himmelfarb J, Wingard R, Knights S, Shyr Y, Schulman G, et al. Prescribed versus delivered dialysis in acute renal failure patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32(5):731-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9820441" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Overberger P, Pesacreta M, Palevsky PM, VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network. Management of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: a survey of practitioner prescribing practices. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2(4):623-30. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17699474" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Himmelfarb J, Evanson J, Hakim RM, Freedman S, Shyr Y, Ikizler TA. Urea volumen of distribution exceeds total body water in patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2002;61(1):317-23. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786114" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Liangos O, Rao M, Ruthazer R, Balakrishnan VS, Modi G, Pereira BJ, et al. Factors associated with urea reduction ratio in acute renal failure. Artif Organs 2004;28(12):1076-81. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554935" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ratanarat R, Permpikul C, Ronco C. Renal replacement therapy in acute renal failure: which index is best for dialysis dose quantification? Int J Artif Organs 2007;30(3):235-43. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17417763" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Lowrie EG, Chertow GM, Lew NL, Lazarus JM, Owen WF. The urea [clearance ¿ dialysis time] product (Kt) as an outcome-based measure of hemodialysis dose. Kidney Int 1999;56(2):729-37. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10432415" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Maduell F, Vera M, Serra N, Collado S, Carrera M, Fernández A, et al. Kt as control and follow-up of the dose at a hemodialysis unit. Nefrologia 2008;28(1):43-7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18336130" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Liaño F, Gallego A, Pascual J, García-Martín F, Teruel JL, Marcén R, et al. Prognosis of acute tubular necrosis: an extended prospectively contrasted study. Nephron 1993;63(1):21-31. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8446248" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ing TS, Yu AW, Wong FK, Rafiq M, Zhou FQ, Daugirdas JT. Collection of a representative fraction of total spent hemodialysate. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;25(5):810-2. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7747738" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Teruel JL, Fernández Lucas M, Marcén R, Rodríguez JR, Rivera M, Liaño F, et al. Estimate of the dialysis dose using ionic dialysance. Nefrologia 2001;21(1):78-83. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11344966" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Liaño García F, Tenorio Cabanas M, Álvarez Rangel L. Epidemiología de la insuficiencia renal Aguda. En: Do Pico J, Greloni G, Rosa Diez G (eds.). Nefrología Crítica. Buenos Aires: Ed. Journal, 2009;11-21."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA. Quantitating urea removal in patients with acute renal failure: Lost art or forgotten science? Semin Dial 2000;13:147-9. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10833772" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Marshall MR, Golper TA, Shaver MJ, Alam MG, Chatoth DK. Urea kinetics during sustained low-efficiency dialysis in critically ill patients requiring renalreplacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39(3):556-70. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11877575" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evanson JA, Ikizler TA, Wingard R, Knights S, Shyr Y, Schulman G, et al. Measurement of the delivery of dialysis in acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1999;55(4):1501-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10201016" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ridel C, Osman D, Mercadal L, Anguel N, Petitclerc T, Richard C, et al. Ionic dialysance: a new valid parameter for quantification of dialysis efficiency in acute renal failure? Intens Care Med 2007;33(3):460-5."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Maduell F, Vera M, Arias M, Serra N, Blasco M, Bergadá E, et al. Influence of the ionic dialysance monitor on Kt measurement in hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52(1):85-92. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18455852" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Maduell F, Vera M, Arias M, Fontseré N, Blasco M, Serra N, et al. How much should dialysis time be increased when catheters are used? Nefrologia 2008;28(6):633-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016637" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036108/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "35444"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Short Originals"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036108/v0_201502091606/en/P1-E47-S1878-A10335-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036108?idApp=UINPBA000064"
]
Share
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Measuring Kt by ionic dialysance is a useful tool for assessing dialysis dose in critical patients
La determinación del Kt por dialisancia iónica es una herramienta útil para la evaluación de la dosis de diálisis en pacientes críticos
Guillermo Javier Rosa Dieza, P.. Bevionea, M.S.. Cruceleguia, G.. Brattia, W.. Bonfantia, F.. Varelaa, S.. Algranatia, S.. Giannasia, E.. San Romána, R.. Heguilena, G.. Grelonia
a Servicios de Nefrología y Terapia Intensiva e Instituto Universitario, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Read
9980
Times
was read the article
2292
Total PDF
7688
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:21 [
  "pii" => "X2013251410036108"
  "issn" => "20132514"
  "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10335"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Nefrologia &#40;English Version&#41;. 2010;30:227-31"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5416
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 321
      "HTML" => 4528
      "PDF" => 567
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:17 [
      "pii" => "X0211699510036100"
      "issn" => "02116995"
      "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10335"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
      "documento" => "article"
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2010;30:227-31"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 8005
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 264
          "HTML" => 7140
          "PDF" => 601
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "La determinaci&#243;n del Kt por dialisancia i&#243;nica es una herramienta &#250;til para la evaluaci&#243;n de la dosis de di&#225;lisis en pacientes cr&#237;ticos"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "227"
            "paginaFinal" => "231"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Measuring Kt by ionic dialysance is a useful tool for assessing dialysis dose in critical patients"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:8 [
            "identificador" => "fig1"
            "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "10335_18030_2275_es_figura1d.jpg"
                "Alto" => 472
                "Ancho" => 550
                "Tamanyo" => 52801
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "Correlaci&#243;n entre el Kt obtenido por dialisancia i&#243;nica &#40;KtOCM&#41; y el Kt obtenido por recogida del l&#237;quido de di&#225;lisis&#46;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Guillermo Javier Rosa Diez, P. Bevione, M.S. Crucelegui, G. Bratti, W. Bonfanti, F. Varela, S. Algranati, S. Giannasi, E. San Rom&#225;n, R. Heguilen, G. Greloni"
            "autores" => array:11 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Guillermo Javier"
                "apellidos" => "Rosa Diez"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "P."
                "apellidos" => "Bevione"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "M.S."
                "apellidos" => "Crucelegui"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "G."
                "apellidos" => "Bratti"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "W."
                "apellidos" => "Bonfanti"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "F."
                "apellidos" => "Varela"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "S."
                "apellidos" => "Algranati"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "S."
                "apellidos" => "Giannasi"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "E."
                "apellidos" => "San Rom&#225;n"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "R."
                "apellidos" => "Heguilen"
              ]
              10 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "G."
                "apellidos" => "Greloni"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X2013251410036108"
          "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10335"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036108?idApp=UINPBA000064"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699510036100?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      "url" => "/02116995/0000003000000002/v0_201502091329/X0211699510036100/v0_201502091331/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251410036093"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10336"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia &#40;English Version&#41;. 2010;30:232-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4634
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 295
        "HTML" => 3766
        "PDF" => 573
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Dialysis dose measurements of Kt by ionic dialisance reveals less dialysis adequacy than the Kt&#47;VUREA-based method in critically ill patients with acute renal failure"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "232"
          "paginaFinal" => "235"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "La medida de la dosis de di&#225;lisis mediante Kt por dialisancia i&#243;nica revela una menor adecuaci&#243;n que la medida por Kt&#47;VUREA en la insificiencia renal aguda de pacientes cr&#237;ticos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10336108_a14_t1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 369
              "Ancho" => 535
              "Tamanyo" => 36883
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Clinical characteristics of the included patients and haemodialysis sessions&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "N. Serra Caba&#241;as, X. Barros Freir&#237;a, J. Garro Mart&#237;nez, M. Blasco Pelicano, F. Maduell Canals, A. Torras Rabasa, Esteban Poch L&#243;pez de Bri&#241;as"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "N."
              "apellidos" => "Serra Caba&#241;as"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "X."
              "apellidos" => "Barros Freir&#237;a"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Garro Mart&#237;nez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Blasco Pelicano"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Maduell Canals"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Torras Rabasa"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Esteban"
              "apellidos" => "Poch L&#243;pez de Bri&#241;as"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699510036096"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Mar.10336"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699510036096?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036093?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036093/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X2013251410036116"
    "issn" => "20132514"
    "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Jan.10196"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-03-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Nefrologia &#40;English Version&#41;. 2010;30:220-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4112
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 274
        "HTML" => 3249
        "PDF" => 589
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Bahia 2008 study&#58; hydration barometer in the Spanish population"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "220"
          "paginaFinal" => "226"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Estudio Bahia 2008&#58; bar&#243;metro de la hidrataci&#243;n de la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "10196108_a12_t1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 333
              "Ancho" => 531
              "Tamanyo" => 29012
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Calculation of Daily Liquid Requirements"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => " Grupo Investigador Bahia, ALM de Francisco, A. Mart&#237;nez Castelao"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "apellidos" => "Grupo Investigador Bahia"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "ALM"
              "apellidos" => "de Francisco"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez Castelao"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "X0211699510036119"
        "doi" => "10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2010.Jan.10196"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0211699510036119?idApp=UINPBA000064"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036116?idApp=UINPBA000064"
    "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036116/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Measuring Kt by ionic dialysance is a useful tool for assessing dialysis dose in critical patients"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "227"
        "paginaFinal" => "231"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Guillermo Javier Rosa Diez, P. Bevione, M.S. Crucelegui, G. Bratti, W. Bonfanti, F. Varela, S. Algranati, S. Giannasi, E. San Rom&#225;n, R. Heguilen, G. Greloni"
        "autores" => array:11 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Guillermo Javier"
            "apellidos" => "Rosa Diez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "P."
            "apellidos" => "Bevione"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "M.S."
            "apellidos" => "Crucelegui"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "G."
            "apellidos" => "Bratti"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "W."
            "apellidos" => "Bonfanti"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "F."
            "apellidos" => "Varela"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "S."
            "apellidos" => "Algranati"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "S."
            "apellidos" => "Giannasi"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "San Rom&#225;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          9 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "R."
            "apellidos" => "Heguilen"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          10 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "G."
            "apellidos" => "Greloni"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicios de Nefrología y Terapia Intensiva e Instituto Universitario, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,  Argentina, "
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "La determinaci&#243;n del Kt por dialisancia i&#243;nica es una herramienta &#250;til para la evaluaci&#243;n de la dosis de di&#225;lisis en pacientes cr&#237;ticos"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "10335108_a13_t1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 307
            "Ancho" => 1094
            "Tamanyo" => 51317
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">INTRODUCTION&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Optimal doses of renal replacement therapy have not yet&#160;been established for patients with acute renal failure &#40;ARF&#41; admitted to the intensive care unit &#40;ICU&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3 </span>In daily clinical&#160;practice&#44; the final dose is not controlled and we generally&#160;do not reach the prescribed dosage&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5 </span>unlike what happens&#160;with patients with end-stage renal disease&#46; The Kt&#47;V&#160;formula used systematically in patients with chronic kidney&#160;disease &#40;CKD&#41; has limitations when applied to critical&#160;patients&#44; since they have a variable urea distribution&#160;volume which cannot be predicted&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6 </span>Urea reduction ratio&#160;&#40;URR&#41; is easy to calculate&#44; but it is calculated&#160;retrospectively and does not enable us to monitor whether&#160;or not the prescribed dose achieves its target level during&#160;treatment&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7 </span>Calculating the dose of dialysis by directly&#160;measuring dialysate is a more reliable technique than other&#160;methods that can be applied in ARF&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8 </span>A Kt reading can be&#160;taken by measuring urea concentration in dialysate without&#160;using urea distribution volume<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9 </span>but this requires collecting&#160;dialysate&#44; which is a difficult step to carry out in daily&#160;practice&#46; Determining Kt through ionic dialysance provides&#160;a direct measurement of the dialysis dose without using&#160;blood samples or collecting dialysate to determine urea&#160;concentrations&#44; and it has been successfully done in&#160;patients with CKD&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10 </span>Our objective&#44; therefore&#44; was to&#160;evaluate measuring Kt through ionic dialysance in ARF&#160;patients admitted to the ICU and compare the measurement&#160;with Kt obtained by calculating urea clearance from a&#160;collected dialysate sample&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MATERIAL AND METHODS&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This prospective study included adult patients with oliguric&#160;ARF admitted to the ICU and requiring RRT&#44; who were&#160;treated with intermittent haemodialysis and&#47;or extended&#160;haemodialysis&#46; Patient baseline characteristics were&#160;recorded&#44; including severity of the ARF according to the&#160;individual severity index&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#160;</span>The dialysis type and duration were not changed for&#160;purposes of the study&#44; and were carried out according to&#160;the indication of the doctor responsible for the treatment&#46;&#160;Patients received dialysis with Fresenius 4008 S monitors&#160;equipped with OCM biosensors &#40;On-line clearance&#160;monitoring&#44; Fresenius Medical Care AG&#41;&#46; This device&#160;uses two conductivity probes to measure effective ionic&#160;dialysance in a non-invasive way&#46; Filtered water for&#160;haemodialysis was provided by a portable reverse&#160;osmosis system &#40;Apema S&#46;R&#46;L&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;&#46; The dialysis bath&#160;fluxes for intermittent haemodialysis and extended&#160;dialysis were 500 and 300ml&#47;min&#44; respectively&#46; Sterile&#160;powdered bicarbonate was used&#46; All RRT processes used&#160;1&#46;4m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2 </span>helixone membranes&#46; We used the Seldinger&#160;technique to place non-tunnel central venous access 11&#46;5&#160;Fr catheters&#44; measuring 19 or 16cm in length&#44; in the&#160;femoral or internal jugular veins respectively&#46; Where&#160;there was no contraindication&#44; patients were administered&#160;anticoagulation treatment with sodium heparin in a&#160;continuous infusion with a loading dose of 1000 U and a&#160;maintenance dose of 500 U&#47;hour&#46;&#160;In each dialysis session&#44; we took blood samples to&#160;determine plasma urea &#40;PU&#41; and total protein at the&#160;beginning and end of each treatment &#40;using the slow-stop&#160;flow technique&#41; in order to calculate the average urea&#160;concentration in plasma &#40;PUmean&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#160;</span>PUmean &#61; &#40;PUstart-PUend&#41;&#47;ln&#40;PUstart&#47;PUend&#41;&#160;where PUstart and PUend are the urea concentrations in&#160;plasma at the start and end of treatment&#46;&#160;Collecting dialysate was performed using the partial&#160;dialysate collection method&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13 </span>Urea levels &#40;Ud&#41; and volume&#160;&#40;Vd&#41; of the dialysate were measured&#46;&#160;For calculating Kt using the urea clearance index obtained&#160;by sampling dialysate &#40;Kturea&#41;&#44; we used the following&#160;formula&#58;&#160;Kturea &#61; &#40;Vd Ud&#41;&#47;PUmean&#160;where Vd &#61; volume of dialysate&#44; Ud &#61; urea in dialysate and&#160;PUmean &#61; mean urea concentration in plasma&#46;&#160;Kt determination using OCM &#40;KtOCM&#41; was performed&#160;automatically by the monitor at the end of the dialysis&#160;session&#46;&#160;Data used for statistical analysis are expressed as a mean&#160;&#177; standard deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#46; The correlation and&#160;comparison between KtOCM and Kturea was performed&#160;using Spearman&#8217;s rank correlation test and the t-test&#44;&#160;respectively&#46;&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">RESULTS&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The study included 18 patients receiving 35 treatments&#46;&#160;Patients were 69 &#177; 16 years old&#44; and 14 were men&#46; The most&#160;frequent cause of the ARF was septic shock&#44; followed by&#160;postsurgical ARF associated with cardiovascular surgery&#46;&#160;Patient severity according to the ISI score was 0&#46;67 &#177; 0&#46;38&#59;&#160;13 patients required mechanical respiratory assistance and 12&#160;were receiving inotropic drugs at the time of the consultation&#46;&#160;Of the total treatments performed&#44; 24 were intermittent&#160;haemodialysis sessions and 11 were extended haemodialysis&#160;sessions&#46; The extended haemodialysis sessions had an&#160;average duration of 428 &#177; 36 minutes &#40;range&#44; 390-480&#160;minutes&#41;&#46; Patient and treatment characteristics are shown in&#160;Table 1&#46;&#160;The mean dialysis dose &#40;Kt&#41; measured by ionic dialysance&#160;&#40;KtOCM&#41; was not statistically different from that obtained by measuring dialysate &#40;Kturea&#41; &#40;KtOCM vs&#46; Kturea&#44; 34&#46;9 &#177;&#160;10&#46;69 vs&#46; 32&#46;78 &#177; 11&#46;31L &#91;NS&#93;&#41;&#46;&#160;We found an important correlation and a significant linear&#160;relationship between the two methods &#40;r &#61; 0&#46;87&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;001&#59;&#160;95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93; 0&#46;76-0&#46;94&#37;&#41; &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46;&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS&#160;</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Severe ARF is present in 5-15&#37; of patients admitted to the&#160;ICU&#44; according to the at-risk population being studied and&#160;the ARF definition used&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14 </span>ARF-associated mortality in&#160;critical patients admitted to the ICU ranges between 30 and&#160;60&#37;&#44; depending on the series&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14 </span>Although more than 60 years&#160;have passed since the first successful courses of dialysis&#160;were administered to patients with ARF&#44; some important&#160;aspects in renal replacement are still topics for debate&#44; such&#160;as when to begin RRT and what is the appropriate dose&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#160;</span>In both patients with CKD and patients with ARF&#44; RRTs&#160;were mainly measured in terms of urea kinetics&#44; which&#160;serves as a substitute for other low-molecular weight solutes&#46;&#160;In CKD patients&#44; urea URR and Kt&#47;V are the most&#160;commonly-used indexes&#46; The urea kinetic model assumes&#160;stability characterised by a neutral nitrogen balance and&#160;similar predialysis urea values for each treatment cycle&#160;&#40;haemodialysis&#41;&#46; However&#44; this is not valid for patients with&#160;ARF&#44; since most critical patients are hypercatabolic and have&#160;a negative nitrogen balance&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15 </span>Changes in regional blood&#160;flow&#44; particularly when patients are haemodynamically&#160;unstable and require vasoactive drugs&#44; may produce an&#160;imbalance in the intercompartmental urea distribution&#44; which&#160;would invalidate the normally single-compartment urea&#160;models&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15 </span>This imbalance would be less in patients treated&#160;with extended dyalisis&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">16 </span>and therefore the dialysis&#160;calculation obtained through the urea kinetic model could&#160;not be used to compare doses between intermittent and&#160;extended treatments&#46; On the other hand&#44; urea distribution&#160;volume in ARF patients is abnormal&#44; and has a wide&#160;variation &#40;between 7 and 50&#37;&#41; when compared with that&#160;found in patients with CKD&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7 </span>A measurement of the amount&#160;of urea removed by dialysis based on a &#40;urea&#41; solute&#160;clearance index has been show to correlate well with Kt&#47;V in&#160;CKD patients&#46; On the other hand&#44; in patients with ARF we&#160;see differences in the mass balance when comparing the&#160;dialysis dose calculated by measuring dialysate with that&#160;calculated by measuring blood levels&#44; which shows that&#160;blood level measurement overestimates the amount of solute&#160;&#40;urea&#41; that is removed&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18 </span>This is why measurements obtained&#160;by directly measuring solute clearance &#40;taking a&#160;measurement from dialysate&#41; is the method indicated in&#160;critical ARF patients&#44; although it is difficult to apply in&#160;clinical practice&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;18&#160;</span>The use of Kt in CKD patients has been proposed&#44; and it has&#160;been shown to have an excellent correlation with mortality in&#160;these patients&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9 </span>Determining Kt using ionic dialysance has&#160;been successful in this population&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#160;</span>Calculation of Kt obtained through ionic dialysance does&#160;not require use of the distribution volume&#46; Likewise&#44; is&#160;not influenced by urea imbalance&#44; does not require any&#160;blood samples from the patient&#44; and is calculated through&#160;direct measurement of solute clearance in dialysate&#44; which&#160;is an alternative for determining dialysis dose in ARF&#160;patients admitted to the ICU&#46; Furthermore&#44; it allows us to&#160;compare resulting doses between cases of intermittent and&#160;extended dialysis&#46;&#160;In our study&#44; use of ionic dialysance to determine Kt was&#160;evaluated by comparing the result with the method of&#160;reference for evaluating dialysis dosage in ARF patients&#46; It&#160;was shown to have optimal correlation&#44; with no significant&#160;differences between values obtained using the two methods&#46;&#160;A single preliminary experience with ARF&#44; listed in the&#160;references&#44; used a different model from the one we used&#44; and&#160;that study was limited to intermittent haemodialysis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18 </span>Our own experience also included extended dialysis sessions&#44; and&#160;showed that it was possible to use them for this type of RRT&#46;&#160;It would be useful to run future studies comparing the effect&#160;of different ionic dialysance monitors for determining Kt&#44;&#160;as has been done with CKD patients&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#160;</span>Our study did not list evaluating the differences between&#160;actual doses and prescribed doses among its objectives&#44;&#160;although we did see low Kt values in our results&#160;compared to those used as a reference for CKD&#160;patients&#59;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10 </span>it is already known that resulting doses are&#160;lower than prescribed doses in ARF patients&#44; and the&#160;latter are often not monitored&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5 </span>We know that catheter use&#160;is one of the factors requiring an increase in the dialysis&#160;time CKD patients need in order to reach the target Kt&#59;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#160;</span>this would be more pronounced in the case of ARF&#44; in&#160;which all patients use non-tunnel low-flux catheters&#46;&#160;In light of recent publications&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-3 </span>experts recommend a&#160;minimum target dose of dialysis&#44; together with the use of&#160;quality control tools&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1 </span>Use of Kt through ionic dialysance&#160;can be included among these tools to permit local control&#160;by each ICU&#44; as a simple means of obtaining an objective&#160;value when comparing doses between different treatments&#160;or different ICUs&#46;&#160;To conclude&#44; we feel that measuring Kt by ionic dialysance&#160;is a simple method for estimating dialysis dose in critical&#160;patients&#44; and that it is a useful tool for monitoring and&#160;adjusting RRTs to a target dose in real time&#46;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10335108&#95;a13&#95;t1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10335108_a13_t1.jpg" alt="Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande&#47;10335108&#95;a13&#95;f1&#46;jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10335108_a13_f1.jpg" alt="Correlation between Kt obtained through ionic dialysance &#40;KtOCM&#41; and Kt obtained by collecting dialysate&#46;"></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Correlation between Kt obtained through ionic dialysance &#40;KtOCM&#41; and Kt obtained by collecting dialysate&#46;</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "P1-E47-S1878-A10335-EN.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:6 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437503"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "OCM"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437505"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Dialisancia i&#243;nica"
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437507"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Porcentaje de reducci&#243;n de urea"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437509"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Insuficiencia renal aguda"
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437511"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Kt"
            1 => "Kt&#47;V"
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437513"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Dosis de di&#225;lisis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:6 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437504"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "OCM"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437506"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Ionic dialysance"
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437508"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Urea reduction ratio"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437510"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Acute kidney injury"
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437512"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Kt"
            1 => "Kt&#47;V"
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec437514"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Dialysis dose"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aim&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To evaluate the Kt assessed through ionic dializance &#40;KtOCM&#41; in UCI patients undergoing renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury&#44; comparing the results with those obtained through the urea removal rate method determined by dialyzate collection &#40;Kturea&#41;&#46; </span><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Material and methods&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">18 adult UCI staying individuals suffering from renal replacement therapy requiring oliguric acute kidney injury were included in this study&#46; RRT consisted in intermitent or extended hemodialysis performed through a Fresenius 4008E dialysis machine equiped with an on-line clearance monitor &#40;OCM Fresenius&#41;&#46; The KtOCM results were provided automatically&#46; The Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between the two exploratory methods and the Student&#180;s t test to compare the results obtained by the KtOCM and the Kturea&#46; </span><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Results&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">35 treatments were analyzed&#46; There were not statistically significant differences between the results form the KtOCM and the Kturea &#40;34&#46;9 &#177; 10&#46;69 vs 32&#46;78 &#177; 11&#46;31&#44; p &#61; NS&#41;&#46; A remarkable association was find between both methods &#40;r &#61; 0&#46;87&#59; 95CI&#44; 0&#46;76-0&#46;94&#59; p &#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; </span><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conclusions&#58; </span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The assessment of Kt through ionic dialyzance is a simple method to estimate the dose of dialysis in critically ill patients and is and useful tool to monitor and adjust the RRT in real time according to a target dose&#46;</span></p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objetivo&#58; </span>Evaluar la determinaci&#243;n de Kt &#40;KtOCM&#41; por dialisancia i&#243;nica en los pacientes sometidos a terapia de reemplazo renal &#40;TRR&#41; por insuficiencia renal aguda &#40;IRA&#41; atendidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41;&#44; compar&#225;ndola con el Kt obtenido mediante el c&#225;lculo del &#237;ndice de remoci&#243;n de urea obtenido por recogida del dializado &#40;Kturea&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Materiales y m&#233;todos&#58; </span>Se incluyeron 18 pacientes adultos&#44; con IRA olig&#250;rica ingresados en la UCI&#44; con requerimiento de TRR&#44; tratados con hemodi&#225;lisis intermitente y&#47;o di&#225;lisis extendida&#46; Las TRR fueron realizadas con equipos Fresenius 4008E equipados con un monitor de aclaramiento &#171;on-line&#187; &#40;OCM Fresenius&#41;&#46; La determinaci&#243;n de KtOCM fue realizada autom&#225;ticamente por el monitor&#46; Se efectuaron la correlaci&#243;n y la comparaci&#243;n entre KtOCM y Kturea utilizando el an&#225;lisis de correlaci&#243;n de Spearman y el test de la t&#44; respectivamente&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58; </span>Sobre 35 tratamientos efectuados&#44; la media de KtOCM no fue estad&#237;sticamente diferente de la del Kturea &#40;34&#44;9 &#177; 10&#44;69 frente a 32&#44;78 &#177; 11&#44;31&#59; NS&#41;&#46; Se obtuvo una importante correlaci&#243;n y una relaci&#243;n lineal significativa entre los dos m&#233;todos &#40;r &#61; 0&#44;87&#59; p &#60;0&#44;001&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; 95&#37;&#44; 0&#44;76-0&#44;94&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusiones&#58; </span>La determinaci&#243;n del Kt por dialisancia i&#243;nica es un m&#233;todo simple para estimar la dosis de di&#225;lisis en pacientes cr&#237;ticos y es una herramienta &#250;til para monitorizar y ajustar las TRR en tiempo real de acuerdo con una dosis objetivo&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Tab.  1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "10335108_a13_t1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 307
            "Ancho" => 1094
            "Tamanyo" => 51317
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Patient and renal replacement therapy characteristics"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "10335108_a13_f1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 480
            "Ancho" => 538
            "Tamanyo" => 24576
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Correlation between Kt obtained through ionic dialysance &#40;KtOCM&#41; and Kt obtained by collecting dialysate&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Palevsky PM. Renal support in acute kidney injury-how much is enough?. N Engl J Med 2009;361(17):1699-701. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19846856" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ronco C, Cruz D, Oudemans van Straaten H, Honore P, House A, Bin D, Gibney N. Dialysis dose in acute kidney injury: no time for therapeutic nihilism-a critical appraisal of the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study. Crit Care 2008;12(5):308. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983695" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Palevsky PM, O¿Connor TZ, Chertow GM, Crowley ST, Zhang JH, Kellum JA, US Department of Veterans Affairs/National Institutes of Health Acute Renal Failure Trial Network. Intensity of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: perspective from within the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study. Crit Care 2009;13(4):310. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19678919" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evanson JA, Himmelfarb J, Wingard R, Knights S, Shyr Y, Schulman G, et al. Prescribed versus delivered dialysis in acute renal failure patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32(5):731-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9820441" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Overberger P, Pesacreta M, Palevsky PM, VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network. Management of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: a survey of practitioner prescribing practices. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2(4):623-30. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17699474" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Himmelfarb J, Evanson J, Hakim RM, Freedman S, Shyr Y, Ikizler TA. Urea volumen of distribution exceeds total body water in patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2002;61(1):317-23. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786114" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Liangos O, Rao M, Ruthazer R, Balakrishnan VS, Modi G, Pereira BJ, et al. Factors associated with urea reduction ratio in acute renal failure. Artif Organs 2004;28(12):1076-81. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554935" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ratanarat R, Permpikul C, Ronco C. Renal replacement therapy in acute renal failure: which index is best for dialysis dose quantification? Int J Artif Organs 2007;30(3):235-43. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17417763" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Lowrie EG, Chertow GM, Lew NL, Lazarus JM, Owen WF. The urea [clearance ¿ dialysis time] product (Kt) as an outcome-based measure of hemodialysis dose. Kidney Int 1999;56(2):729-37. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10432415" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Maduell F, Vera M, Serra N, Collado S, Carrera M, Fernández A, et al. Kt as control and follow-up of the dose at a hemodialysis unit. Nefrologia 2008;28(1):43-7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18336130" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Liaño F, Gallego A, Pascual J, García-Martín F, Teruel JL, Marcén R, et al. Prognosis of acute tubular necrosis: an extended prospectively contrasted study. Nephron 1993;63(1):21-31. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8446248" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ing TS, Yu AW, Wong FK, Rafiq M, Zhou FQ, Daugirdas JT. Collection of a representative fraction of total spent hemodialysate. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;25(5):810-2. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7747738" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Teruel JL, Fernández Lucas M, Marcén R, Rodríguez JR, Rivera M, Liaño F, et al. Estimate of the dialysis dose using ionic dialysance. Nefrologia 2001;21(1):78-83. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11344966" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Liaño García F, Tenorio Cabanas M, Álvarez Rangel L. Epidemiología de la insuficiencia renal Aguda. En: Do Pico J, Greloni G, Rosa Diez G (eds.). Nefrología Crítica. Buenos Aires: Ed. Journal, 2009;11-21."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA. Quantitating urea removal in patients with acute renal failure: Lost art or forgotten science? Semin Dial 2000;13:147-9. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10833772" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Marshall MR, Golper TA, Shaver MJ, Alam MG, Chatoth DK. Urea kinetics during sustained low-efficiency dialysis in critically ill patients requiring renalreplacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39(3):556-70. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11877575" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evanson JA, Ikizler TA, Wingard R, Knights S, Shyr Y, Schulman G, et al. Measurement of the delivery of dialysis in acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1999;55(4):1501-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10201016" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ridel C, Osman D, Mercadal L, Anguel N, Petitclerc T, Richard C, et al. Ionic dialysance: a new valid parameter for quantification of dialysis efficiency in acute renal failure? Intens Care Med 2007;33(3):460-5."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Maduell F, Vera M, Arias M, Serra N, Blasco M, Bergadá E, et al. Influence of the ionic dialysance monitor on Kt measurement in hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52(1):85-92. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18455852" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Maduell F, Vera M, Arias M, Fontseré N, Blasco M, Serra N, et al. How much should dialysis time be increased when catheters are used? Nefrologia 2008;28(6):633-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016637" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => null
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036108/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "35444"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Short Originals"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036108/v0_201502091606/en/P1-E47-S1878-A10335-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036108?idApp=UINPBA000064"
]
Article information
ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 6 3 9
2024 October 60 35 95
2024 September 53 27 80
2024 August 62 58 120
2024 July 40 22 62
2024 June 69 39 108
2024 May 71 24 95
2024 April 61 27 88
2024 March 49 27 76
2024 February 53 34 87
2024 January 33 18 51
2023 December 35 32 67
2023 November 60 41 101
2023 October 50 31 81
2023 September 64 27 91
2023 August 59 27 86
2023 July 34 36 70
2023 June 65 27 92
2023 May 103 38 141
2023 April 44 19 63
2023 March 59 23 82
2023 February 51 22 73
2023 January 41 17 58
2022 December 55 27 82
2022 November 56 35 91
2022 October 51 45 96
2022 September 52 44 96
2022 August 48 41 89
2022 July 41 58 99
2022 June 66 36 102
2022 May 56 38 94
2022 April 69 58 127
2022 March 70 53 123
2022 February 48 44 92
2022 January 74 39 113
2021 December 42 40 82
2021 November 51 48 99
2021 October 83 40 123
2021 September 75 34 109
2021 August 84 37 121
2021 July 108 31 139
2021 June 95 31 126
2021 May 51 35 86
2021 April 130 79 209
2021 March 46 20 66
2021 February 113 22 135
2021 January 44 17 61
2020 December 38 13 51
2020 November 34 11 45
2020 October 14 16 30
2020 September 25 7 32
2020 August 30 6 36
2020 July 24 10 34
2020 June 29 5 34
2020 May 35 11 46
2020 April 33 18 51
2020 March 46 14 60
2020 February 48 20 68
2020 January 56 19 75
2019 December 42 19 61
2019 November 41 16 57
2019 October 36 12 48
2019 September 39 15 54
2019 August 28 23 51
2019 July 26 20 46
2019 June 28 18 46
2019 May 37 14 51
2019 April 48 22 70
2019 March 30 20 50
2019 February 31 17 48
2019 January 19 13 32
2018 December 67 37 104
2018 November 69 9 78
2018 October 69 21 90
2018 September 64 17 81
2018 August 51 18 69
2018 July 45 15 60
2018 June 38 11 49
2018 May 54 14 68
2018 April 64 11 75
2018 March 55 7 62
2018 February 38 8 46
2018 January 50 6 56
2017 December 56 8 64
2017 November 57 13 70
2017 October 45 7 52
2017 September 95 17 112
2017 August 135 15 150
2017 July 159 10 169
2017 June 154 7 161
2017 May 128 8 136
2017 April 109 5 114
2017 March 89 8 97
2017 February 44 5 49
2017 January 42 8 50
2016 December 76 7 83
2016 November 89 7 96
2016 October 118 13 131
2016 September 132 7 139
2016 August 236 3 239
2016 July 182 5 187
2016 June 130 0 130
2016 May 155 0 155
2016 April 104 0 104
2016 March 105 0 105
2016 February 130 0 130
2016 January 121 0 121
2015 December 123 0 123
2015 November 88 0 88
2015 October 97 0 97
2015 September 91 0 91
2015 August 81 0 81
2015 July 100 0 100
2015 June 29 0 29
2015 May 72 0 72
2015 April 5 0 5
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Idiomas
Nefrología (English Edition)
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?