Severe hypernatraemia, hyperphosphataemia, metabolic acidosis and renal failure secondary to the administration of cleansing enemas
Hipernatremia grave, hiperfosforemia, acidosis metabólica y fracaso renal secundarios a la administración de enemas de limpieza
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"apellidos" => "Acebal Botín" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "affb" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Río Hortega, Valladolid, España, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Río Hortega, Valladolid, España, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "affb" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Río Hortega, Valladolid, España, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "affc" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hipernatremia grave, hiperfosforemia, acidosis metabólica y fracaso renal secundarios a la administración de enemas de limpieza" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "10342108_a22_f1.jpg" "Alto" => 343 "Ancho" => 344 "Tamanyo" => 14138 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Simple radiography of patient's abdomen at admission." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Dear Editor, </span>Colonoscopy preparation solutions are widely used due to their rare side effects. However, we must exercise caution when using them in extremely old or young patients and those with digestive and/or renal diseases.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1 </span>In patients with renal failure, it may trigger severe electrolyte imbalances, including severe hypernatraemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis or renal failure secondary to dehydration. We herein describe a case with those alterations and severe clinical consequences. Male patient aged 30 years with a history of congenital encephalopathy and secondary mental retardation, congenital digestive disorder, chronic renal polycystic changes with severe long-term ureterohydronephrosis and secondary chronic renal failure with recurring urinary tract infections. The patient is a dependent for all life activities. He was admitted due to a partial ileus (figure 1) secondary to foreign objects (plastics, soil, etc.), with unremarkable blood chemistry except for a serum creatinine (Cr) level of 1.4mg/dl that he already presented in previous laboratory tests. From the time he was admitted, he was treated with abundant fluid therapy and cleansing enemas, and various types of foreign bodies were obtained over the following three days. On the fourth day after admission his state of consciousness began to deteriorate progressively and the blood test showed the following: Cr, 5mg/dl; urea, 116mg/dl; Na, 197mmol/l; K, 2.6mmol/l; Cl, 159mmol/l; pH, 7.2; HCO<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>, 14.9mmol/l; GAP, 23; Ca, 7.4mg/dl; P, 14.9mg/dl, and osmolarity 389mOs/kg. Given data indicating renal failure, normochloraemic metabolic acidosis, hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia and hyperphosphataemia, and their severe clinical repercussions, we decided to perform a session of haemodialysis, and the patient responded well. After two additional haemodialysis sessions we obtained electrolyte levels within the normal range and resolution of the neurological syndrome that had occurred. When the patient was discharged from the hospital, nitrogen retention levels had been stabilised and were similar to those at time of admission. Due to the low clinical suspicion of this condition, diagnosis and initiation of treatment are often delayed, and for that reason, mortality is between 17 and 33% depending on the series.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2 </span>To conclude, we must evaluate the risk-benefit continuum before using a colonoscopy preparation and if it is necessary, use preparations specially designed for patients with renal failure, such as XPrep.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4   </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><a href="grande/10342108_a22_f1.jpg" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><img src="10342108_a22_f1.jpg" alt="Simple radiography of patient's abdomen at admission."></img></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1. Simple radiography of patient's abdomen at admission.</p>" "pdfFichero" => "P1-E47-S1884-A10342-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig1" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "copyright" => "Elsevier España" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "10342108_a22_f1.jpg" "Alto" => 343 "Ancho" => 344 "Tamanyo" => 14138 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Simple radiography of patient's abdomen at admission." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Gutiérrez E, González E, Hernández E, Herrero JC, Manzanera MJ, García JA, et al. Hiperfosforemia aguda tras preparación para colonoscopia. Nefrologia 2004;24(3): 283-7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15283320" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Aronchick CA, Lipshutz WH, Wright SH, Dufrayne, F, Bergman G. A novel tableted purgative for colonoscopic preparation: efficacy and safety comparisons with Colyte and Fleet Phospho-Soda. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:346-52. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968848" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Unal S, Dogan UB, Ozturk Z, Cindoruk M. A randomized prospective trial comparing 45 and 90 ml oral sodium phosphate with X-Prep in the preparation of patients colonoscopy. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1998;61:281-4. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9795453" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Heher EC, Their SO, Rennke H, Humphreys BD. Adverse renal and metabolic effects associated with oral sodium phosphate bowel preparation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3:1494-1503. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596115" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036018/v0_201502091606/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35437" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor - Brief Case Reports" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000003000000002/v0_201502091606/X2013251410036018/v0_201502091606/en/P1-E47-S1884-A10342-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251410036018?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
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| 2015 December | 87 | 0 | 87 |
| 2015 November | 60 | 0 | 60 |
| 2015 October | 55 | 0 | 55 |
| 2015 September | 81 | 0 | 81 |
| 2015 August | 75 | 0 | 75 |
| 2015 July | 59 | 0 | 59 |
| 2015 June | 43 | 0 | 43 |
| 2015 May | 44 | 0 | 44 |
| 2015 April | 6 | 0 | 6 |
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