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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">Dear Editor&#44;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that is widely used in hospital settings&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1 </span>Since its approval&#44; isolated cases of encephalopathy have been reported in patients with both normal<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and impaired kidney function&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span> Nonetheless&#44; the information about the clinical manifestations and the prognosis of this adverse reaction is scarce&#46; Therefore&#44; we believe it is important to report seven cases of cefepime-induced encephalopathy in patients with kidney failure&#46; These cases corresponded to 4 males and 3 females with an average age of 63 years&#46; All of the patients had acute or chronic renal failure when cefepime was prescribed&#46; The average value of creatinine at the beginning of treatment was 3&#46;6mg&#47;dl and the initial dose of cefepime was 2&#46;75g&#47;day&#59; in five patients the dose was adjusted for the degree of kidney function&#46; The average time period between beginning of treatment and symptoms was 5&#46;4 days&#46; The most common clinical manifestations were a decreased level of consciousness &#40;71&#46;4&#37;&#41; and myoclonus &#40;71&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The EEG was pathological in the six cases where it was carried out&#44; demonstrating a nonconvulsive epileptic status in three&#44; slowed global activity with repetitive paroxysm in two&#44; and diffuse affectation with a predominance of triphasic waves in one&#46; The CT scan and the spinal tap were normal in all cases&#46; After diagnosing the encephalopathy&#44; treatment with cefepime was discontinued&#46; Three of the patients received dialysis&#46; Three patients improved &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; one of whom required haemodialysis&#46; The 4 remaining patients &#40;57&#46;1&#37;&#41; died from the encephalopathy&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The use of cefepime in patients with kidney failure&#44; even at adjusted doses&#44; may cause serious encephalopathy&#44; and thus its administration should be avoided or used with close monitoring&#46; The appearance of alterations in the level of consciousness and the myoclonus should alert us to the appearance of a nonconvulsive status that requires an EEG as it is the most useful diagnostic test&#46; Haemodialysis does not seem to modify the clinical outcome&#46;</p>"
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Cefepime-induced encephalopathy in patients with renal failure
ENCEFALOPATÍA POR CEFEPIMA EN PACIENTES CON INSUFICIENCIA RENAL.
Carmen Martín Herreraa, Macarena Navarroa
a Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío Sevilla, Sevilla, España,
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