The importance of early diagnosis to the prognosis of immune-complex tubulointerstitial nephritis
La importancia de un diagnóstico precoz en el pronóstico de la nefritis tubulointersticial inmunoalérgica
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"apellidos" => "Barrientos Guzmán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Madrid, España, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La importancia de un diagnóstico precoz en el pronóstico de la nefritis tubulointersticial inmunoalérgica" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">Dear Editor:<br></br><br></br>Immune-complex tubulointerstitial nephritis (immune-complex TIN) is a frequent disease, causing 20-40% of all cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and from 10 to 25% of acute renal failure (ARF).<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In most cases, immune-complex TIN is caused by drugs, with antibiotics being the most frequent agents.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> Allopurinol causes this type of nephritis in 1.2% of all cases.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2 </span>Treatment consists of discontinuing the medication causing the condition<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> and prescribing steroids; this last step is widely debated.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> We present the case of a woman aged 79 years with chronic arterial hypertension being treated with ARBs who received treatment with allopurinol. Two weeks after beginning this treatment, she was brought to the emergency room due to fever, general malaise and oligoanuria that had been evolving over a week, together with a diffused rash that had appeared in the previous 24 hours. Upon admission, her blood pressure was 100/50mmHg and she had foveal oedema up to the proximal ends of extremities. The analysis that was carried out showed normocytic and normochromic anaemia, eosinophilia of 767 x 103 eosinophils/ml, plasma creatinine of 8.13mg/dl, plasma urea of 203mg/dl, normal ionogram, no proteinuria and the presence of microhaematuria and eosinophilia in urine elements and sediment. Viral serology and immunology tests were negative. The abdominal Doppler ultrasound did not show pathological findings. Given a clinical profile of acute renal failure with a rash, fever and eosinophilia, together with the history of treatment with allopurinol two weeks before, the clinical diagnosis of immune-complex TIN has established; allopurinol was discontinued and steroid treatment begun (1mg/kg/day). The patient required a haemodialysis session. Subsequently, renal function underwent progressive improvement, for which reason a biopsy was not taken. The patient was discharged 10 days later with normal renal function.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Immune-complex TIN is frequent in clinical practice, accounting for 20-40% of cases of CKD and 10-25% of cases of acute renal failure.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> In most cases, immune-complex TIN is caused by medications.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> Its classic triad of a rash, fever and eosinophilia is only present in 10% of all cases.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> Its sure diagnosis is histological,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,5</span> but it was not performed in our case due to the patient’s rapid improvement. The prognosis is good if the medication is discontinued early.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> Debate exists regarding treatment with steroids,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> although numerous studies attest to the role they play in this pathology. In conclusion, we stress the importance of carrying out an exhaustive clinical history so as to be able to make the clinical diagnosis of immune-complex TIN, discontinue the medication in question at an early stage and begin steroid treatment as soon as possible, which seems to improve the patients’ renal prognosis.<br></br><br></br></p>" "pdfFichero" => "P-E-S-A185-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Eknoyan G. Tubulointersticial nephropathies. In: Massry and Glassock´s (eds.). Textbook of Nephrology. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2001." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "McInnes GT, Lawson, DH, Jick H. Acute adverse reactions attributed to allopurinol in hospitalized patients. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40:245. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7247470" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "González E. Early steroid treatment improves the recovery of renal function in patients with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Kidney Int 2008;73(8):940-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185501" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Praga M. Response to ¿Steroid in acute interstitial nephritis¿. Kidney Int 2008;74:972-3." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Baker RJ, Pusey CD. The changing profile of acute tubulointersticial nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19:8." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000002900000003/v0_201502091629/X2013251409004818/v0_201502091629/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35436" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000002900000003/v0_201502091629/X2013251409004818/v0_201502091629/en/P-E-S-A185-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251409004818?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
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