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AA Amyloidosis due to renal cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney
Amiloidosis AA en paciente con hipernefroma sobre riñón en herradura
Rebeca García-Agudoa, M. J.. Moyanoa, J. A.. Milána, S.. Aoufib
a Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Sevilla, España,
b Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Sevilla, España,
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">To the editor&#58;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The development of tumors on horseshoe kidneys is very rare&#46; The most frequent tumor in this setting is the renal cell carcinoma&#44; a genitourinary neoplasm that is commonly accompanied by a paraneoplasic syndrome&#46; Amyloidosis is one of the manifestations of this syndrome&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We present a 69 year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and horseshoe kidney&#44; in which a hypernephroma developed &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46; The disease was diagnosed in another department and the patient was scheduled for surgery&#46; She came to the Emergency Room because of edemas and malaise and she was admitted to the hospital&#46; The laboratory parameters were&#58; hemoglobin 11&#44;1&#46;4 g&#47;dL&#59; normal MCV&#59; prolonged coagulation times&#44; creatinine 4&#46;9 mg&#47;dL&#59; urea 142 mg&#47;dL&#44; total proteins 4&#46;7 g&#47;dL&#59; calcium 8 mg&#47;dL&#44; mild metabolic acidosis&#59; proteinuria &#62; 4 g&#47;24 hours&#44; important hematuria and leukocyturia&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Renal failure and nephrotic syndrome persisted for several weeks&#46; The intervention was postponed for one month because of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation&#46; A right nephrectomy was performed&#44; as the kidney was irrigated by three arteries&#46; A wedge of the healthy kidney was taken for microscopic study&#46; The pathological study confirmed the hypernephroma and disclosed the presence of AA amyloidosis AA in the contralateral kidney&#46; The postoperative course was without complications&#44; but the renal function kept on worsening&#46; A few days later the patient had seizures and the cranial CT scan revealed hyperdense image in the right occipital lobule compatible with hemorrhage&#44; without mass effect&#44; which suggested the presence of an amyloid angiopathy&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The clinical picture evolved with increasing malaise&#44; asthenia&#44; anorexia&#44; continuing vomiting and anemia&#46; The patient presented an episode of melena and an urgent endoscopy was performed&#44; which disclosed esophageal laceration&#44; that was sclerosed with adrenalin&#46; A clinical picture of high fever with pancytopenia developed and Streptococcus was isolated in the blood culture&#46; The patient presented bleeding from a sacral ulceration and the surgical wound and died in a few hours&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The horseshoe kidney is a frequent fusion anomaly&#46; The kidney is irrigated by one renal artery in one third of the cases&#46; In the remaining cases&#44; duplicated or even triplicated renal arteries can be found&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> Although the association with tumors is rare<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44; 3</span> some cases of hypernephroma have been reported&#44; as well as of transitional cell carcinomas&#44; squamous cell carcinoma&#44; Wilms tumors&#44; lymphomas&#44; carcinoid tumors and sarcomas&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44; 5</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">10&#37;-40&#37; of the patients with hypernephroma presents a paraneoplasic syndrome&#44; with unspecific symptoms &#40;fever&#44; asthenia&#44; weight loss&#41; or biochemical and metabolic alterations &#40;hypercalcemia&#44; hepatic dysfunction&#44; hypertension or&#44; like the reported case&#44; amyloidosis&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-10</span> The presence of a paraneoplasic syndrome does not mean that there is metastatic disease and&#44; according to some authors&#44; it does not mean a worse prognosis&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> although that was not the case in our patient&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The treatment of the renal cell carcinoma is always surgical&#44; and consists in partial or total nephrectomy&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span> It is important to be aware of the manifestations of the paraneoplasic syndrome&#44; as they can constitute the clinical picture at presentation or in case of recurrence&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
DOI:
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