Necrotizing fasciitis and acute renal failure in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
Fascitis necrotizante y fracaso renal agudo en glomerulonefritis mesangiocapilar
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A 62 year-old patient had a history of high blood pressure, smoking habit, dyslipidemia, and idiopathic type I mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, with previous serum creatinine levels of 1.9 mg/dL and nephrotic syndrome. Six months earlier, two stents were placed in the right common iliac artery and the right external iliac artery, because of stenosis due to arteriosclerosis. He went to the Emergency Room because of pain and swelling on the right inguinal area. Two hours later, the patient presented great local edema and increasing pain. On CT scan superficial and deep cellulitis, together with myositis at the proximal right thigh and internal compartment, could be seen. Blood analysis revealed leucopoenia (2,680/mm3), serum creatinine levels of 6.2 mg/dL and CK levels of 333. In the following hours, the patient developed septic shock with respiratory distress and acute renal failure, and he was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit. Once the hemodynamic situation was stabilized, the patient underwent urgent fasciotomy with decompression of the medial and anterior compartments. The muscle had a ground-glass appearance, the fascias were enlarged and there was a small amount of gas (fig. 1). Muscular biopsy showed inflammatory infiltrate with marked neutrophilic predominance and the culture yielded E. coli sensitive to piperacillintazobactam and amikacin. Fourteen days later, fasciectomy and debridement of the necrotic ulcer were required, and signs of necrotizing fasciitis were found. At this moment, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sensitive to cotrimoxazol was cultured. The evolution was very slow and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 6 months of in-hospital stay, two of them at the Intensive Care Unit. During the process, the renal function was not recovered and continuous hemodiafiltration and later hemodialysis were required.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Necrotizing fasciitis is an infrequent disease with a rapid onset, in which early diagnosis is paramount. It is characterized by rapid destruction of tissues, toxic systemic signs and high mortality.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> The infection that localizes in subcutaneous tissue progressively destroys the fascia and fat tissue, and sometimes involves the skin. It can occur in immunocompetent people, however the risk is higher in immunosuppressed patients.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> The diagnosis is made by means of a CT scan,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> but if the clinical picture is suspected the surgical intervention should not be delayed.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A survey performed in Ontario in 1997<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> showed that in 71% of the cases at least one underlying chronic condition was present, such as heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, and immunodepression from different causes. The mean age was 57.5 years, with male predominance. Acute renal failure was seen in 35% of the cases, while respiratory distress syndrome was seen in 14%. The global mortality rate was 34%, but was closed to 100% in those patients that were not operated.</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the reported case, as well as in other recently described,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> previous renal failure and alteration of the immunity could have promoted the fasciitis. Surgical intervention in the first 24 hours played a decisive role for the resolution of the clinical picture. In spite of the loss of renal function and the prolonged hospital stay, the patient has currently an acceptable quality of life. </p>" "pdfFichero" => "P-E-S-A518-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Schwartz, MN. Cellulitis and subcutaneous tissue infections. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5º edición, Mandell, Bennett, Dolin,. p. 1037. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, 2000." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Schor N. Acute renal failure and the sepsis síndrome. Kidney Int 2002; 61 (2): 764-76. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11849423" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Kaul R, McGeer A, Low DE. Populationbased surveillance for group A streptococcal necrotizing fascitis: Clinical features, prognostic indicators, and microbiological análisis of seventy-seven cases. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study. Am J Med 1997; 103: 18-24." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Fuggit JB, Puckett ML, Quigley MM, Kerr SM. Necrotizing fasciitis. Radiographics 2004; 24(5): 1472-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371620" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mauro LS, Peloquin CA, Schmude K, Assaly R, Malhotra D. Clearance of linezolid via continuous veovenous hemodiafiltration. 2006; Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47 (6): e83-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731287" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000002800000002/v0_201502091614/X2013251408032940/v0_201502091615/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35436" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000002800000002/v0_201502091614/X2013251408032940/v0_201502091615/en/P-E-S-A518-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251408032940?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
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