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carvedilol 25 mg&#47;12 h&#44; aspirin 100 mg&#47;24 h&#44; amlodipine 5 mg&#47;24 h&#44; isosorbide <br></br>dinitrate 20 mg&#47;8 h&#44; and simvastatin 20 mg&#47;24 h&#46; <br></br><br></br>The patient reported to the Emergency Service with right-flank abdominal pain irradiating to the hypogastrium&#44; <br></br>and accompanied by vomiting and fever&#46; Physical examination revealed positive right-side fist-percussion as <br></br>sole significant finding&#46; The emergency complementary tests showed creatinine 4 mg&#47;dl&#44; leukocytosis &#40;16&#44;000&#47;&#956;l&#41; and urine sediment with leukocyturia&#46; The chest and abdominal X-rays showed no anomalies&#46; The study was completed with abdominal ultrasound&#44; which revealed an enlarged right &#40;15 cm&#41; &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41; and left kidney &#40;14&#46;5 cm&#41; &#191; the latter organ also showing two cortical cysts&#46; Based on the above data&#44; admission to the Nephrology ward was decided&#44; and a more complete evaluation with laboratory tests was made &#191; the immune and tumor marker parameters proving negative&#46; The blood and urine cultures were also negative&#46; Fluid therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was prescribed&#44; resulting in clinical and analytical improvement &#40;creatinine 1&#46;6 mg&#47;dl&#41;&#59; hospital discharge was thus decided&#46; The patient was posteriorly readmitted with this same clinical presentation on two further occasions&#44; with the clinical diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis refractory to medical treatment&#46; During the admissions&#44; the study was completed with blood cultures&#44; urine cultures&#44; and gallium gammagraphy&#46; In view of the persistence of the bilateral nephromegaly&#44; the possibility of amyloidosis was discarded by a rectal and abdominal adipose tissue biopsy&#44; which proved negative&#46; Tuberculosis was likewise ruled out by negative Mantoux tests and specific cultures&#46; A bone marrow aspirate to evaluate possible myeloma was also negative&#46; Thus&#44; due to the suspicion of disease circumscribed to the kidneys&#44; a renal biopsy was performed&#44; revealing a diffuse interstitial inflammatory infiltrate composed of T lymphocytes&#44; numerous plasma cells and few &#946; lymphocytes&#46; These findings were compatible with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis&#44; as a result of which treatment with prednisone was started&#46; <br></br><br></br>DISCUSSION <br></br><br></br>The quinolones are broad spectrum antibiotics that are easy to use and which possess absorption and bioavailability <br></br>characteristics that make them one of the most widely used antibiotic groups&#46; In this group it has been shown that ciprofloxacin3 is able to cause acute tubulointerstitial nephritis&#44; and there are also isolated reports implicating the rest of the drugs belonging to this same group&#46; Levofloxacin is a third-generation quinolone with a broad spectrum <br></br>of action and with the same side effects as the rest of the quinolones&#46; Its association to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is very infrequent&#59; a Medline search spanning the period between 1998 and March 2008 revealed only four <br></br>cases of renal failure induced by levofloxacin4- 7&#44; and none of them were accompanied by nephromegaly&#46; <br></br><br></br>Our case represented a diagnostic challenge due to the suspicion of acute pyelonephritis during the entire clinical <br></br>course&#46; Only in the light of the torpid evolution of events did we attempt to rule out other possible etiologies characterized by large kidney&#44; renal failure and fever&#46; Thus&#44; having discarded hereditary causes of nephromegaly&#44; we evaluated non-hereditary disorders such as amyloidosis&#44; Gaucher&#191;s disease&#44; mycoses&#44; tuberculosis&#44; AIDS&#44; renal oncocytomatosis&#44; angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia&#44; myeloma&#44; primary renal lymphoma&#44; secondary renal lymphoma and acute leukemia&#46;8 After ruling out some of these etiologies from the start&#44; we examined the more plausible possibilities such as lymphoma&#44; leukemia&#44; myeloma&#44; tuberculosis and amyloidosis&#46; Since positive results were not obtained&#44; a renal biopsy was decided&#44; which revealed the above mentioned alterations&#46; After corticoid <br></br>therapy with initial doses of 60 mg&#47;kg of prednisone followed by slow withdrawal&#44; kidney function was seen to normalize&#44; with a reduction in kidney size &#40;right 12&#46;6 cm and left 13 cm&#41;&#44; on occasion of the last ultrasound control &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46; <br></br>"
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        "resumen" => "Sr Editor&#58; La nefritis tubulointerticial fue descrita por Councilman1 en 1898&#46; Es una entidad cl&#237;nico-patol&#243;gica poco frecuente &#44; se estima una incidencia de 8-14&#37;&#44; en los pacientes biopsiados por Insuficiencia Renal Aguda de causa no aclarada2&#46; Las causas desencadenantes de esta enfermedad son las neoplasias&#44; los f&#225;rmacos y las infecciones&#46; Presentamos el caso cl&#237;nico de un paciente que debut&#243; con nefritis tubulointerticial aguda y nefromegalia&#44; secundario a levofloxacino&#46; "
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Large kidney due to levofloxacin
Nefromegalia por levofloxacino
Jesus Javier Castellanos Monederoa, Jose Luis Rodriguez Garciaa, Minerba Arambarri Segurab, Agustin Carreño Parrillab, Julia Blancoc
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad-Real, España,
b Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General de Ciudad-Real, Ciudad-Real, Ciudad-Real, España,
c Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Madrid, España,
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carvedilol 25 mg&#47;12 h&#44; aspirin 100 mg&#47;24 h&#44; amlodipine 5 mg&#47;24 h&#44; isosorbide <br></br>dinitrate 20 mg&#47;8 h&#44; and simvastatin 20 mg&#47;24 h&#46; <br></br><br></br>The patient reported to the Emergency Service with right-flank abdominal pain irradiating to the hypogastrium&#44; <br></br>and accompanied by vomiting and fever&#46; Physical examination revealed positive right-side fist-percussion as <br></br>sole significant finding&#46; The emergency complementary tests showed creatinine 4 mg&#47;dl&#44; leukocytosis &#40;16&#44;000&#47;&#956;l&#41; and urine sediment with leukocyturia&#46; The chest and abdominal X-rays showed no anomalies&#46; The study was completed with abdominal ultrasound&#44; which revealed an enlarged right &#40;15 cm&#41; &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41; and left kidney &#40;14&#46;5 cm&#41; &#191; the latter organ also showing two cortical cysts&#46; Based on the above data&#44; admission to the Nephrology ward was decided&#44; and a more complete evaluation with laboratory tests was made &#191; the immune and tumor marker parameters proving negative&#46; The blood and urine cultures were also negative&#46; Fluid therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was prescribed&#44; resulting in clinical and analytical improvement &#40;creatinine 1&#46;6 mg&#47;dl&#41;&#59; hospital discharge was thus decided&#46; The patient was posteriorly readmitted with this same clinical presentation on two further occasions&#44; with the clinical diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis refractory to medical treatment&#46; During the admissions&#44; the study was completed with blood cultures&#44; urine cultures&#44; and gallium gammagraphy&#46; In view of the persistence of the bilateral nephromegaly&#44; the possibility of amyloidosis was discarded by a rectal and abdominal adipose tissue biopsy&#44; which proved negative&#46; Tuberculosis was likewise ruled out by negative Mantoux tests and specific cultures&#46; A bone marrow aspirate to evaluate possible myeloma was also negative&#46; Thus&#44; due to the suspicion of disease circumscribed to the kidneys&#44; a renal biopsy was performed&#44; revealing a diffuse interstitial inflammatory infiltrate composed of T lymphocytes&#44; numerous plasma cells and few &#946; lymphocytes&#46; These findings were compatible with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis&#44; as a result of which treatment with prednisone was started&#46; <br></br><br></br>DISCUSSION <br></br><br></br>The quinolones are broad spectrum antibiotics that are easy to use and which possess absorption and bioavailability <br></br>characteristics that make them one of the most widely used antibiotic groups&#46; In this group it has been shown that ciprofloxacin3 is able to cause acute tubulointerstitial nephritis&#44; and there are also isolated reports implicating the rest of the drugs belonging to this same group&#46; Levofloxacin is a third-generation quinolone with a broad spectrum <br></br>of action and with the same side effects as the rest of the quinolones&#46; Its association to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is very infrequent&#59; a Medline search spanning the period between 1998 and March 2008 revealed only four <br></br>cases of renal failure induced by levofloxacin4- 7&#44; and none of them were accompanied by nephromegaly&#46; <br></br><br></br>Our case represented a diagnostic challenge due to the suspicion of acute pyelonephritis during the entire clinical <br></br>course&#46; Only in the light of the torpid evolution of events did we attempt to rule out other possible etiologies characterized by large kidney&#44; renal failure and fever&#46; Thus&#44; having discarded hereditary causes of nephromegaly&#44; we evaluated non-hereditary disorders such as amyloidosis&#44; Gaucher&#191;s disease&#44; mycoses&#44; tuberculosis&#44; AIDS&#44; renal oncocytomatosis&#44; angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia&#44; myeloma&#44; primary renal lymphoma&#44; secondary renal lymphoma and acute leukemia&#46;8 After ruling out some of these etiologies from the start&#44; we examined the more plausible possibilities such as lymphoma&#44; leukemia&#44; myeloma&#44; tuberculosis and amyloidosis&#46; Since positive results were not obtained&#44; a renal biopsy was decided&#44; which revealed the above mentioned alterations&#46; After corticoid <br></br>therapy with initial doses of 60 mg&#47;kg of prednisone followed by slow withdrawal&#44; kidney function was seen to normalize&#44; with a reduction in kidney size &#40;right 12&#46;6 cm and left 13 cm&#41;&#44; on occasion of the last ultrasound control &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46; <br></br>"
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ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
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Idiomas
Nefrología (English Edition)