Usefulness of prolonged haemodialysis in acute methanol poisoning
Utilidad de la hemodiálisis prolongada en el tratamiento de la intoxicación aguda por metanol
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Nefrología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario de Guadalalara, Universidad de Alcalá Madrid, Madrid, España, " "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Utilidad de la hemodiálisis prolongada en el tratamiento de la intoxicación aguda por metanol" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "To the editor: The case of a patient with severe methanol and toluene poisoning has been recently published in <br></br>Nefrología.1 We have treated a patient with severe methanol poisoning and we want to emphasize the importance of prolonged haemodialysis in its treatment. <br></br><br></br>CASE REPORT <br></br><br></br>This was a 40-year-old male patient who was brought into the Emergency Department after suffering frfom severe <br></br>headache, dizziness, irritability and incoherent language. According to the family, the patient had chronic alcoholism although he had not had any alcohol in the last 3 days. In the emergency room, there was deterioration in level of consciousness with progressive coma, so the patient was admitted to the ICU where orotracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation was used. <br></br><br></br>Laboratory analysis on admission showed an arterial blood gas with a pH of 6.98, PO2 96, PCO2 31, and bicarbonate <br></br>4.9 mEq/l. Plasma creatinine was 1/53 mg/dl, BUN 33 mg/dl, sodium 135 mEq/l, potassium 6.2 mEq/l, chloride 102 mEq/l, haemoglobin 16 g/dl, glucose 198 mg/dl, serum osmolarity 421 mOsm/kg and lactic acid 10.5 mmol/l. A head CT did not reveal any visible parenchymal or signs of cerebral haemorrhage. <br></br><br></br>After questioning the family again, the possibility that the patient had consumed approximately half a litre of methanol was mentioned. <br></br><br></br>Treatment was initiated with pyridoxine, thiamine, nalaxone, tiapride, flumazenil, sodium bicarbonate, inotropics and intravenous ethanol. Haemodialysis began approximately 3 hours after admission to ICU. A highpermeability 2.1 m2 surface area polysulfone membrane and a bicarbonate bath for 7 hours was used with blood flow at 300 ml/min. Unfortunately, despite continuing inotropics and highdose bicarbonate, the patient suffered from severe haemodynamic instability. Due to the persistent deep coma without response to stimuli, brain CT was repeated and demonstrated cerebral oedema and signs of transtentorial herniation that did not respond to treatment. Faced with a situation of brain death, authorisation for organ donation was requested and was given. <br></br><br></br>Later, the methanol levels from before haemodialysis (1,793 mg/l) and afterwards (173.4 mg/dl) were made <br></br>available. <br></br><br></br>DISCUSSION <br></br><br></br>Acute methanol poisoning should be suspected in all patients with metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap, neurological deterioration or vision loss.2-4 Although methanol does not cause significant direct intoxication, it is transformed by the liver to formaldehyde and formic acid with leads to metabolic acidosis and cases damage to all levels of the brain and the optic nerve.2-4 Mortality from methanol poisoning is high. In a recent study, it has been established that it is much greater in patients with a blood pH below 7, coma upon admission, delay in seeking medical care and elevated plasma methanol levels.5,6 Treatment is based on inhibition of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, correction of metabolic acidosis and elimination of toxic metabolites by dialysis. Enzyme <br></br>inhibition can be achieved with fomepizole or, when this is not immediately available, with ethanol.7 Finally, <br></br>haemodialysis with high-permeability membranes at a high flow rate for a prolonged period is capable of reducing <br></br>methanol levels as occurred in our patient.8 <br></br><br></br>Unfortunately, many cases lead to brain death and are potential multiorgan donors, given that many publications <br></br>have demonstrated that the viability of the organs is adequate.9 " "pdfFichero" => "P-E-S-A349-EN.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "Sr Director, Recientemente se ha publicado en Nefrología un caso de un paciente con intoxicación grave por metanol y tolueno (1). Nosotros hemos tratado a un paciente con una intoxicación severa por metanol y queremos insistir en la utilidad de la hemodiálisis prolongada en el tratamiento de la misma. " ] "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "To the editor: The case of a patient with severe methanol and toluene poisoning has been recently published in Nefrología.1 We have treated a patient with severe methanol poisoning and we want to emphasize the importance of prolonged haemodialysis in its treatment." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "BIBLIOGRAFÍA." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Santana L, García Cantón C, Martínez Cuéllar S, Sánchez Palacios M. Intoxicación grave por metanol y tolueno: a propósito de un caso. Nefrología. 2007;27(4):517-8. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17944594" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Hovda KE, Hunderi OH, Rudberg N, Froyshov S, Jacobsen D. Anion and osmolal gaps in the diagnosis of methanol poisoning: clinical study in 28 patients. Intensive Care Med. 2004 Sep;30(9):1842-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241587" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Hovda KE, Hunderi OH, Tafjord AB, Dunlop O, Rudberg N, Jacobsen D. Methanol outbreak in Norway 2002-2004: epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic signs. J Intern Med. 2005 Aug;258(2):181-90. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16018795" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Sefidbakht S, Rasekhi AR, Kamali K, Borhani Haghighi A, Salooti A, Meshksar A, et al. Methanol poisoning: acute MR and CT findings in nine patients. Neuroradiology. 2007 May;49(5):427-35. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17294234" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Pajoumand A, Dadgar SM, Shadnia S. Prognostic factors in methanol poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007 Jul;26(7):583-6. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17884962" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Paasma R, Hovda KE, Tikkerberi A, Jacobsen D. Methanol mass poisoning in Estonia: outbreak in 154 patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(2):152-7." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mycyk MB, DesLauriers C, Metz J, Wills B, Mazor SS. Compliance with poison center fomepizole recommendations is suboptimal in cases of toxic alcohol poisoning. Am J Ther. 2006 Nov-Dec;13(6):485-9. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17122528" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:1 [ "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109711002786" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Hunderi OH, Hovda KE, Jacobsen D. Use of the osmolal gap to guide the start and duration of dialysis in methanol poisoning. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2006;40(1):70-4. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452060" target="_blank">[Pubmed]</a>" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mora-Ordóñez JM, Martín D, Curiel Balsera E, Muñoz Bono J. Intoxicación mortal por metanol: donante de órganos. Med Clin. 2008;130(1):37-9." "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => null ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000002800000006/v0_201502091634/X2013251408004319/v0_201502091634/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35436" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000002800000006/v0_201502091634/X2013251408004319/v0_201502091634/en/P-E-S-A349-EN.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X2013251408004319?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
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