Letter to the Editor
Chronic kidney disease is associated with worse outcomes following SARS-CoV2 infection among 18647 patients: A population-based cohort study
La enfermedad renal crónica se asocia con peores resultados después de la infección por SARS CoV2 entre 18647 pacientes: estudio de cohorte basado en la población
a Intensive Care Unit, São Francisco Xavier Hospital, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
b Nephrology Department, Santa Cruz Hospital, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
c Intensive Care Unit, Curry Cabral Hospital, Central Lisbon University Hospital Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal
Read
1973
Timeswas read the article
816
Total PDF
1157
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2013251422000633" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.11.015" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "821" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Nefrología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2022;42:360-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0211699521001466" "issn" => "02116995" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefro.2021.07.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "921" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Nefrología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Nefrologia. 2022;42:280-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Revisión</span>" "titulo" => "Contribución de variantes funcionales y cuantitativas del Factor H y las proteínas FHRs <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Factor H-Related proteins)</span> del Complemento en patología renal" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "280" "paginaFinal" => "289" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Contribution of functional and quantitative genetic variants of Complement Factor H and Factor H-Related (FHR) proteins on renal pathology" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2183 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 385586 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Activación y Regulación del Complemento</p> <p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El Complemento es un sistema autorregulado cuya piedra angular es la activación proteolítica del componente C3. 1) La hidrólisis espontánea de algunas moléculas de C3 conduce a la activación basal de la Vía Alternativa (VA). 2) El Complemento puede activarse de forma más intensa a través de la Vía Clásica (VC) y de la Vía de las Lectinas (VL), cuando los componentes C1q o MBL/Ficolinas reconocen complejos antígeno-anticuerpo solubles, o moléculas de carbohidratos presentes en determinadas superficies (células propias dañadas o microorganismos). Esta activación conduce a la formación de una Convertasa de C3 (C4bC2b), que escinde el C3 en los fragmentos C3b y C3a. 3) La generación de C3b da lugar a otra Convertasa de C3 (C3bBb) y a la amplificación de la activación basal de la VA, que se convierte entonces en el mecanismo más eficaz de activación del Complemento. 4) El siguiente paso es la activación del componente C5, generando los fragmentos C5b y C5a. 5) La última etapa es la denominada Vía Lítica, que da lugar a la formación de un complejo multimolecular (MAC, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Membrane Attack Complex</span>) que se inserta en la membrana de la superficie activadora y forma poros que la lisan por desequilibrio osmótico. 6) El proceso de activación del Complemento está regulado en todas sus etapas por múltiples proteínas (representadas en color rojo) que evitan que se active sobre nuestras propias células y tejidos; la regulación de la VA depende en gran medida del regulador Factor H y de su isoforma FHL-1. El rol preciso de las proteínas FHR (homólogas estructurales de FH) en el proceso de activación-regulación del Complemento no se conoce en detalle. Para la nomenclatura del Complemento ver las referencias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49,50</span></a>.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Irene Gómez Delgado, Pilar Sánchez-Corral" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Irene" "apellidos" => "Gómez Delgado" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pilar" "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Corral" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S201325142200092X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.09.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S201325142200092X?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0211699521001466?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/02116995/0000004200000003/v3_202305301317/S0211699521001466/v3_202305301317/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2013251422000876" "issn" => "20132514" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.08.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "823" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Nefrología" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Nefrologia (English Version). 2022;42:359-60" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "SARS-CoV-2 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus</span> pneumonia in kidney transplantation: More frequent than we think?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "359" "paginaFinal" => "360" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Neumonía por SARS-COV-2 y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus</span> en trasplante renal: ¿más frecuente de lo que pensamos?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Leónidas Luis Cruzado Vega, Alba Santos García" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Leónidas Luis" "apellidos" => "Cruzado Vega" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alba" "apellidos" => "Santos García" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0211699521000114" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0211699521000114?idApp=UINPBA000064" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2013251422000876?idApp=UINPBA000064" "url" => "/20132514/0000004200000003/v2_202210261748/S2013251422000876/v2_202210261748/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Chronic kidney disease is associated with worse outcomes following SARS-CoV2 infection among 18647 patients: A population-based cohort study" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "360" "paginaFinal" => "362" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Pedro Fidalgo, Rita Veríssimo, Filipe S. Cardoso" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "Fidalgo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "pedrofidalgo.com@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rita" "apellidos" => "Veríssimo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Filipe" "apellidos" => "S. Cardoso" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Intensive Care Unit, São Francisco Xavier Hospital, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Nephrology Department, Santa Cruz Hospital, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Intensive Care Unit, Curry Cabral Hospital, Central Lisbon University Hospital Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La enfermedad renal crónica se asocia con peores resultados después de la infección por SARS CoV2 entre 18647 pacientes: estudio de cohorte basado en la población" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic cases to those who develop acute-respiratory distress syndrome and require intensive care unit (ICU) admission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies have identified chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a risk factor for severe outcomes following SARS-CoV2 infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This observation derives from data from small cohorts of hospitalized patients mainly from China<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–7</span></a> and a UK cross-sectional survey describing 16,749 patients hospitalized with COVID-19.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Recently, the largest nationwide cohort study describing the impact of clinical risk factors on COVID-19 related deaths has been published and reports the negative impact of CKD on mortality among an unselected population of cases with COVID-19.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Whether the same association is observed among non-hospitalized patients from different regions is yet to be confirmed. We aimed to determine the modifying impact of CKD among a Portuguese nationwide cohort of cases of SARS-CoV2 infection, including those with and without hospitalization.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a retrospective analysis from a nationwide prospective registry, including all confirmed (nasal/pharynx swab real-time polymerase chain reaction) cases of SARS-CoV2 infection notified to the Directorate-General of Health from March 02 until April 21, 2020, in Portugal. The country (population of 10.6 million inhabitants) has been using the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) to capture cases of SARS-CoV2 infection occurring nationally (25 administrative regions, 100 hospitals, and 357 primary care centres) since January 01, 2020. CKD was defined according to the physician who notified the case of SARS-CoV2 infection.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall, 18,647 cases were included in our analyses, following exclusion of 1623 (8.0%) cases without hospital admission status and 23 (0.1%) cases without outcome status. Among all cases, median (IQR) age was 50 (36–66) years (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Male sex accounted for 7701 (41.3%) of all cases. While 15,651 (83.9%) cases did not have any comorbidity, the remainder of cases had the following number of comorbidities: one in 2213 (11.9%) cases, 2 in 600 (3.2%) cases, and ≥3 in 183 (1.0%) cases. Median (IQR) follow-up was 27 (19–33) days. Peak ICU bed occupancy rate occurred on April 06 (58.1% of national standard official capacity). Median (IQR) time from symptoms onset to hospital admission was 4 (2–7) days. Overall, 2952 (15.8%) or 258 (1.4%) cases required hospital or ICU admission, respectively. All-cause mortality occurred in 456 (2.4%) cases. There were 687 (3.7%) cases admitted to the ICU or deceased.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cases with CKD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>383; 2.1%) had higher median (IQR) age [78 (70–86) vs. 50 (35–65) years; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001), were more frequently men (58.0% vs. 40.9%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) and had higher burden of disease (any comorbidity 100% vs. 14.3%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) compared to those without CKD.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All types of comorbidities were more frequently reported in cases with CKD compared to those without CKD (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cases with CKD had higher odds of hospital admission [OR 14.4 95%CI (11.5–18.1)], ICU admission [OR 7.9 95%CI (5.4–11.4)], mortality [OR 16.4 95%CI (12.7–21.1)] and composite endpoint of mortality or ICU admission [OR 14.0 95%CI (11.1–17.7)] compared to cases without CKD. In multivariable analysis with logistic regression, only higher age [aOR (95%CI) 1.02 (1.01–1.04), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01] was associated with higher risk of death or ICU admission among the population with CKD, irrespective of gender [male gender aOR 1.07 (0.69–1.68), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.76] or number of comorbidities [≥2 vs. 1 (ref) aOR 1.21 (0.76–1.92), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.42]. Interestingly, median (IQR) age (years) of cases with CKD [78 (70–86)] was similar to cases that were admitted to the ICU or died [80 (69–87)] among the entire population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The interpretation of our findings should consider the following limitations. Firstly, the absence of a prespecified definition of CKD or serum creatinine measurements might have excluded from our analysis patients with earlier stages of the disease and interfered with the measurement of the strength of the association between CKD and clinical outcomes. However, the standardized national electronic reporting system through SINAVE has likely minimized such limitation. Secondly, we reported no laboratory data to characterize SARS-CoV2 infection among CKD cases because the majority of cases were not admitted to the hospital. While we recognize their importance to predict worse outcomes among hospitalized cases, the performance of the model previously published by our group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> strongly suggests that demographics and chronic conditions greatly impact clinical outcomes, irrespective of acute disease severity and its specific management strategies.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among cases with SARS-CoV2 infection at an early phase of the epidemic in Portugal CKD was associated with worse outcomes. Age seems to be the only demographic risk factor associated with worse outcomes. These findings may inform health policies designed to protect this specific subgroup of the population, especially while measures of containment are being eased in many countries.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IQR: interquartile range. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. ICU: intensive care unit.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) or median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Overall (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18,647) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CKD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>383) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No CKD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18,264) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age (years)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 (36–66) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">78 (70–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 (35–65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex (male)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7701 (41.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">222 (58.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7479 (40.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Number of comorbidities</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15,651 (83.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15,651 (85.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2213 (11.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">155 (40.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2058 (11.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">600 (3.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">138 (36.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">462 (2.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">183 (1.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90 (23.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 (0.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Types of comorbidities</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes mellitus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1056 (5.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">101 (26.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">955 (5.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">841 (4.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64 (16.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">777 (4.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurological/muscular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">730 (3.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 (19.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">655 (3.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Malignancy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">568 (3.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 (11.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">524 (2.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiovascular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 (0.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (6.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (0.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Haematological \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">201 (1.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (8.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">170 (0.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Liver \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">102 (0.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (4.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 (0.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HIV infection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99 (0.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (3.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84 (0.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital admission</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2952 (15.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">273 (71.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2679 (14.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICU admission</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">258 (1.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (8.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">224 (1.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">456 (2.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95 (24.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">361 (2.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time from symptoms onset to hospital admission (days) (n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">=</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1910)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2–7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (1–7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2–7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.856 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Chi-square (categorical variables) or Mann–Whitney (continuous variables) tests (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics stratified by the presence of chronic kidney disease.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort studyJT Lancet" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Zhou" 1 => "T. Yu" 2 => "R. Du" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "395" "paginaInicial" => "1038" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "W.J. Guan" 1 => "Z.Y. Ni" 2 => "Y. Hu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa2002032" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "382" "paginaInicial" => "1708" "paginaFinal" => "1720" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32109013" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016508509015741" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165085" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.M. Henry" 1 => "G. Lippi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11255-020-02451-9" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Urol Nephrol" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "1193" "paginaFinal" => "1194" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32222883" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673618302071" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Y. Liu" 1 => "Y. Yang" 2 => "C. Zhang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11427-020-1643-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sci China Life Sci" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "364" "paginaFinal" => "374" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048163" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D. Wang" 1 => "B. Hu" 2 => "C. Hu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2020.1585" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "323" "paginaInicial" => "1061" "paginaFinal" => "1069" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32031570" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0168827816000180" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01688278" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.-J. Zhang" 1 => "X. Dong" 2 => "Y.-Y. Cao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/all.14238" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "75" "paginaInicial" => "1730" "paginaFinal" => "1741" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32077115" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Y. Cheng" 1 => "R. Luo" 2 => "K. Wang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Kidney Int" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "829" "paginaFinal" => "838" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32247631" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0168827818302150" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01688278" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.B. Docherty" 1 => "E.M. Harrison" 2 => "C.A. Green" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1101/2 020.04.23.20076042" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "medRxiv" "fecha" => "2020" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0168827819305926" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01688278" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E.J. Williamson" 1 => "A.J. Walker" 2 => "K. Bhaskaran" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nature" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Age, sex, and comorbidities predict ICU admission or mortality in cases with SARS-CoV2 infection: a population-based cohort study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "F.S. Cardoso" 1 => "A.L. Papoila" 2 => "R.S. Machado" 3 => "P. Fidalgo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s13054-020-03173-1" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "465" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32723347" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/20132514/0000004200000003/v2_202210261748/S2013251422000633/v2_202210261748/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "35436" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/20132514/0000004200000003/v2_202210261748/S2013251422000633/v2_202210261748/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000064&text.app=https://revistanefrologia.com/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2013251422000633?idApp=UINPBA000064" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2024 October | 74 | 40 | 114 |
| 2024 September | 62 | 29 | 91 |
| 2024 August | 69 | 60 | 129 |
| 2024 July | 49 | 31 | 80 |
| 2024 June | 58 | 39 | 97 |
| 2024 May | 59 | 30 | 89 |
| 2024 April | 89 | 32 | 121 |
| 2024 March | 68 | 28 | 96 |
| 2024 February | 64 | 36 | 100 |
| 2024 January | 49 | 17 | 66 |
| 2023 December | 36 | 20 | 56 |
| 2023 November | 28 | 32 | 60 |
| 2023 October | 41 | 26 | 67 |
| 2023 September | 33 | 30 | 63 |
| 2023 August | 11 | 17 | 28 |
| 2023 July | 32 | 26 | 58 |
| 2023 June | 30 | 24 | 54 |
| 2023 May | 34 | 29 | 63 |
| 2023 April | 23 | 30 | 53 |
| 2023 March | 31 | 13 | 44 |
| 2023 February | 30 | 25 | 55 |
| 2023 January | 27 | 35 | 62 |
| 2022 December | 50 | 40 | 90 |
| 2022 November | 46 | 51 | 97 |
| 2022 October | 50 | 70 | 120 |
Show all
