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glomerular filtration rate &#8804;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#44; measured by 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urinary creatinine clearance&#44; both sexes&#44; and those older than 18 years&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Controls&#58;</span> patients without CKD&#44; glomerular filtration rate &#8805;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min measured by the Cockcroft&#8211;Gault formula on 2 different occasions and confirmed by a 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urinary creatinine&#44; both sexes&#44; and those older than 18 years&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exclusion criteria were pregnancy and other causes of proteinuria&#46; Patients with incomplete histories were not included&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cases were chosen using simple random sampling&#44; and controls were chosen by non-probability quota sampling&#46; The risk factors established by the Spanish agreement Document for CKD susceptibility&#44; onset&#44; and progression were taken into account for the analysis&#44; and only those that reached statistical significance were included in the model&#46; The variables of sex and age were not included&#44; because they were part of the formula used to estimate glomerular filtration rate&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Chi-square test was used to estimate the risk of odds ratio &#40;OR&#41;&#46; Logistic regression analysis was used to construct the model&#44; with a method of progressive inclusion of variables&#44; including those that reached statistical significance&#44; with a 95&#37; confidence level&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A probability risk analysis was performed&#44; based on the frequency of CKD with different combinations of the variables that were found to be significant risk factors&#44; expressed as percentages&#46; The formula 1&#47;&#40;1&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span>&#41; was used for this calculation&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The risk factors that could be used&#44; due to their strong association&#44; to create the model were urological diseases&#44; systemic hypertension &#40;HTN&#41;&#44; hyperuricaemia&#44; and use of nephrotoxic drugs&#46; Nephrotoxic drugs had the strongest association &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; According to this model&#44; there is a 99&#46;9&#37; probability of developing CKD if a patient has all 4 risk factors&#46; If a patient has a urological disease and uses long-term nephrotoxic drugs&#44; the probability is 92&#46;8&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the factors that lead to CDK<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;5</span></a> are widely studied&#44; the fact is that prevention of CKD onset and progression has not been achieved&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Therefore&#44; studies that allow the construction of practical predictive models adjusted to specific populations are of great relevance&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this discussion&#44; we cannot ignore the use of nephrotoxic drug&#59; the probability of developing CKD with this risk factor alone is 49&#46;9&#37;&#59; this is a preventable factor in any population&#46; It must be mentioned that this rate is high due to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs &#40;NSAIDs&#41;&#46; This is similar to what author authors have found&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this model&#44; urological disease was considered a significant risk factor&#44; with a probability of 43&#46;7&#37;&#46; Prostatic enlargement was the most common disease&#46; In the Mexican population&#44; late detection of prostatic enlargement is common&#44; often due to men&#39;s fear of exposing their privacy during the clinical examination&#46; This can lead to complications such as CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Mexico&#44; the leading reason for consultation in primary care is HTN&#44; and&#44; according to the proposed model&#44; there is a 34&#46;8&#37; probability of developing CKD with this factor alone&#46; Likewise&#44; the strict monitoring of uric acid levels and their timely control must not be abandoned&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the model that predicted the highest probability of developing CKD was that which included urological diseases&#44; HTN&#44; hyperuricaemia&#44; and the use of nephrotoxic drugs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We acknowledge the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&#237;a</span> &#40;CONACYT&#41;</span> &#40;National Council of Science and Technology&#41;&#44; through the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnolog&#237;a del Estado de Quer&#233;taro</span> &#40;CONCYTEQ&#41;</span> &#40;Council of Science and Technology of Quer&#233;taro State&#41; and the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">Quer&#233;taro State Government</span> for the support provided by the joint fund &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs3">QRO-2011-CO2-175384</span>&#41;&#44; and the support of <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs4">FORDECy</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs4">193512</span>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Gallardo Vidal LS&#44; Rodr&#237;guez M&#233;ndez AJ&#44; Burgos Ochoa M&#44; Mart&#237;nez Mart&#237;nez ML&#44; Garc&#237;a Sol&#237;s P&#44; Villagr&#225;n Herrera ME&#44; et al&#46; Utilidad de un modelo de predicci&#243;n para la enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica en una unidad de primer nivel de atenci&#243;n&#46; Nefrologia&#46; 2016&#59;36&#58;196&#8211;198&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HTN&#44; systemic hypertension&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis included a Chi-square test and the calculation of the multiple logistic regression model&#44; with a 95&#37; confidence interval&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Chi-square</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">151&#46;04</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&#46;000</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coefficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Statistic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Significance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Constant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;16&#46;116&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urological disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;561&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;509&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HTN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;931&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Use of nephrotoxic drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;811&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;790&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hyperuricaemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;908&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;318&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis included the calculation of the multiple logistic regression model and&#44; later&#44; the estimation of the probability of developing chronic kidney disease using the formula 1&#47;&#40;1&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Probability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Urological disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Systemic hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Nephrotoxic drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Hyperuricaemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">89&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Letter to the Editor
Utility of a predictive model for chronic kidney disease in level 1 medical care
Utilidad de un modelo de predicción para la enfermedad renal crónica en una unidad de primer nivel de atención
Lilia Susana Gallardo Vidala,
Corresponding author
, Adriana Jheny Rodríguez Méndezb, Mariana Burgos Ochoac, Martha Leticia Martínez Martínezb, Pablo García Solísa, Maria Elena Villagrán Herreraa, Ana María Pérez Bazaa
a Unidad de Medicina Familiar N.°13, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
c Unidad de Medicina Familiar N.°14, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., Mexico
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 2014 Spanish agreement Document for the Detection and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease &#40;CKD&#41; recommended that&#44; in people with risk factors for development of and progression of CKD&#44; the doctor should take certain preventive measure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite these recommendations&#44; the prevalence of CKD continues to rise&#46; In Mexico&#44; one of the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of CKD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> there was an increase from 394 to 986 &#40;patient per million&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm from 2003 to 2007&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To help primary care physicians to monitor groups at risk&#44; a model was constructed to predict probability of developing CKD&#44; depending on the different combinations of risk factors that can be detected in a family medicine clinic&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a case&#8211;control study of patients treated in a primary care unit of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social</span> &#40;Mexican Social Security Institute&#41;&#44; Quer&#233;taro&#44; Mexico&#44; in 2013&#46; The sample size was calculated using the formula for two proportion&#44; with a significance level of 95&#37;&#44; test power 80&#37;&#44; OR 2&#46;2&#44; considering a 1&#58;1 ratio of patients with CKD for unpaired data &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100 for each group&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Definition of groups</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cases&#58;</span> patients diagnosed with CKD by the renal department&#44; glomerular filtration rate &#8804;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#44; measured by 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urinary creatinine clearance&#44; both sexes&#44; and those older than 18 years&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Controls&#58;</span> patients without CKD&#44; glomerular filtration rate &#8805;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min measured by the Cockcroft&#8211;Gault formula on 2 different occasions and confirmed by a 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urinary creatinine&#44; both sexes&#44; and those older than 18 years&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exclusion criteria were pregnancy and other causes of proteinuria&#46; Patients with incomplete histories were not included&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cases were chosen using simple random sampling&#44; and controls were chosen by non-probability quota sampling&#46; The risk factors established by the Spanish agreement Document for CKD susceptibility&#44; onset&#44; and progression were taken into account for the analysis&#44; and only those that reached statistical significance were included in the model&#46; The variables of sex and age were not included&#44; because they were part of the formula used to estimate glomerular filtration rate&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Chi-square test was used to estimate the risk of odds ratio &#40;OR&#41;&#46; Logistic regression analysis was used to construct the model&#44; with a method of progressive inclusion of variables&#44; including those that reached statistical significance&#44; with a 95&#37; confidence level&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A probability risk analysis was performed&#44; based on the frequency of CKD with different combinations of the variables that were found to be significant risk factors&#44; expressed as percentages&#46; The formula 1&#47;&#40;1&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span>&#41; was used for this calculation&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The risk factors that could be used&#44; due to their strong association&#44; to create the model were urological diseases&#44; systemic hypertension &#40;HTN&#41;&#44; hyperuricaemia&#44; and use of nephrotoxic drugs&#46; Nephrotoxic drugs had the strongest association &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; According to this model&#44; there is a 99&#46;9&#37; probability of developing CKD if a patient has all 4 risk factors&#46; If a patient has a urological disease and uses long-term nephrotoxic drugs&#44; the probability is 92&#46;8&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the factors that lead to CDK<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;5</span></a> are widely studied&#44; the fact is that prevention of CKD onset and progression has not been achieved&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Therefore&#44; studies that allow the construction of practical predictive models adjusted to specific populations are of great relevance&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this discussion&#44; we cannot ignore the use of nephrotoxic drug&#59; the probability of developing CKD with this risk factor alone is 49&#46;9&#37;&#59; this is a preventable factor in any population&#46; It must be mentioned that this rate is high due to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs &#40;NSAIDs&#41;&#46; This is similar to what author authors have found&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this model&#44; urological disease was considered a significant risk factor&#44; with a probability of 43&#46;7&#37;&#46; Prostatic enlargement was the most common disease&#46; In the Mexican population&#44; late detection of prostatic enlargement is common&#44; often due to men&#39;s fear of exposing their privacy during the clinical examination&#46; This can lead to complications such as CKD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Mexico&#44; the leading reason for consultation in primary care is HTN&#44; and&#44; according to the proposed model&#44; there is a 34&#46;8&#37; probability of developing CKD with this factor alone&#46; Likewise&#44; the strict monitoring of uric acid levels and their timely control must not be abandoned&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the model that predicted the highest probability of developing CKD was that which included urological diseases&#44; HTN&#44; hyperuricaemia&#44; and the use of nephrotoxic drugs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We acknowledge the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&#237;a</span> &#40;CONACYT&#41;</span> &#40;National Council of Science and Technology&#41;&#44; through the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnolog&#237;a del Estado de Quer&#233;taro</span> &#40;CONCYTEQ&#41;</span> &#40;Council of Science and Technology of Quer&#233;taro State&#41; and the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">Quer&#233;taro State Government</span> for the support provided by the joint fund &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs3">QRO-2011-CO2-175384</span>&#41;&#44; and the support of <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs4">FORDECy</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs4">193512</span>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Gallardo Vidal LS&#44; Rodr&#237;guez M&#233;ndez AJ&#44; Burgos Ochoa M&#44; Mart&#237;nez Mart&#237;nez ML&#44; Garc&#237;a Sol&#237;s P&#44; Villagr&#225;n Herrera ME&#44; et al&#46; Utilidad de un modelo de predicci&#243;n para la enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica en una unidad de primer nivel de atenci&#243;n&#46; Nefrologia&#46; 2016&#59;36&#58;196&#8211;198&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HTN&#44; systemic hypertension&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis included a Chi-square test and the calculation of the multiple logistic regression model&#44; with a 95&#37; confidence interval&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Chi-square</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">151&#46;04</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&#46;000</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coefficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Statistic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Significance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Constant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;16&#46;116&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urological disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;561&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;509&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HTN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;931&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Use of nephrotoxic drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;811&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;790&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hyperuricaemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;908&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;318&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multiple logistic regression model to explain chronic kidney disease&#46;</p>"
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      ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis included the calculation of the multiple logistic regression model and&#44; later&#44; the estimation of the probability of developing chronic kidney disease using the formula 1&#47;&#40;1&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Probability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Urological disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Systemic hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Nephrotoxic drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Hyperuricaemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">89&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">87&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Present&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Calculation of the probability of developing chronic kidney disease&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Documento de consenso para la detecci&#243;n y manejo de la enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Castelao"
                            1 => "J&#46; Gorriz"
                            2 => "L&#46; Bover"
                            3 => "J&#46; Segura de la Morena"
                            4 => "J&#46; Cebollada"
                            5 => "J&#46; Escalad"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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ISSN: 20132514
Original language: English
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