Differential diagnosis of acute rejection and chronic cyclosporine nephropathy after rat renal transplantation by detection of endothelial microparticles (EMP)
Section snippets
Background
Renal transplantation is an effective therapeutic tool to cure terminal stage nephropathy, but acute rejection (AR) is a major complication after renal transplantation, almost 35% of renal transplant patients have occurred AR. For the past few years, because of the application of new immunodepressants, its incidence rate has declined a lot, but 8% of renal transplant patients had still occurred AR [1]. As the most cost-effective immunodepressant, cyclosporine A (CsA) has significantly enhanced
The introduction of EMP and our hypothesis
According to the definition of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), microparticles (MP) are small vesicles without nuclear, released from various cells during their activation and (or) apoptosis, their diameter is between 0.1 and 1.0 μm [3], and meanwhile, MP are called microvesicles (MV) (Fig. 1). Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are one kind of microparticles from endothelial cells (EC).
Simak et al. [5] reported that each EC can release about 80 microparticles during
The methods to build models and testing of the hypothesis
In our hypothesis, Male Lewis–Brown–Norway (LBN) and Lewis (LEW) rats (250–300 g) are to be used in animal models.
The rat model of renal transplantation is to be performed as published before [14], [15]. In short, the left kidney including ureter, renal artery, a piece of aorta and renal vein is to be transferred into the recipient. For acute rejection kidneys of LBN-rats (n = 10) are to be transplanted into uninephrectomized LEW-rats (n = 10) without any immunosuppression. Donor kidneys of LEW-rats
Consequences of the hypothesis and discussion
As vascular diseases, the percentages of CD144+/105+ EMP, CD144+/CD36+ EMP in total CD144+ EMP may be different in the two kinds of animal models above. In rat acute rejection (AR) models, because their pathogenesis are related with immunologic rejection and it may activate endothelial cell, the percentages of CD144+/CD62E+ EMP and CD144+/105+ EMP in total CD144+ EMP may be elevated. Simultaneously, the impaired endothelial cells are mostly located at renal allograft and their vessels are small
Conflict of interest statement
None declared.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China (No. 08JCYBJ06800) and Scientific Research Fund of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (No. WY200912).
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