ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Adult Renal Failure
Section snippets
Preliminary remarks
The present guidelines address the indications for parenteral nutrition (PN) in renal patients with malnutrition in a similar way to the previously published guidelines on enteral nutrition (EN).1 As mentioned in these EN guidelines, patients with renal failure represent a heterogeneous group and their nutritional requirements vary according to the clinical setting. A large body of evidence supports the use of the enteral rather than the parenteral route for nutrient administration.1 However,
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2021, Surgical Oncology Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :In patients with underlying renal insufficiency, the metabolic and electrolyte derangements associated with renal replacement therapies must also be considered. In particular, nitrogen balance is vital, as protein wasting is an independent risk for morbidity and mortality.49 Appropriate fluid balance needs to be maintained as well, as those with renal failure are prone to fluid derangements,49 and this may lead to issues such as third spacing that may be challenging to correct with ongoing malnutrition.