TY - JOUR T1 - Acute kidney injury due to excessive and prolonged intramuscular injection of veterinary supplements containing vitamins A, D and E: A series of 16 cases JO - Nefrología (English Edition) T2 - AU - De Francesco Daher,Elizabeth AU - Mesquita Martiniano,Lorena Vasconcelos AU - Lopes Lima,Laio Ladislau AU - Viana Leite Filho,Newton Carlos AU - de Oliveira Souza,Louize Emanuele AU - Duarte Fernandes,Paulo Henrique Palácio AU - da Silva,Sonia Leite AU - da Silva Junior,Geraldo Bezerra SN - 20132514 M3 - 10.1016/j.nefroe.2016.12.010 DO - 10.1016/j.nefroe.2016.12.010 UR - https://revistanefrologia.com/en-acute-kidney-injury-due-excessive-articulo-S2013251416301511 AB - BackgroundDespite well-documented risks, injectable supplements containing high doses of vitamins are commonly used. ObjectivesTo describe acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of vitamin intoxication. MethodsOur series consisted of 16 patients with kidney complications resulting from the use of veterinary intramuscular injection supplements of vitamin A, D and E. The patients were admitted to two referral hospitals in Fortaleza (Brazil) between January 2010 and January 2015. ResultsPatients’ mean age was 28.3±8.9 years (19–53 years), and 11 (68.7%) were male. Main signs and symptoms upon admission were nausea (68.7%), vomiting (62.5%), weight loss (43.7%), epigastric pain (31.2%) and headache (31.2%). At hospital admission the mean laboratory values were: hemoglobin 10±2.0g/dL (6.1–14.2), leukocytes 10,542±4871/mm3 (4100–15,100), creatinine 3.9±5.2mg/dL (0.7–22) and urea 91±88mg/dL (22–306), respectively. Serum calcium was 12±2.2mg/dL (8.8–15.5), 24-h urine calcium was 575±329mg (10.7–1058), serum PTH was 55±141pg/mL (2–406), and serum vitamin D concentration was 135±75ng/mL (22–265). Using KDIGO criteria, AKI was diagnosed in 13 patients (81.2%), classified as stage 1 (n=3), stage 2 (n=3) or stage 3 (n=7). No deaths occurred in the study period. ConclusionsExcessive use of veterinary vitamin supplements containing high doses of vitamin A, D and E was associated with AKI. Hypercalcaemia, which was a common finding, appears to be a contributing factor to the development of this type of AKI. ER -